Use of the FHTHWA Index as a Novel Approach for Predicting the Incidence of Diabetes in a Japanese Population Without Diabetes: Data Analysis Study.

Background: Many tools have been developed to predict the risk of diabetes in a population without diabetes; however, these tools have shortcomings that include the omission of race, inclusion of variables that are not readily available to patients, and low sensitivity or specificity.

Objective: We aimed to develop and validate an easy, systematic index for predicting diabetes risk in the Asian population.

Methods: We collected the data from the NAGALA (NAfld [nonalcoholic fatty liver disease] in the Gifu Area, Longitudinal Analysis) database.

Musculoskeletal adverse events associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors: a real-world study using FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Objective: Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-4/6 inhibitors have significantly improved outcomes in several cancers but can also induce various organ system toxicities, including musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize the musculoskeletal adverse events (MSAEs) associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors based on real-world data.

Methods: Reports of MSAEs linked to CDK4/6 inhibitors from the first quarter (Q1) of 2015 and 2023 Q4 were extracted from the FAERS.

EZH2 inhibition induces pyroptosis via RHA-mediated S100A9 overexpression in myelodysplastic syndromes.

Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) represent a group of heterogeneous myeloid clonal diseases derived from aberrant hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is an important regulator in gene expression through methyltransferase-dependent or methyltransferase-independent mechanisms. Herein, we found EZH2 inhibition led to MDS cell pyroptosis through RNA Helicase A (RHA) down-regulation induced overexpression of S100A9, a key regulator of inflammasome activation and pyroptosis.

A novel compound heterozygous mutation in the DYNC2H1 gene in a Chinese family with Jeune syndrome.

Background: The dynein cytoplasmic two heavy chain 1 (DYNC2H1) gene encodes a cytoplasmic dynein subunit. Cytoplasmic dyneins transport cargo towards the minus end of microtubules and are thus termed the "retrograde" cellular motor. Mutations in DYNC2H1 are the main causative mutations of short rib-thoracic dysplasia syndrome type III with or without polydactyly (SRTD3).

Association of systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) with risk of psoriasis: a cross-sectional analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014.

Background: The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is an emerging marker of inflammation, and the onset of psoriasis is associated with inflammation. The aim of our study was to investigate the potential impact of SII on the incidence rate of adult psoriasis.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 data sets.

Unveiling new therapeutic horizons in rheumatoid arthritis: an In-depth exploration of circular RNAs derived from plasma exosomes.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory joint disease causing permanent disability, involves exosomes, nanosized mammalian extracellular particles. Circular RNA (circRNA) serves as a biomarker in RA blood samples. This research screened differentially expressed circRNAs in RA patient plasma exosomes for novel diagnostic biomarkers.

The parental care-seeking behavior of children with osteogenesis imperfecta based on the Anderson's model: a qualitative study.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the medical-seeking behavior of Osteogenesis Imperfecta(OI) children in Southwest China, summarize and analyze the issues in their medical process, and propose corresponding improvement strategies.

Methods: A phenomenological study involving semi-structured interviews with 20 OI caregivers at a tertiary centre for children from March to August 2021 was analyzed thematically, following Anderson's model.

Results: We identified eight themes in the data: 1)Regional disparities of OI management, 2)Big economic burden, 3)High-risk population, 4)Lack of health education, 5)Multiple treatments,6)Strict treatment indications,7)Disappointing therapeutic outcomes,8)Effective or ineffective treatment results.

Catlet scoring system as a new predictor for in-stent restenosis in patients with chronic coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent.

Background: He's team have recently developed a new Coronary Artery Tree description and Lesion EvaluaTion (CatLet) angiographic scoring system, which is capable of accounting for the variability in coronary anatomy, and risk-stratifying patients with coronary artery disease. Preliminary studies have demonstrated its superiority over the the Synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score with respect to outcome predictions for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. However, there are fewer studies on the prognostic in chronic coronary artery disease(CAD).

Prognostic value of the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a meta-analysis.

Background: The significance of the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score in predicting the prognostic outcomes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has been widely explored, with conflicting results. Therefore, the present meta-analysis aimed to identify the prognostic significance of the CONUT in DLBCL by aggregating current evidence.

Methods: The Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, CNKI and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles from inception to October 15, 2024.

Mechanisms and new advances in the efficacy of plant active ingredients in tendon-bone healing.

The tendon-bone interface, known as the tenosynovial union or attachment, can be easily damaged by excessive exercise or trauma. Tendon-bone healing is a significant research topic in orthopedics, encompassing various aspects of sports injuries and postoperative recovery. Surgery is the most common treatment; however, it has limited efficacy in promoting tendon-bone healing and carries a risk of postoperative recurrence, necessitating the search for more effective treatments.

Extracellular matrix stiffness regulates colorectal cancer progression via HSF4.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) has high incidence and mortality rates, with severe prognoses during invasion and metastasis stages. Despite advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, the impact of the tumour microenvironment, particularly extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness, on CRC progression and metastasis is not fully understood.

Methods: This study included 107 CRC patients.

Elucidating the role of FBXW4 in osteoporosis: integrating bioinformatics and machine learning for advanced insight.

Background: Osteoporosis (OP), often termed the "silent epidemic," poses a substantial public health burden. Emerging insights into the molecular functions of FBXW4 have spurred interest in its potential roles across various diseases.

Methods: This study explored FBXW4 by integrating DEGs from GEO datasets GSE2208, GSE7158, GSE56815, and GSE35956 with immune-related gene compilations from the ImmPort repository.

The triglyceride-glucose index and its obesity-related derivatives as predictors of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients: insights from NHANES data with machine learning analysis.

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a global public health concern and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Insulin resistance (IR) plays a crucial role in HTN-related metabolic dysfunction, but its assessment remains challenging. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and its derivatives (TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR) have emerged as reliable IR markers.

Association of healthy sleep patterns with incident sepsis: a large population-based prospective cohort study.

Background: The role that sleep patterns play in sepsis risk remains poorly understood.

Objectives: The objective was to evaluate the association between various sleep behaviours and the incidence of sepsis.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we analysed data from the UK Biobank (UKB).

Emerging strategies for nitric oxide production and their topical application as nanodressings to promote diabetic wound healing.

The challenges associated with prolonged healing or non-healing of chronic diabetic wounds contribute significantly to the increased incidence of lower limb amputation. A pivotal factor in the impediment of healing is the reduced production of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) due to the hyperglycemic microenvironment typical of chronic diabetes. While both endogenous and exogenous NO have been shown to promote the healing process of diabetic wounds, the direct application of NO in wound management is limited due to its gaseous nature and the risk of explosive release.

Association between triglyceride-glucose-body mass index and risk of aortic stenosis progression in patients with non-severe aortic stenosis: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Triglyceride-glucose-BMI (TyG-BMI) index is a surrogate marker of insulin resistance and an important predictor of cardiovascular disease. However, the predictive value of TyG-BMI index in the progression of non-severe aortic stenosis (AS) is still unclear.

Methods: The present retrospective observational study was conducted using patient data from Aortic valve diseases RISk facTOr assessmenT andprognosis modeL construction (ARISTOTLE).

Ulinastatin treatment mitigates glycocalyx degradation and associated with lower postoperative delirium risk in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a multicentre observational study.

Background: Ulinastatin (UTI), recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties, holds promise for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between intraoperative UTI administration and the incidence of delirium following cardiac surgery.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on a retrospective cohort of 6,522 adult cardiac surgery patients to evaluate the relationship between UTI treatment and the incident of postoperative delirium (POD) in patients ongoing cardiac surgery.

Diagnostic utility of LEF1 and β-catenin in WNT pathway tumors with CTNNB1 mutation.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the expression of lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF1) and β-catenin in basal cell adenoma (BA), desmoid-type fibromatosis (DF), and pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) to evaluate their diagnostic utility in tumors associated with the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway harboring the mutation of CTNNB1 gene 3 exon.

Methods: Eighty tumor patients, including 26 BAs, 30 DFs, and 24 SPNs, were analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining was identified positive (nuclear staining of LEF1 and β-catenin in > 50% of tumor cells).

Dual-mode-driven nanomotors targeting inflammatory macrophages for the MRI and synergistic treatment of atherosclerosis.

With the progress of atherosclerosis (AS), the arterial lumen stenosis and compact plaque structure, the thickening intima and the narrow gaps between endothelial cells significantly limit the penetration efficiency of nanoprobe to plaque, weakening the imaging sensitivity and therapy efficiency. Thus, in this study, a HO-NIR dual-mode nanomotor, Gd-doped mesoporous carbon nanoparticles/Pt with rapamycin (RAPA) loading and AntiCD36 modification (Gd-MCNs/Pt-RAPA-AC) was constructed. The asymmetric deposition of Pt on Gd-MCNs catalyzed HO at the inflammatory site to produce O, which could promote the self-motion of the nanomotor and ease inflammation microenvironment of AS plaque.

Initial treatment with a single capsule containing half-dose quadruple therapy vs standard-dose dual therapy in hypertensive patients (QUADUAL): a randomized, blinded, crossover trial.

Background: Guidelines recognized dual combination in initial antihypertensive therapy. Studies found that low-dose quadruple combination were superior to monotherapy. However, whether low-dose quadruple therapy is better than dual combination is unknown.

Epidermal stem cell derived exosomes-induced dedifferentiation of myofibroblasts inhibits scarring via the miR-203a-3p/PIK3CA axis.

Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a common fibroproliferative disorders with no fully effective treatments. The conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts is known to play a critical role in HS formation, making it essential to identify molecules that promote myofibroblast dedifferentiation and to elucidate their underlying mechanisms. In this study, we used comparative transcriptomics and single-cell sequencing to identify key molecules and pathways that mediate fibrosis and myofibroblast transdifferentiation.

Barriers to healthcare professionals screening, recognizing, and managing delirium in the adult patients receiving specialist palliative care: a mixed-methods systematic review.

Background: Delirium frequently occurs in palliative care settings, yet its screening, identification, and management remain suboptimal in clinical practice. This review aims to elucidate the barriers preventing healthcare professionals from effectively screening, recognizing, and managing delirium in adult patients receiving specialist palliative care, with the goal of developing strategies to enhance clinical practice.

Methods: A mixed-methods systematic review was conducted (PROSPERO: CRD42024563666).

Triglyceride-glucose index predicts adverse cardiovascular events in patients with H-type hypertension combined with coronary heart disease: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The triglyceride‒glucose index (TyG index) is a reliable surrogate for insulin resistance (IR) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and is associated with cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have reported that H-type hypertension is likewise a predictor of adverse events in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the relationship between the TyG index and prognosis in patients with H-type hypertension combined with CHD has not yet been reported.

Enhancing furcation involvement classification on panoramic radiographs with vision transformers.

Background: The severity of furcation involvement (FI) directly affected tooth prognosis and influenced treatment approaches. However, assessing, diagnosing, and treating molars with FI was complicated by anatomical and morphological variations. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) enhanced diagnostic accuracy for detecting FI and measuring furcation defects.