AI integrations with lung cancer screening: Considerations in developing AI in a public health setting.

Lung cancer screening implementation has led to expanded imaging of the chest in older, tobacco-exposed populations. Growing numbers of screening cases are also found to have CT-detectable emphysema or elevated levels of coronary calcium, indicating the presence of coronary artery disease. Early interventions based on these additional findings, especially with coronary calcium, are emerging and follow established protocols.

Are health education effective to improve herpes zoster vaccine willingness in vulnerable elderly.

Background: Compared to other vaccines recommended for the elderly, the effectiveness of health education in improving the willingness to vaccinate the herpes zoster vaccine (HZV) in low-come residents remains unclear.

Methods: We recruited elderly participants from villages in Lingcheng District, and assigned each village to one of three health education interventions: oral health education, brochure-based health education, or video health education. The follow-up surveys were conducted immediately after each intervention.

Association of TNFAIP3 expression and gene polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility in the Chinese Han population.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with complex underlying mechanisms that have not been fully elucidated. Tumor necrosis factor-α induces protein 3 (TNFAIP3) has been identified as an SLE susceptibility gene. This study aimed to investigate the association between TNFAIP3 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), TNFAIP3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and SLE genetic susceptibility.

Current research status on the structure, physicochemical properties, bioactivities, and mechanism of soybean-derived bioactive peptide lunasin.

Since the 21st century, chronic diseases have become a worldwide health problem due to their high morbidity and mortality. Soybean bioactive substances, especially soybean peptides, are considered to have health benefits beyond nutritional effects. As the most studied peptide in soybean, lunasin has been proven to exert beneficial effects on various chronic disorders.

Dual-functional Zn@melanin nanoparticles for enhanced antibacterial activity and prolonged fruit preservation.

Mitigating food spoilage from microbial infections remains a critical challenge in food preservation. Although Zn ions are used as chemical bactericides, their use alone often requires high doses. A novel nanomaterial, Zn@MNPs, combining photothermal properties with the controlled release of Zn, was synthesized through a coordination of Zn with melanin nanoparticles (MNPs) derived from cuttlefish ink.

Cyclic trace enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment enhances brown rice: Cooking and taste.

Brown rice is nutritious but with low acceptance due to its cooking inconvenience and poor taste. This study investigated the effect of cyclic trace enzymatic hydrolysis (CEH) on brown rice refining and compared it with other two treatments: cyclic trace water infiltration (CWI) and disposable enzymatic hydrolysis (DEH). As results, CEH increased the moisture content of brown rice with a relatively low crack rate.

High-temperature pressure cooking on the quality of Basa (Pangasius bocourti) fish maw: Gelling, in vitro digestion and proteomic analysis.

This study aims to evaluate the different processing methods, soaking-high-temperature pressure cooking (SHPC) and un-soaking-high-temperature pressure cooking (USHPC), on the quality of Basa (Pangasius bocourti) fish maw (BFM). Compared to traditionally cooked BFM, SHPC and USHPC treated BFM exhibited more severe disruption of collagen fibrils and network structure, significantly decreased texture, shear force and water holding capacity of BFM with the increase of HPC time, indicating that HPC could effectively reduce soaking time of BFM. Besides, as time HPC was 30 min, USHPC almost showed similar texture results to SHPC, and the former had the higher in vitro digestibility.

Structural characterization and fermentation of a novel Moringa oleifera leaves polysaccharide with hypoglycemic effects.

Moringa oleifera leaf-derived natural products offer diverse health benefits in metabolic disorders. However, the structural attributes of M. oleifera leaf polysaccharides, their transformations during gastrointestinal digestion, and their influence on gut microbiota and hypoglycemic activity remain insufficiently understood.

Comprehensive single-cell profiling of T and B cell subsets in mice reveals impacts on memory immune responses in FMDV infection.

The impact of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) on memory immune responses has not been thoroughly investigated due to limited availability of immunological research tools. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified specific gene markers for the majority of T and B cell subsets in the spleens of mice. Our findings indicate that FMDV infection significantly reduces the proportions of memory cell populations (e.

Single monoiodoacetic acid injection reveals toll-like receptor, oestrogen, oxidative stress, and altered energy metabolism as key drivers of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis in female rats.

Objectives: This study aimed to establish a reproducible and minimally invasive rat model of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) using intra-articular monoiodoacetic acid (MIA) injection, and to investigate the pathological mechanisms underlying TMJ-OA development, aimed at providing insights for potential clinical treatments.

Design: We compared the effects of single versus multiple MIA injections on body weight, pain behaviour, and condylar pathology in female Sprague-Dawley rats. We longitudinally assessed the progression of TMJ-OA over 5 weeks by evaluating condylar pathology and immunohistochemical staining.

PEGylated retinoate prodrug self-assembled nanomicelles loaded with triptolide for targeting treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and side effect attenuation.

Triptolide (TP, an active ingredient from Tripterygium wilfordii) demonstrates significant efficacy in treating rheumatoid arthritis, but its low bioavailability and multi-organ toxicity limit its application. Herein, we developed a PEGylated retinoate self-assembled nanomicelles (FA-TP@VA NPs) modified with folic acid (FA) for inflammatory macrophage-targeted delivery of TP. FA-TP@VA NPs showed an appropriate size (192.

A Caspase-3 responsive nanoemulsion for targeted treatment of rheumatoid arthritis through dual modulation of inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation, pain, and progressive joint damage. Current treatments, while effective, are limited by their potential side effects, particularly in long-term use. This study introduces a novel nanoemulsion-based therapeutic approach combining rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, with SS31, a mitochondrial-targeting antioxidant peptide.

Differentiation with electroencephalography microstate in temporal lobe epilepsy with and without cognitive decline.

Objective: Electroencephalography (EEG) microstate analysis is widely used in the study of various neurological and psychiatric disorders. We aim to assess whether EEG microstates are altered in TLE patients with and without cognitive decline.

Methods: This study included a total of 47 temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients with or without cognitive decline and 14 healthy controls (HCs).

UBA52 Mediates ribosomal DNA stability under hexavalent chromium exposure in occupational workers and cellular models.

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] exposure poses substantial environmental and health risks, especially in occupational settings, where it has been linked to genomic instability. Our previous research demonstrated that Cr(VI) exposure could induce DNA copy number (CN) variation. Here, we examined the role of Ubiquitin A-52 ribosomal protein fusion product 1 (UBA52) in stabilizing rDNA CN under Cr(VI) exposure by analyzing data from Cr(VI)-exposed workers and matched controls.

Combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed the toxicity mechanism of individual or combined of microplastic and salt stress on maize.

In saline alkaline soils, microplastics inevitably form a combined stress with NaCl to limit crop growth, but the molecular mechanisms of their toxic effects remain vague and inadequate. We analyzed the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of maize seedlings to single or combined stresses of MPs and NaCl by means of combined metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses. MPs and NaCl single or combined stresses reduced plant fresh weight by 36.

Mechanism of arsenic-induced liver injury in rats revealed by metabolomics and ionomics based approach.

Arsenic (As) is an environmental toxicant and human carcinogen, long-term exposure to As can lead to varying degrees of liver injury. In this study, the liver injury model of As poisoned Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was established, and the potential mechanism was investigated by metabonomics and ionomics. A total of 164 differential expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified between the As poisoned group and the control group, which mainly involved in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and porphyrin metabolism.

Role of glutathione S-transferases and monoamine oxidase in the detoxification of Pomacea canaliculata exposed to tea saponin.

Pomacea canaliculata is one of the most destructive threats to the safe production of rice. Molluscicides are the primary measure for controlling this pest species. Tea saponin (TS) is a plant secondary metabolite with a high snail-killing activity.

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Amomum villosum Lour. Using natural deep eutectic solvent: Process optimization, comparison, identification, and bioactivity.

Amomum villosum Lour. (A. villosum) is widely utilized in culinary and medicinal contexts due to its rich diversity of bioactive compounds.

Effect of lysine-assisted ultrasonic and vacuum tumbling treatment on the quality of chicken breast meat in canned foods.

Curing is a technological process that improves the tenderness, water retention, and overall quality of canned food. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different exogenous additives, specifically sodium tripolyphosphate and lysine, on the quality of chicken breast meat in canned assorted vegetables and diced chicken using different curing methods: static curing, ultrasonic curing, vacuum tumbling curing, and ultrasonic combined with vacuum tumbling curing. The texture, moisture mobility and distribution, microstructure, and sensory acceptability of the chicken meat were evaluated.

The inhibition of placental mTOR signaling leads to fetal growth restriction with abnormal glucose metabolism in different anatomical regions of placentas.

Introduction: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common pregnancy complication with significant impact on obstetric and birth outcomes. Increasing evidence shows that the inhibition of placental mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is closely related to FGR. However, the pathogenesis of FGR is not fully consistent presently, which is subject to the methodological divergence.

Melatonin alleviates endometrial fibrosis in bovine endometritis by regulating TGF-β/Smad and MAPK signaling pathways via MT2.

Bovine endometritis can lead to abnormal endometrial function and fibrosis, resulting in difficulties in successful embryo implantation and intrauterine adhesions. Melatonin is well known for its profitable effects against inflammation and pathological fibrosis in discrepant organs. Considering the potential therapeutic benefits of melatonin, this study aimed to investigate its effects on endometrial fibrosis in cows with endometritis.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of the Fluoro analog of Romidepsin with improved selectivity for class I histone deacetylases (HDACs).

Selective inhibition of Class I HDACs has emerged as a promising approach for cancer therapy. Building on our previous work with Largazole (a member of the natural depsipeptide family), we have applied a similar fluorination modification to Romidepsin and synthesized its fluoro analog (12) in 12 steps. This analog exhibits potent inhibitory activity against Class I HDACs but shows no inhibitory effect on HDAC6, confirming its selectivity as a Class I HDAC inhibitor (IC50 HDAC1 0.

Identification of selenium-containing benzamides as potent microtubule-targeting antitumor agents.

IMB5046, a microtubule inhibitor discovered by our team, served as the lead compound for designing a series of selenium-containing benzoates and benzamides. Among these, compound 2g emerged as a lead candidate, demonstrating potent antiproliferative activity. Mechanistic studies revealed that 2g bound to the colchicine site of tubulin, caused G2/M cell cycle arrest, and generated ROS.

Antibiotics shape the core microbial community distribution between floc and biofilm in an endogenous partial denitrification system: Insight from metabolic pathway.

The response mechanism of microorganisms in partial denitrification (PD) system under antibiotic stress, particularly microbial energy metabolism and electron transfer, remain inadequately understood. This knowledge gap hinders the establishment of ecological links between microbial dynamics and macro-level reactor performance. To address this, moving bed biofilm reactors were employed to investigate the dynamic changes of microbial community and metabolism under sulfadiazine (SDZ) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) stress.