Carboxylesterase 2A gene knockout or enzyme inhibition alleviates steatohepatitis in rats by regulating PPARγ and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a widespread liver disease that progresses from simple steatosis to severe steatohepatitis stage. Despite the recognized importance of carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) in hepatic lipid metabolism, the role of CES2 in hepatic inflammation remains unclear. The rat genome encodes six Ces2 genes and Ces2a shows high expression in liver and intestine.

Astragalin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior in mice by preserving blood-brain barrier integrity and suppressing neuroinflammation.

Astragalin (AST) is a flavonoid glycoside commonly found in edible plants and medicinal herbs with a variety of therapeutic effects. This study aimed to investigate whether AST protects the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and inhibits neuroinflammation, thereby alleviating depressive-like behaviors. LPS-stimulated cultured cells and LPS-induced BBB disruption and depressive-like behavior mice models were employed.

Establishing a deep learning model that integrates pre- and mid-treatment computed tomography to predict treatment response for non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Patients with identical stages or similar tumor volumes can vary significantly in their responses to radiotherapy (RT) due to individual characteristics, making personalized RT for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) challenging. This study aimed to develop a deep learning (DL) model by integrating pre- and mid-treatment computed tomography (CT) to predict the treatment response in NSCLC patients.

Methods And Material: We retrospectively collected data from 168 NSCLC patients across three hospitals.

Functions of FGF21 and its role in cardiac hypertrophy.

Background: FGF21 is a stress-inducible hormone that operates in the autocrine or paracrine manner. Recent reports have revealed that FGF21 is highly expressed in cardiac hypertrophy to protect against heart injury and dysfunction. FGF21 is used to treat cardiac hypertrophy in mouse models.

The probiotic enhances donor microbiota stability and improves the efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation for treating colitis.

Introduction: The stability and metabolic functionality of donor microbiota are critical determinants of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While probiotics show potential to enhance microbiota resilience, their role in optimizing donor microbiota for FMT remains underexplored.

Objectives: This study investigated whether pretreatment of donor microbiota with L.

Long-term weight change and transition of metabolic health status in middle life and the risk of atrial fibrillation.

Background: The association of long-term weight change with atrial fibrillation (AF) risk remains controversial and evidence for the effect of metabolic health transition on AF is limited.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of body mass index (BMI) change and transition in BMI-metabolic health status on AF.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study within UK Biobank.

Empowering PARP inhibition through rational combination: Mechanisms of PARP inhibitors and combinations with a focus on the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of many cancers. Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is an area where PARP inhibitors are intensively studied; the efficacy with PARP inhibitor monotherapy in patients with homologous recombination repair mutations following novel hormonal therapy have prompted the investigation of combination therapy, with adding an androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI) being one focus of research. Data on PARP inhibitor monotherapy and combination therapy for mCRPC are accumulating, and it is important to navigate through the complex data to inform treatment decision.

Self-assembled metal-coordinated nanoparticles for synergistic energy metabolism inhibition and low-temperature photothermal therapy.

Photothermal therapy has been observed to upregulate the heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) expression in tumor cells, consequently diminishing the anti-tumor efficacy of the treatment. The expression of HSP 70 is intricately linked to the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels within tumors, suggesting that modulating energy metabolism could potentially enhance the effectiveness of photothermal therapy. To address these challenges, ATO-QUE-Fe-PVP K30 nanoparticles (AQFP NPs) were synthesized through the coordinated self-assembly of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor atovaquone (ATO) and the glycolysis inhibitor quercetin (QUE) with ferrous ions (Fe) for synergetic energy depletion and low-temperature photothermal therapy (LTPTT).

Synergistic effects of oleanolic acid and curcumin nanoparticles in gastric ulcer prevention.

Gastric ulcers (GC) are prevalent gastrointestinal disorders with complex etiologies, including Helicobacter pylori infection and prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Curcumin (CUR), with its established anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, is limited in clinical application due to poor bioavailability. This study developed oleanolic acid-coated CUR nanoparticles (OC NPs) to enhance the efficacy of CUR in GC prevention.

Glutaminase-responsive nano-carrier for precise rejuvenation of senescent cells by restoring autophagy in chronic kidney disease treatment.

Cellular senescence disrupts tissue homeostasis and diminishes physiological integrity, leading to the accumulation of senescent cells (SCs) in multiple senescence-associated diseases such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). Treatment of SCs has been approved to be a feasible approach to these diseases. However, curing SCs in different cell types remains challenging.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel aminopyrimidine derivatives as EGFR inhibitors.

The treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is significantly challenged by the development of acquired resistance to third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, such as Osimertinib, which limits their therapeutic efficacy. Using the EGFR inhibitor Brigatinib as a reference compound, we designed and synthesized 24 target compounds with aminopyrimidine as the core structure. Among these, the representative compound IIB-5 demonstrated potent inhibition of EGFR, achieving an IC value of 18.

Investigation of self-regulation mechanisms of extracellular organic matters in reused medium on Spirulina platensis.

Recirculating the cultivation medium of Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) enables efficient water and nutrient recycling, thereby reducing production costs. To figure out the inhibition components of the reused medium and cell oxidate response, this study delves into the metabolic regulation of the reused medium and its extracted organic matters (OMs) and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) on S.

Impacts of hydraulic retention time on organic removal in treating liquor wastewater via algal-bacterial granular sludge.

This study optimized hydraulic retention time (HRT) to improve p-cresol and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and promote algal-bacterial granular sludge (ABGS) formation in Chinese fermented liquor wastewater treatment. At an HRT of 4 h, no granules formed in the sequential batch reactor, and after 30 days, the removal efficiencies were low for both COD (58.5 %) and p-cresol (21.

Algae-based biotransformation of COVID-19 antiviral ribavirin: Insight on metabolic effect, wastewater application and biological toxicity.

The escalation of the global viral prevalence and the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has heightened medicine residues and environmental risks. The pioneering study revealed that freshwater microalgae Chlorella sp. SI-50 tolerated the antiviral ribavirin (RBV) ranging in 1-5 mg/L, notable inhibition was observed at 10 mg/L.

The role of retinal pigment epithelial senescence and the potential of senotherapeutics in age-related macular degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of visual impairment in the aging population. Evidence showing the presence of cellular senescence in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of patients with AMD is growing. Senescent RPE play a pivotal role in its pathogenesis.

Genome-wide profiling of polymorphic short tandem repeats and their influence on gene expression and trait variation in diverse rice populations.

Short tandem repeats (STRs) modulate gene expression and contribute to trait variation. However, a systematic evaluation of the genomic characteristics of STRs has not been conducted, and their influence on gene expression in rice remains unclear. Here, we construct a map of 137,629 polymorphic STRs in the rice (Oryza sativa L.

The underlying neurobiological basis of gray matter volume alterations in schizophrenia with auditory verbal hallucinations: A meta-analytic investigation.

Schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) frequently exhibit brain structural alterations, particularly reductions in gray matter volume (GMV).Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the changes is essential for advancing treatment strategies. To address this, a meta-analysis was conducted to identify GMV changes in schizophrenia patients with AVH and their associations with gene expression and neurotransmitter receptor profiles.

Activating Wnt1/β-Catenin signaling pathway to restore Otx2 expression in the dopaminergic neurons of ventral midbrain.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the world's second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Currently, aside from levodopa, there are no other effective drugs clinically available to slow its progression. Otx2 plays a critical role in the differentiation of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDANs) during midbrain development.

Role of Cr(VI) in the efficient removal of Cd(II) from aqueous solutions using FeS in a Cd(II)/Cr(VI) binary system.

In this study, the synthesized magnetic greigite (FeS) was utilized to simultaneously eliminate Cd(II) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The removal efficiency (96.6%) of Cd(II) in the binary (Cd(II)/Cr(VI)) system was superior to that (79.

Gender-specific effects of prenatal polystyrene nanoparticle exposure on offspring lung development.

Nanoplastics are widely present in the environment. Exposure to environmental pollutants during pregnancy can have adverse effects on fetal development and health. Establishing a link between nanoplastics and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) requires further investigation.

Emerging importance of m6A modification in liver cancer and its potential therapeutic role.

Liver cancer refers to malignant tumors that form in the liver and is usually divided into several types, the most common of which is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which originates in liver cells. Other rare types of liver cancer include intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). m6A modification is a chemical modification of RNA that usually manifests as the addition of a methyl group to adenine in the RNA molecule to form N6-methyladenosine.

New insights into cancer immune checkpoints landscape from single-cell RNA sequencing.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy represents a pivotal advancement in tumor immunotherapy by restoring the cytotoxic lymphocytes' anti-tumor activity through the modulation of immune checkpoint functions. Nevertheless, many patients experience suboptimal therapeutic outcomes, likely due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, drug resistance, and other factors. Single-cell RNA sequencing has assisted to precisely investigate the immune infiltration patterns before and after ICB treatment, enabling a high-resolution depiction of previously unrecognized functional interaction among immune checkpoints.

Reevaluating the Role of Pou3f1 in Striatal Development: Evidence from Transgenic Mouse Models.

The striatum, a critical component of the basal ganglia, is essential for motor control, cognitive processing, and emotional regulation. Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are the primary neuronal population in the striatum, classified into D1 and D2 subtypes. The transcription factor Pou3f1 has been hypothesized to play a crucial role in the development of pyramidal neurons.

Associations between major depressive disorders and Parkinson's Disease and impact of their comorbidity sequence.

Background: The comorbidity of major depressive disorder (MDD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) were prevalent and has a profound impact on patients. However, whether this comorbidity results from specific pathological processes or a mutual cause-and-effect relationship was largely controversial. Additionally, although MDD can appear before or after PD, the health impact of the comorbidity sequence is poorly understood.

The effects of sexual orientation and adverse childhood experiences on short sleep duration: Evidence from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS).

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with an increased risk of short sleep duration in adulthood. This study aims to explore the relationship between sexual orientation, ACEs and short sleep duration.

Methods: 61,323 adults from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were included in this study.