Accumulation of advanced oxidative protein products exacerbate satellite glial cells activation and neuropathic pain.

Background: Neuropathic pain (NP) is a debilitating condition caused by lesion or dysfunction in the somatosensory nervous system. Accumulation of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) is implicated in mechanical hyperalgesia. However, the effects of AOPPs on NP remain unclear.

Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets Incorporated Hierarchical Hydrogen Bonding Polymer Networks for Transparent and Fire-Proof Ceramizable Coatings.

In recent decades, annual urban fire incidents, including those involving ancient wooden buildings burned, transportation, and solar panels, have increased, leading to significant loss of human life and property. Addressing this issue without altering the surface morphology or interfering with optical behavior of flammable materials poses a substantial challenge. Herein, we present a transparent, low thickness, ceramifiable nanosystem coating composed of a highly adhesive base (poly(SSS-co-HEMA)), nanoscale layered double hydroxide sheets as ceramic precursors, and supramolecular melamine di-borate as an accelerator.

Genetic Improvement of rice Grain size Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System.

Rice grain size influences both grain yield and quality, making it a significant target for rice genetic improvement. In recent years, numerous genes related to grain size with differential effects have been cloned. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene editing system is a convenient tool for modifying genes.

The protection of UCK2 protein stability by GART maintains pyrimidine salvage synthesis for HCC growth under glucose limitation.

Overexpression of uridine-cytidine kinase 2 (UCK2), a key enzyme in the pyrimidine salvage pathway, is implicated in human cancer development, while its regulation under nutrient stress remains to be investigated. Here, we show that under glucose limitation, AMPK phosphorylates glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GART) at Ser440, and this modification facilitates its interaction with UCK2. Through its binding to UCK2, GART generates tetrahydrofolate (THF) and thus inhibits the activity of integrin-linked kinase associated phosphatase (ILKAP) for removing AKT1-mediated UCK2-Ser254 phosphorylation under glucose limitation, in which dephosphorylation of UCK2-Ser254 tends to cause Trim21-mediated UCK2 polyubiquitination and degradation.

Human breast milk-derived exosomes and their positive role on neonatal intestinal health.

Although the role of breast milk in promoting neonatal growth and maintaining intestinal homeostasis is well established, underlying mechanisms by which it protects the intestine from damage remain to be elucidated. Human breast milk-derived exosomes (HMDEs) are newly discovered active signaling vesicles with a diameter of 30-150 nm, which are key carriers of biological information exchange between mother and child. In addition, due to their ability to cross the gastrointestinal barrier, low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility and stability, HMDEs play an important role in regulating intestinal barrier integrity in newborns.

Empowering wastewater treatment with step scheme heterojunction ternary nanocomposites for photocatalytic degradation of nitrophenol.

The ongoing challenge of water pollution necessitates innovative approaches to remove organic contaminants from wastewater. In this work, new two-dimensional S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts BiO/CdS and MoS/BiO/CdS that are intended for the effective photocatalytic destruction of 4-nitrophenol, a dangerous organic pollutant, are synthesized and characterized. Utilizing a solvothermal method, successfully generated these ternary nanocomposites, which were characterized through various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high resolution transmission electronmicroscopy (HRTEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Telle (BET) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS).

London dispersion forces and steric effects within nanocomposites tune interaction energies and chain conformation.

The interplay between attractive London dispersion forces and steric effects due to repulsive forces resulting from the Pauli principle often determines the geometry and stability of nanostructures. Aromatic polyimides (PI) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) were chosen as building blocks as two components in the hetero delocalized electron nanostructures. Two PIs, having the same diamine part and different linkage substituents between two phenyl rings of dianhydride part, one linked with ether bond (C-O-C) (OPI), the other with C-(CF3)2 (FPI), were investigated.

Herb-disease association prediction model based on network consistency projection.

A growing number of biological and clinical reports indicate the usefulness of herbs in the treatment of complex human diseases, giving an essential supplement for modern medicine. Similar to drugs, the use of experimental validation to identify related diseases of given herbs is both expensive and time-consuming. Such validation is even more difficult because each herb always contains several components.

Towards evaluating and building versatile large language models for medicine.

In this study, we present MedS-Bench, a comprehensive benchmark to evaluate large language models (LLMs) in clinical contexts, MedS-Bench, spanning 11 high-level clinical tasks. We evaluate nine leading LLMs, e.g.

Mechano-gated iontronic piezomemristor for temporal-tactile neuromorphic plasticity.

In bioneuronal systems, the synergistic interaction between mechanosensitive piezo channels and neuronal synapses can convert and transmit pressure signals into complex temporal plastic pulses with excitatory and inhibitory features. However, existing artificial tactile neuromorphic systems struggle to replicate the elaborate temporal plasticity observed between excitatory and inhibitory features in biological systems, which is critical for the biomimetic processing and memorizing of tactile information. Here we demonstrate a mechano-gated iontronic piezomemristor with programmable temporal-tactile plasticity.

Experimental study and field application of hydraulic flushing technology in soft coal seam.

To enhance the safety of coal mining operations and improve the efficiency of gas extraction, hydraulic flushing technology has been widely used in low permeability coal seams. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of hydraulic flushing by conducting experiments focusing on four aspects: sample strength, punching pressure, punching position and vibration direction. The results show that an increase in hydraulic flushing pressure leads to a deeper impact groove, whereas higher sample strength results in a shallower groove.

Chain-mediated effect of physical activity between Chinese language-based L2 motivational self-system and intended effort.

The L2 Motivational Self System (L2MSS) determines an individual's motivation in second language learning and influences the learning experience and intended effort. Although physical activity (PA) has been shown to enhance academic efficacy, the role of PA in whether it promotes second language learning efficacy has not been elucidated. Therefore, the present study examined PA as a mediator and explored its ameliorative effects in L2MSS.

Remaining useful life prediction of lithium-ion batteries using a novel particle flow filter framework with grey model.

Remaining useful life (RUL) prediction is a crucial aspect of the prognostics health management of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Owing to the influence of resampling technology, particle degradation is often observed in the particle filter-based RUL prediction of LIBs, resulting in a low prediction accuracy and large uncertainty. In this paper, a novel particle flow filter with the grey model method (GM-PFF) is proposed to forecast the RUL and state of health of batteries.

A dataset of forest regrowth in globally key deforestation regions.

Deforestation-induced forest loss largely affects both the carbon budget and ecosystem services. Subsequent forest regrowth plays a crucial role in ecosystem restoration and carbon replenishment. However, there is an absence of comprehensive datasets explicitly delineating the forest regrowth following deforestation.

Dynamic structural characteristics and vibration susceptibility of Tongren loess under the influence of water content and confining pressure.

Loess is extensively developed on both sides of the Longwu River, a tributary of the Yellow River, Tongren County, Qinghai Province. The engineering geological characteristics are complex, and landslide disasters are highly developed. Based on field geological surveys and physical property analysis of the loess in this area, this study analyzes the influence of water content, consolidation pressure, and soil disturbance on the dynamic characteristics of loess using GDS dynamic triaxial tests.

Preparation of curcumin submicron particles by supercritical antisolvent method with external adjustable annular gap nozzle.

The supercritical antisolvent (SAS) method can effectively improve the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, the current supercritical equipment and processes were not fully developed, making industrialization difficult to achieve. Therefore, an externally adjustable annular gap nozzle and its supporting equipment were designed.

Rescue RM/CS-AKI by blocking strategy with one-dose anti-myoglobin RabMAb.

Rhabdomyolysis or Crush syndrome-related AKI (RM/CS-AKI) has high mortality, and there is no effective early on-site treatment method. The critical pathogenic factor of RM/CS-AKI is the excessive free myoglobin (Mb) in blood circulation. Here, based on the concept of creating a "mobile barrier", we develop an anti-Mb rabbit monoclonal antibody (RabMAb) with high specificity, affinity, stability, and broad species reactivity.

Water-regulated viscosity-plasticity phase transitions in a peptide self-assembled muscle-like hydrogel.

The self-assembly of small molecules through non-covalent interactions is an emerging and promising strategy for building dynamic, stable, and large-scale structures. One remaining challenge is making the non-covalent interactions occur in the ideal positions to generate strength comparable to that of covalent bonds. This work shows that small molecule YAWF can self-assemble into a liquid-crystal hydrogel (LCH), the mechanical properties of which could be controlled by water.

Disorder-induced enhancement of lithium-ion transport in solid-state electrolytes.

Enhancing the ion conduction in solid electrolytes is critically important for the development of high-performance all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Lithium thiophosphates are among the most promising solid electrolytes, as they exhibit superionic conductivity at room temperature. However, the lack of comprehensive understanding of their ion conduction mechanism, especially the effect of structural disorder on ionic conductivity, is a long-standing problem that limits further innovations in all-solid-state LIBs.

Inverse design of promising electrocatalysts for CO reduction via generative models and bird swarm algorithm.

Directly generating material structures with optimal properties is a long-standing goal in material design. Traditional generative models often struggle to efficiently explore the global chemical space, limiting their utility to localized space. Here, we present a framework named Material Generation with Efficient Global Chemical Space Search (MAGECS) that addresses this challenge by integrating the bird swarm algorithm and supervised graph neural networks, enabling effective navigation of generative models in the immense chemical space towards materials with target properties.

Modulation of Co spin state at CoO crystalline-amorphous interfaces for CO oxidation and NO decomposition.

Modulation of electronic spin states in cobalt-based catalysts is an effective strategy for molecule activations. Crystalline-amorphous interfaces often exhibit unique catalytic properties due to disruptions of long-range order and alterations in electronic structure. However, the mechanisms of molecule activation and spin states at interfaces remain elusive.

Long-term reconstructed vegetation index dataset in China from fused MODIS and Landsat data.

The vegetation index is a key satellite-based variable used to monitor global vegetation distribution and growth. However, existing vegetation index datasets face limitations in achieving both high spatial and temporal resolution, restricting their application potential. This study revised a machine learning spatiotemporal fusion model (InENVI) to produce a high-resolution NDVI dataset with 8-day temporal and 30 m spatial resolution, covering China from 2001 to 2020.

Single soliton microcomb combined with optical phased array for parallel FMCW LiDAR.

The frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) technology combined with optical phased array (OPA) is promising for the all-solid-state light detection and ranging (LiDAR). We propose and experimentally demonstrate a silicon integrated OPA combined with an optical frequency microcomb for parallel LiDAR system. For realizing the parallel wavelengths emission consistent with Rayleigh criterion, the wide waveguide beyond single mode region combined with the bound state in the continuum (BIC) effect is harnessed to obtain an ultra-long optical grating antenna array.

Crucial role of subsurface ocean variability in tropical cyclone genesis.

The upper ocean provides thermal energy to tropical cyclones. However, the impacts of the subsurface ocean on tropical cyclogenesis have been largely overlooked. Here, we show that the subsurface variabilities associated with the variation in the 26 °C isothermal depth have pronounced impacts on tropical cyclogenesis over global oceans.

Deciphering the Ligand-Binding Site in a DNA Aptamer Targeting Deoxynivalenol.

Food safety is one of the primary demands of modern society. Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites of food-contaminating fungi. Fungi enter the food chain by infecting crops and irreversibly contaminate them due to the structural stability of mycotoxins.