Investigating visual perception abilities in flight cadets: the crucial role of the lingual gyrus and precuneus.

Introduction: In aviation, exceptional visual perception is crucial for pilots to monitor flight instruments and respond swiftly to deviations, as well as make rapid judgments regarding environmental changes, ensuring aviation safety. However, existing research on pilots' visual perception has predominantly focused on behavioral observations, with limited exploration of the neurophysiological mechanisms involved.

Methods: This study aimed to investigate the brain activity associated with the visual perception capabilities of flight cadets.

The characteristics of brain function alterations in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome across varying symptom severities evaluated by NIH-CPSI.

Background: Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a prevalent condition in urology characterized by chronic pain. The pathogenesis of CP/CPPS remains unclear.

Methods: We enrolled 45 eligible CP/CPPS patients and 45 healthy volunteers.

Chronic unpredictable mild stress induces anxiety-like behavior in female C57BL/6N mice, accompanied by alterations in inflammation and the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism.

Chronic stress can impact brain function through various mechanisms, contributing to the development of anxiety disorders. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) is a well-established model for studying the effects of chronic stress. This study assessed the impacts of different durations of CUMS on anxiety-like behavior, inflammation, and tryptophan metabolism in female C57BL/6N mice.

Mapping the landscape of vitamin D in cancer studies: a systematic global investigation.

Purpose: This comprehensive study examines the multifaceted relationship between vitamin D and cancer, synthesizing key scientific advancements and global research trends to guide future investigations and address critical gaps in the field.

Methods: Publications on vitamin D and cancer were retrieved from Scopus up to November 2024. English-language original and review articles were analyzed using Excel, VOSviewer, and Scimago Graphica, focusing on publication trends, citation impacts, and research themes.

Conservative approach to a rare case of persistent sciatic artery with iatrogenic femoral arteriovenous fistula: a case report.

Persistent sciatic artery (PSA) is a rare anatomic variant disease with an incidence of approximately 0.025%-0.05% it is considered to be an axial congenital vascular malformation, which may be related to the failure of sciatic artery degeneration and iliofemoral artery dysplasia.

Multimodal Metaverse Healthcare: A Collaborative Representation and Adaptive Fusion Approach for Generative Artificial-Intelligence-Driven Diagnosis.

The metaverse enables immersive virtual healthcare environments, presenting opportunities for enhanced care delivery. A key challenge lies in effectively combining multimodal healthcare data and generative artificial intelligence abilities within metaverse-based healthcare applications, which is a problem that needs to be addressed. This paper proposes a novel multimodal learning framework for metaverse healthcare, MMLMH, based on collaborative intra- and intersample representation and adaptive fusion.

The differential effects of integrase strand transfer inhibitors and efavirenz on neuropsychiatric conditions and brain imaging in HIV-positive men who have sex with men.

Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) have emerged as the first-line choice for treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection due to their superior efficacy and safety. However, the impact of INSTIs on the development of neuropsychiatric conditions in people living with HIV (PLWH) is not fully understood due to limited data. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional examination of PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy, with a specific focus on HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) on INSTI-based regimens (n = 61) and efavirenz (EFV)-based regimens (n = 28).

Automated robot and artificial intelligence-powered wastewater surveillance for proactive mpox outbreak prediction.

In the wake of the largest-ever recorded outbreak of mpox in terms of magnitude and geographical spread in human history since May 2022, we innovatively developed an automated online sewage virus enrichment and concentration robot for disease tracking. Coupled with an artificial intelligence (AI) model, our research aims to estimate mpox cases based on the concentration of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) in wastewater. Our research has revealed a compelling link between the levels of MPXV in wastewater and the number of clinically confirmed mpox infections, a finding that is reinforced by the ability of our AI prediction model to forecast cases with remarkable precision, capturing 87 % of the data's variability.

A secure visualization platform for pathogenic genome analysis with an accurate reference database.

Investigating the genetic and developmental characteristics, infection transmission attributes, and epidemiological trends of pathogens using genomic data represents the foundation for pathogen surveillance and is a crucial prerequisite for guaranteeing global health security. To meet the analytical demands of research relating to pathogen prevention and control, we designed a secure visualization system capable of pathogen genome assembly, annotation, species identification, sequence typing, antibiotic resistance and virulence analysis, genomic mobile element and transferable resistance gene annotation, and phylogenetic tree reconstruction. For highly pathogenic organisms requiring complete data protection, we have developed a secure computing tool that utilizes a trusted execution environment, is combined with blockchain and privacy computing technologies, and is specifically designed for nucleotide basic local alignment search tool (BLASTn) comparison analysis.

Establishment of the benchmarking tool for evaluating the operation of biorepositories for pathogenic resource using a modified Delphi method.

In recent years, as the infectious diseases caused by pathogens such as novel coronavirus and mpox (formerly called monkeypox) spread globally, the significance of identification, preservation, and sharing of pathogenic resources become prominent. Along with the rapid development of biorepositories, it is imperative to evaluate their operation in a scientific manner. By using the literature review and modified Delphi method, this study develops a benchmarking tool for the comprehensive evaluation of the operation of biorepositories for pathogenic resources.

Cyberbiosecurity: Advancements in DNA-based information security.

Synthetic biology is a crucial component of the "cyber-biological revolution" in this new industrial revolution. Owing to breakthroughs in synthetic biology, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the storehouse of hereditary material in biological systems, can now be used as a medium for storage (synthesis) and reading (sequencing) of information. However, integrating synthetic biology with computerization has also caused cyberbiosecurity concerns, encompassing biosecurity and information security issues.

An online survey among convalescents 5 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection in China.

The effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection persist months and years after recovery. We conducted an online survey to assess the health condition of convalescents approximately 5 months following the primary infection of SARS-CoV-2. The study recruited 5,510 individuals who were primary infected, 626 participants who had experienced reinfection, and 521 participants who were without infective history.

Relationship between climatic factors and the flea index of two plague hosts in Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Climatic factors are closely associated with the occurrence of vector-borne diseases, and they also influence the distribution of vectors. The occurrence of plague is closely related to the population dynamics of fleas and their host animals, as well as climatic conditions. This study focused on Xilingol League, utilizing climatic and flea index data from 2012 to 2021.

Data Note: Alternative Name Encodings - Using Jyutping or Pinyin as tonal representations of Chinese names for data linkage.

Accurate data linkage across large administrative databases is crucial for addressing complex research and policy questions, yet linkage errors-stemming from inconsistent name representations-can introduce biases, predominantly for names not given in English. This data note examines the impact of romanisation on linkage accuracy, focusing on Chinese names and comparing standardised systems (Jyutping and Pinyin) with the non-standardised Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation (HKG-romanisation). We identify three primary issues: language-specific variations in romanisation, the loss of tonal information inherent to tonal languages, and discrepancies in name order conventions.

Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Attenuates Experimental Periodontitis in Mice Partly by Delivering miRNAs.

Introduction: Periodontitis is the most common non-communicable disease in humans. The main challenge in the treatment of periodontitis is to effectively control periodontal inflammation and promote tissue repair. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (hucMSCs-exo) have been reported to modulate inflammatory responses and promote tissue repairment mainly through miRNAs in several diseases.

Effects of different exercises on improving gait performance in patients with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Objective: Gait disorder represents a characteristic symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), and exercise has been established as an effective intervention for gait management in PD. However, the relative efficacy of various exercise types in improving gait among PD patients remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of different movement-based interventions in enhancing gait for individuals with PD through a network meta-analysis.

Parkin characteristics and blood biomarkers of Parkinson's disease in WPBLC study.

Background: The exact mechanisms of PD are unclear, but Parkin-mediated mitophagy dysfunction is believed to play a key role. We investigated whether blood levels of Parkin and other biomarkers are linked to the risk of developing PD.

Methods: Baseline blood measures of Parkin and other biomarkers, including Homocysteine, carcinoembryonic antigen, Urea, total proteins, total cholesterol, creatine kinase, and albumin, were collected from 197 clinically diagnosed Parkinson's disease participants and 107 age-matched healthy controls in Wenzhou Parkinson's Biomarkers and Living Characteristics study.

Association between atherogenic index of plasma and cognitive impairment in middle-aged and older adults: results from CHARLS.

Background: The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) has been proposed as a novel biomarker predictor for dyslipidemia and has been linked to various diseases. In this study, we explored the relationship between AIP levels and cognitive impairment in a middle-aged and older population.

Methods: This study utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) for 7,918 individuals aged 45 and older.

Protective and risk factors in daily life associated with cognitive decline of older adults.

Background: Cognitive decline is a chronic condition which is characterized by a loss of the ability to remember, learn, and pay attention to complex tasks. Many older people are now suffering from cognitive decline, which decreases life quality and leads to disability. This study aimed to identify the risk and protective factors for cognitive decline of the older people from daily life and establish a predictive model using logistic regression.

Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveals the mechanisms of function loss of leaf rust resistance gene at high temperatures in wheat.

Leaf rust (LR) is one of the most common diseases of wheat. The resistance gene provides wide resistance to LR, but loses its function under high temperatures. Despite the importance of this gene, the mechanism of resistance is unclear.

Genome-wide analysis of family genes in and the role of in copper, zinc tolerance.

12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase (OPR) is one of the key enzymes in the octadecanoid pathway, and it controls the last step of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis. Although multiple isoforms and functions of s have been identified in various plants, no genes have been identified, and their possible roles in grapevine development and defense mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, nine genes were identified from grapevine genome and classified into two subfamilies.

Impact of straw return on greenhouse gas emissions from maize fields in China: meta-analysis.

Introduction: An increase in the amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere causes global warming, and >14% of all GHG emissions come from agricultural activities. The three primary atmospheric GHGs are CO, CH, and NO; therefore, regulating GHG emissions from agroecosystems is important for global climate management. Straw return is an environmentally friendly agricultural practice that positively affects crop production and soil fertility.

Functional analysis and interaction networks of Rboh in poplar under abiotic stress.

Introduction: Plant respiratory burst oxidase homologs (Rbohs) are essential in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and play critical roles in plant stress responses. Despite their importance, Rbohs in poplar species remain under-explored, especially in terms of their characteristics and functional diversity across different species within the same genus.

Methods: In this study, we employed bioinformatics methods to identify 62 Rboh genes across five poplar species.

Nondestructive estimation of leaf chlorophyll content in banana based on unmanned aerial vehicle hyperspectral images using image feature combination methods.

Introduction: Nondestructive quantification of leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) of banana and its spatial distribution across growth stages from remotely sensed data provide an effective avenue to diagnose nutritional deficiency and guide management practices. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) hyperspectral imagery can document abundant texture features (TFs) and spectral information in a field experiment due to the high spatial and spectral resolutions. However, the benefits of using the fine spatial resolution accessible from UAV data for estimating LCC for banana have not been adequately quantified.

Clinical Effects of Distal Phalanges and Nail Bed Fusion in Type III Thumb Duplication.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the clinical effects of bone fusion distal to the phalangeal epiphyseal plate in treating asymmetrical type III thumb polydactyly, focusing on growth and scar healing.

Methods: In patients with asymmetrical type III thumb syndactyly, the proximal phalanx of the accessory finger, distal epiphyseal plate, and some soft tissue were excised to create a pedicled tissue flap. This flap, containing part of the nail and bone distal to the epiphyseal plate, was subsequently attached to the distal segment of the main finger.