Choroid plexus enlargement correlates with cognitive impairment and brain atrophy in patients with mood disorders.

Background: Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) often exhibit cognitive impairments, with choroid plexus (ChP) volume linked to these deficits and cortical structures. However, the relationship between ChP volume, cognition, and brain morphology in mood disorders remains understudied. This study aimed to investigate these mechanisms.

Additive impact of depression and social isolation on future cardiovascular disease and mortality: The mediated effect of cardiometabolic diseases.

Background: Depression and social isolation are significant public health issues worldwide, characterized by a bidirectional relationship between the two. This study aims to evaluate the combined effects of depression and social isolation on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality, as well as to assess the mediating role of cardiometabolic diseases in these associations.

Methods: This nationwide prospective cohort study utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.

The competitive mediating role of basal metabolic rate in the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and depression risk.

Background: The effect of basal metabolic rate (BMR) on depression was unclear. This study investigated the potential role of BMR in the association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure and depression.

Methods: The study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Prodrug-designed nanocarrier co-delivering chemotherapeutic and vascular disrupting agents with exceptionally high drug loading capacity.

Chemotherapy remains a vital component of cancer treatment, with combination therapy widely used in clinical practice to overcome the limitations of single-drug administration. However, challenges persist including pharmacokinetic discrepancies among different pharmaceutical agents, and insufficient synergistic efficiency in small-molecule drug combinations. There is an urgent need to develop more efficient combination therapy strategies.

Codelivery Ce6 and curcumin in antibacterial poly(β-amino ester) for anti-inflammatory and photodynamic antimicrobial combination therapy.

Developing antimicrobial therapies not rely on antibiotics is an expective way to resolve the threat of drug-resistant bacteria, such as photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (APDT). However, the main antibacterial species in APDT are reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the overproduction of ROS will cause serious inflammatory and delay wound healing. Therefore, it is necessary to solve this contradiction in order to realize anti-inflammatory in the process of APDT.

A sinomenine derivative alleviates bone destruction in collagen-induced arthritis mice by suppressing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress via the NRF2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling pathway.

Bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) leads to significant disability, yet effective treatments are limited. Sinomenine (Sino) demonstrates anti-arthritic and bone-protective effects but requires high doses. In this study, we developed a Sino derivative, SINX, and evaluated its efficacy in RA.

Epigenetic mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of cardiac rehabilitation. An overview from the working groups of "cellular and molecular biology of the heart" and "cardiac rehabilitation and cardiovascular prevention" of the Italian Society of Cardiology (SIC).

The benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) have been demonstrated in patients after myocardial infarction (MI), and in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). The core components of the CR program include improvement in exercise tolerance and optimization of coronary risk factors (i.e.

The Epidemiological Analysis of Respiratory Virus Infections in Children in Hangzhou from 2019 to 2023.

To investigate the infection of children with respiratory tract infection in Hangzhou from 2019 to 2023, and to explore the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory tract virus infection before and after the prevalence of novel coronavirus. A retrospective analysis was conducted on oral and pharyngeal swabs from 302,680 children with acute respiratory infections. Colloidal gold-based assays were used to detect viral antigens, including adenovirus (ADV), influenza A (FluA), influenza B (FluB), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Human platelet-rich plasma promotes primordial follicle activation via the PI3K/akt signaling pathway.

The activation of dormant primordial follicles is a promising method to improve the fertility of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) patients. Many experiments from both human and animal studies suggest that human platelet-rich plasma (hPRP) may restore ovarian function and promote follicle growth. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Surgical outcomes of aortic valve replacement in children with ross and ozaki procedure.

Objectives: To evaluate the midterm outcomes of the Ross and Ozaki procedures as alternatives to mechanical valve replacement in children with aortic valve disease.

Methods: All patients undergoing the Ross or Ozaki procedure between January 2017 and December 2023 were included. Primary outcomes were moderate or greater aortic valve stenosis (AS) or aortic regurgitation (AR) after surgery.

Evaluation of Leg Joint Injury Risk Following Aerial Basketball Catching Movements.

The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the risk of lower-extremity injury during landing, after catching a basketball in the air for a rebound or a steal. A total of 32 (15 females and 17 males) recreational basketball players were asked to perform 4 different arm-reaching movements during the flight phase: no reaching, left (LAR), right (RAR), and bilateral (BAR) arm reaching. Knee and hip flexion and abduction angles at initial ground contact, peak ground reaction force within 100 milliseconds after contact, and peak moments for the hip and knee joints were analyzed.

Dietary timing enhances exercise by modulating fat-muscle crosstalk via adipocyte AMPKα2 signaling.

Feeding rhythms regulate exercise performance and muscle energy metabolism. However, the mechanisms regulating adipocyte functions remain unclear. Here, using multi-omics analyses, involving (phospho-)proteomics and lipidomics, we found that day-restricted feeding (DRF) regulates diurnal rhythms of the mitochondrial proteome, neutral lipidome, and nutrient-sensing pathways in mouse gonadal white adipose tissue (GWAT).

Artificial base mismatches-mediated PCR (ABM-PCR) for detecting clinically relevant single-base mutations.

Objectives: Detecting point mutations with high sensitivity and specificity can be technically very challenging, but it is crucial for early diagnosis and effective drug treatment of cancers. To enable ultrasensitive and ultraspecific detection of single-base mutations in simple and economical ways, we have developed an artificial base mismatches-mediated PCR (ABM-PCR) detection approach.

Methods: ABM-PCR was applied to quantitative PCR (qPCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) detection platforms.

Macrophage-targeting combination therapy enhances T-DXd-induced tumor regression.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for HER2-positive cancers, with trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) demonstrating significant efficacy. However, resistance mechanisms often limit the effectiveness of ADC monotherapy. This study explores the potential of combining T-DXd with macrophage-targeting therapies, specifically anti-SIRPα antibodies and PI3Kγ inhibitors, to enhance anti-tumor immunity.

Apigenin attenuated sepsis induced acute lung injury via polarizing macrophage towards M2 by blocking miR-146a →TLR7 interaction.

TLR7 (Toll-like receptor 7) has been indicated as an important sensor for single -stranded RNA contributes to systemic inflammation and mortality in acute lung injury (ALI), which is an acute diffuse inflammatory lung injury. Cumulative results show that macrophages contribute to the development and progression of ALI through the secretion of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Here we show that macrophage polarizes towards M1 phenotype and TLR7 signaling is activated in septic mice.

Crosstalk patterns of necroptosis signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome in the colonic epithelium and its initial role in colitis.

Inflammation-mediated epithelial damage, including necroptosis of the intestinal epithelia, can lead to subsequent immune responses, but the molecular mechanisms of inflammation in the initial stages are not well understood. Based on cellular experiments and mouse models, we investigated the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome under necroptotic conditions, and its contribution to the inflammatory response in colitis. Our results showed that, under inflammatory conditions, intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) undergo phosphor-MLKL-dependent necroptosis with subsequent activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome for caspase-1 activation and IL-1β maturation.

The PM2.5 component, benzo[b]fluoranthene, may contribute to the pathogenesis of membranous nephropathy by activating phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway and causing podocyte pyroptosis.

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the main type of adult nephrotic syndrome, and its prevalence is increasing annually. An increasing number of studies have suggested that the pathogenesis of MN is related to 2.5-μm particulate matter (PM2.

Effects of three Chinese herbal therapies on gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid metabolism in patients with mild, moderate, and severe ulcerative colitis: Multi-center, randomized, controlled trials.

Background: Traditional Chinese medicines, as a burgeoning field of medication, significantly alleviate ulcerative colitis (UC) by improving intestinal microbiota-metabolism. Our previous studies demonstrated the significant efficacy of Hudi Enteric-coated capsules (HDEC), Qingchang Wenzhong decoction (QCWZ), and Modified Wumei pill (MWMP) using a mouse model of colitis. However, the mechanism of these therapies through the modulation of microbiota-metabolism remains uncertain.

PGRN knockdown alleviates pulmonary fibrosis regulating the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway.

Background: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a serious, chronic, and progressive disease with increased collagen deposition and the collapse of lung structures. Currently, the antifibrotic drugs for PF treatment, nintedanib and pirfenidone, have been proven to reduce the decline of pulmonary function in PF, but both have side effects, and to date, there is no significantly effective treatment to halt the progression of PF. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of pregranuloprotein (PGRN) in pulmonary fibrosis through in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Langhans giant cells regulate cutaneous immune responses during mycobacterial infection through CXCL1/CXCL2 secretion.

Mycobacterial infection poses a significant threat to human health, with granuloma formation serving as a hallmark pathological feature and a critical diagnostic indicator. Langhans giant cells (LGCs) play a pivotal role in the immune response during mycobacterial infections, yet their immunological functions remain incompletely understood. In this study, we explored the role of LGCs in immune modulation during mycobacterial infection.

Oleanolic acid inhibits mesangial cell proliferation and inflammatory response in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis through IL-17/ERK/AKT pathway.

Background: Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) is a common form of glomerulonephritis characterized by mesangial cell proliferation and inflammatory responses. However, current clinical treatment options for MsPGN are rather limited. Oleanolic acid (OA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid compound, exhibits anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties and has been proven to have renal protective effects.

Phenotypic clusters of narcolepsy type 1: Insights from age of onset, weight gain, sleep patterns, and impulsivity.

Objective: This study aimed to discern the underlying relationships between clinical manifestations and neuroimaging phenotypes among patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1).

Methods: Demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, polysomnography parameters, and comorbidities were collected in 158 NT1 patients. Using R software, we applied k-medoid cluster analysis to create homogenous NT1 patient clusters.

BGP-15 improves quality of goat sperm by mitigating oxidative stress during cryopreservation.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of BGP-15 ((Z)-N'-(2-hydroxy-3-(piperidin-1-yl) propoxy) nicotinimidamide) on goat sperm during cryopreservation. The semen from six rams was diluted with a soybean lecithin-based extender containing different doses of BGP-15 (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μM). After the freeze-thawing process, sperm characteristics, plasma membrane integrity and functionality, acrosomal status, mitochondria activity, apoptosis status, and gene expression of post-thawed ram spermatozoa were assessed.