Long non-coding RNA Malat1 modulates CXCR4 expression to regulate the interaction between induced neural stem cells and microglia following closed head injury.

Background: Closed head injury (CHI) provokes a prominent neuroinflammation that may lead to long-term health consequences. Microglia plays pivotal and complex roles in neuroinflammation-mediated neuronal insult and repair following CHI. We previously reported that induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) can block the effects of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling on NF-κB activation in activated microglia by CXCR4 overexpression.

Trehalose enhances macrophage autophagy to promote myelin debris clearance after spinal cord injury.

Background: Myelin-laden foamy macrophages accumulate extensively in the lesion epicenter, exhibiting characteristics of autophagolysosomal dysfunction, which leads to prolonged inflammatory responses after spinal cord injury (SCI). Trehalose, known for its neuroprotective properties as an autophagy inducer, has yet to be fully explored for its potential to mitigate foamy macrophage formation and exert therapeutic effects in the context of SCI.

Results: We observed that trehalose significantly enhances macrophage phagocytosis and clearance of myelin in a dose-dependent manner in vitro.

N7-methylguanosine modification in cancers: from mechanisms to therapeutic potential.

N7-methylguanosine (m7G) is an important RNA modification involved in epigenetic regulation that is commonly observed in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Their influence on the synthesis and processing of messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA allows m7G modifications to affect diverse cellular, physiological, and pathological processes. m7G modifications are pivotal in human diseases, particularly cancer progression.

The kidney reabsorption-related magnesium depletion score is associated with cardiovascular disease and longitudinal mortality in diabetic kidney disease patients.

Background: The kidney reabsorption is essential for maintaining magnesium homeostasis. This study aims to explore the relationship between kidney reabsorption-related magnesium depletion score (MDS) and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and prognosis in diabetic disease kidney (DKD) patients.

Methods: We included 3199 DKD patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, including 1072 CVD patients.

Association of serum and local GRP78 and CHOP expressions with disease progression in patients with non-traumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head.

Background: The endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) has been involved in various musculoskeletal disorders including non-traumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head (NT-ONFH).

Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the association of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) as well as CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) expressions in serum and femoral head (FH) tissues with NT-ONFH's severity.

Methods: We enrolled NT-ONFH patients (n = 150) alongside healthy controls (HCs, n = 150).

Effectively alleviate rheumatoid arthritis via maintaining redox balance, inducing macrophage repolarization and restoring homeostasis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes by metformin-derived carbon dots.

Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), elevated synovial inflammation, synovial hyperplasia and fibrosis are the main characteristic of microenvironment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Macrophages and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) play crucial roles in the progression of RA. Hence, synergistic combination of ROS scavenging, macrophage polarization from pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype towards M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype, and restoring homeostasis of FLSs will provide a promising therapeutic strategy for RA.

Understanding the local-level variations in seasonality of human respiratory syncytial virus infection: a systematic analysis.

Background: While previous reports characterised global and regional variations in RSV seasonality, less is known about local variations in RSV seasonal characteristics. This study aimed to understand the local-level variations in RSV seasonality and to explore the role of geographical, meteorological, and socio-demographic factors in explaining these variations.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review to identify published studies reporting data on local-level RSV season onset, offset, or duration for at least two local sites.

From micro to macro, nanotechnology demystifies acute pancreatitis: a new generation of treatment options emerges.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a disease characterized by an acute inflammatory response in the pancreas. This is caused by the abnormal activation of pancreatic enzymes by a variety of etiologic factors, which results in a localized inflammatory response. The symptoms of this disease include abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting and fever.

Exosomal miR-122 derived from M2 macrophages induces osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of alcoholic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Alcoholic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (AIONFH) is caused by long-term heavy drinking, which leads to abnormal alcohol and lipid metabolism, resulting in femoral head tissue damage, and then pathological necrosis of femoral head tissue. If not treated in time in clinical practice, it will seriously affect the quality of life of patients and even require hip replacement to treat alcoholic femoral head necrosis. This study will confirm whether M2 macrophage exosome (M2-Exo) miR-122 mediates alcohol-induced BMSCs osteogenic differentiation, ultimately leading to the inhibition of femoral head necrosis.

NLRP3: a key regulator of skin wound healing and macrophage-fibroblast interactions in mice.

Wound healing is a highly coordinated process driven by intricate molecular signaling and dynamic interactions between diverse cell types. Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) has been implicated in the regulation of inflammation and tissue repair; however, its specific role in skin wound healing remains unclear. This study highlights the pivotal role of NLRP3 in effective skin wound healing, as demonstrated by delayed wound closure and altered cellular and molecular responses in NLRP3-deficient (NLRP3) mice.

Depot-specific acetylation profiles of adipose tissues-therapeutic targets for metabolically unhealthy obesity.

Background: Adipose tissue plays a critical role in the development of metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO), with distinct adipose depots demonstrating functional differences. This study aimed to investigate the unique characteristics of subcutaneous (SA) and visceral adipose tissue (VA) in MUO.

Methods: Paired omental VA and abdominal SA samples were obtained from four male patients with MUO and subjected to Four-Dimensional Data Independent Acquisition (4D-DIA) proteomic and lysine acetylation (Kac) analyses.

Formin protein DAAM1 positively regulates PD-L1 expression via mediating the JAK1/STAT1 axis in pancreatic cancer.

Background: Dishevelled-associated activator of morphogenesis1 (DAAM1) is a member of the evolutionarily conserved Formin family and plays a significant role in the malignant progression of various human cancers. This study aims to explore the clinical and biological significance of DAAM1 in pancreatic cancer.

Methods: Multiple public datasets and an in-house cohort were utilized to assess the clinical relevance of DAAM1 in pancreatic cancer.

The role of Chinese folk ritual music in biodiversity conservation: an ethnobiological perspective from the Lingnan region.

Background: Traditional ecological knowledge embedded in cultural practices is vital for biodiversity conservation but is increasingly under threat from modernization and globalization. This study investigates the role of Chinese folk ritual music in promoting biodiversity conservation, with a focus on Cantonese Opera and agricultural rituals in the Lingnan region of southern China.

Methods: We employed literature review, qualitative fieldwork, and ethnographic analysis, including interviews with local musicians and community members, to investigate how Cantonese Opera and agricultural rituals contribute to ecological sustainability by integrating cultural narratives with environmental stewardship.

Pretreatment level of circulating tumor cells is associated with lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with ≤ 55 years old.

Objective: To investigate the relationship of pretreatment of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) (central LNM (CLNM) and lateral LNM (LLNM)) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients with ≤ 55 years old.

Methods: Clinicopathological data (CTCs level, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, thyroid function, multifocal, tumor size, invaded capsule, clinical stage, and LNM) of 588 PTC patients with ≤ 55 years old were retrospectively collected. The relationship of CLNM, LLNM and the clinical features of patients was analyzed.

Enhancing immunotherapy efficacy with synergistic low-dose radiation in metastatic melanoma: current insights and prospects.

Recent advances in oncology research have highlighted the promising synergy between low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT) and immunotherapies, with growing evidence highlighting the unique benefits of the combination. LDRT has emerged as a potent tool for stimulating the immune system, triggering systemic antitumor effects by remodeling the tumor microenvironment. Notably, LDRT demonstrates remarkable efficacy even in challenging metastatic sites such as the liver (uveal) and brain (cutaneous), particularly in advanced melanoma stages.

Avian influenza mRNA vaccine encoding hemagglutinin provides complete protection against divergent H5N1 viruses in specific-pathogen-free chickens.

Background: The rapid mutation of avian influenza virus (AIV) poses a significant threat to both the poultry industry and public health. Herein, we have successfully developed an mRNA-LNPs candidate vaccine for H5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza and evaluated its immunogenicity and protective efficacy.

Results: In experiments on BALB/c mice, the vaccine candidate elicited strong humoral and a certain cellular immune responses and protected mice from the heterologous AIV challenge.

Predictive role of the prognostic nutritional index for long-term prognosis among patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy: a meta-analysis.

Purpose: To identify the predictive role of the preoperative prognostic nutritional index (PNI) for long-term survival in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy.

Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and CNKI databases were searched up to October 28, 2024. The primary outcomes included overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).

Anti-inflammatory coupled anti-angiogenic airway stent effectively suppresses tracheal in-stents restenosis.

Excessive vascularization during tracheal in-stent restenosis (TISR) is a significant but frequently overlooked issue. We developed an anti-inflammatory coupled anti-angiogenic airway stent (PAGL) incorporating anlotinib hydrochloride and silver nanoparticles using advanced electrospinning technology. PAGL exhibited hydrophobic surface properties, exceptional mechanical strength, and appropriate drug-release kinetics.

Ambient air pollution and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: a global study between 1990 and 2019.

Background: Emerging research found air pollution may be associated with incident Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. However, few studies have examined these associations at the global scale. This study aimed to assess the dynamic associations between ambient air pollution and the burden of AD and other dementias worldwide.

Advancements in minimally invasive treatment of deltoid ligament injuries combined with distal tibiofibular syndesmosis injuries.

The deltoid ligament (medial collateral ligament) and the syndesmosis (a composite ligamentous structure at the distal tibiofibular junction) are critical for maintaining ankle stability. In cases of high-energy ankle fractures, these structures are often injured simultaneously, leading to instability and potential long-term complications such as post-traumatic arthritis. This review aims to explore advancements in minimally invasive techniques for the treatment of combined deltoid ligament and syndesmosis injuries, with a focus on optimizing surgical outcomes and reducing patient morbidity.

Tegaserod maleate exerts anti-tumor effects on prostate cancer via repressing sonic hedgehog signaling pathway.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a highly common type of malignancy and affects millions of men in the world since it is easy to recur or emerge therapy resistance. Therefore, it is urgent to find novel treatments for PCa patients. In the current study, we found that tegaserod maleate (TM), an FDA-approved agent, inhibited proliferation, colony formation, migration as well as invasion, caused the arrest of the cell cycle, and promoted apoptosis of PCa cells in vitro.

scSMD: a deep learning method for accurate clustering of single cells based on auto-encoder.

Background: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has transformed biological research by offering new insights into cellular heterogeneity, developmental processes, and disease mechanisms. As scRNA-seq technology advances, its role in modern biology has become increasingly vital. This study explores the application of deep learning to single-cell data clustering, with a particular focus on managing sparse, high-dimensional data.

Anatomical characterization of Semi-arid Bignoniaceae using light and scanning electron microscopy.

Background: The present research work was done to evaluate the anatomical differences among selected species of the family Bignoniaceae, as limited anatomical data is available for this family in Pakistan. Bignoniaceae is a remarkable family for its various medicinal properties and anatomical characterization is an important feature for the identification and classification of plants.

Methodology: In this study, several anatomical structures were examined, including stomata type and shape, leaf epidermis shape, epidermal cell size, and the presence or absence of trichomes and crystals (e.

Dioscin pretreatment ameliorates ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a leading cause of mortality globally, often resulting in irreversible damage to cardiomyocytes. Ferroptosis, a recently identified form of regulated cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a significant contributor to post-MI cardiac injury. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response has been implicated in exacerbating ferroptosis.