Triazination/IEDDA Cascade Modular Strategy Installing Pyridines/Pyrimidines onto Tyrosine Enables Peptide Screening and Optimization.

Modular chemical postmodification of peptides is a promising strategy that supports the optimization and innovation of hit peptide therapeutics by enabling rapid derivatization. However, current methods are primarily limited to traditional bio-orthogonal strategies and chemical ligation techniques, which require the preintroduction of non-natural amino acids and impose fixed methods that limit peptide diversity. Here, we developed the Tyrosine-1,2,3-Triazine Ligation (YTL) strategy, which constructs novel linkages (pyridine and pyrimidine) through a "one-pot, two-step" process combining SAr and IEDDA reactions, promoting modular post modification of Tyr-containing peptides.

Sulfur Lone Pairs Open Avenues for π* → n Orange-to-Red TADF and OLEDs.

It is always important and fascinating to explore new organic emitters that exploit unconventional pathways to unveil their emission with unique properties, such as thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). In this study, we report that the rarely explored sulfur lone pair (n) is a promising alternative, where the correlated π* → n emission can be used to attain strong TADF and thus practical OLEDs. The designed strategy incorporates several key concepts (Figure 1a), in which the persulfide aromatic spirocycle enhances spin-orbit coupling, thereby increasing the intersystem crossing rate.

Recent advances in immunotherapy targeting amyloid-beta and tauopathies in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease, a devastating neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by progressive cognitive decline, primarily due to amyloid-beta protein deposition and tau protein phosphorylation. Effectively reducing the cytotoxicity of amyloid-beta42 aggregates and tau oligomers may help slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Conventional drugs, such as donepezil, can only alleviate symptoms and are not able to prevent the underlying pathological processes or cognitive decline.

Electroacupuncture for the treatment of ischemic stroke: a preclinical meta-analysis and systematic review.

Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and electroacupuncture has a long history of use in stroke treatment. This meta-analysis and systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of electroacupuncture and explore its potential mechanisms in animal models of ischemic stroke. The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and CINAHL databases were comprehensively searched up to May 1, 2024.

Chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI for neurodegenerative diseases: an update on clinical and preclinical studies.

Chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging is an advanced imaging technique that enables the detection of compounds at low concentrations with high sensitivity and spatial resolution and has been extensively studied for diagnosing malignancy and stroke. In recent years, the emerging exploration of chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging for detecting pathological changes in neurodegenerative diseases has opened up new possibilities for early detection and repetitive scans without ionizing radiation. This review serves as an overview of chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging with detailed information on contrast mechanisms and processing methods and summarizes recent developments in both clinical and preclinical studies of chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Huntington's disease.

Roles of central nervous system resident and recruited macrophages in the brain barrier system.

Macrophages in the brain barrier system include microglia in the brain parenchyma, border-associated macrophages at the brain's borders, and recruited macrophages. They are responsible for neural development, maintenance of homeostasis, and orchestrating immune responses. With the rapid exploitation and development of new technologies, there is a deeper understanding of macrophages in the brain barrier system.

Opportunities and challenges of immuno-oncology: A bibliometric analysis from 2014 to 2023.

The emergence of immuno-oncology (IO) has led to revolutionary changes in the field of cancer treatment. Despite notable advancements in this field, a thorough exploration of its full depth and extent has yet to be performed. This study provides a comprehensive overview of publications pertaining to IO.

Multi-target neural circuit reconstruction and enhancement in spinal cord injury.

After spinal cord injury, impairment of the sensorimotor circuit can lead to dysfunction in the motor, sensory, proprioceptive, and autonomic nervous systems. Functional recovery is often hindered by constraints on the timing of interventions, combined with the limitations of current methods. To address these challenges, various techniques have been developed to aid in the repair and reconstruction of neural circuits at different stages of injury.

Luteolin Mitigates Acute Lung Injury Through Immune Modulation and Antinecroptosis Effects by Targeting the BTK and FLT3 Signaling Pathways.

Overactive immune responses and lung cell damage exacerbate acute lung injury (ALI). Luteolin, a flavonoid commonly found in traditional herbs, shows potential as an anti-ALI agent in pharmacological and clinical research, although its biological mechanism is not fully understood. This study aims to investigate whether luteolin can ameliorate ALI through its immune-modulatory and antinecroptosis mechanisms.

NLRP3 inflammasome and gut microbiota-brain axis: a new perspective on white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most dangerous subtype of stroke, characterized by high mortality and morbidity rates, and frequently leads to significant secondary white matter injury. In recent decades, studies have revealed that gut microbiota can communicate bidirectionally with the brain through the gut microbiota-brain axis. This axis indicates that gut microbiota is closely related to the development and prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage and its associated secondary white matter injury.

Effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccine against laboratory-confirmed influenza in elderly Chinese patients with diabetes: A test-negative design case-control study.

Vaccination coverage for influenza among diabetic populations remains suboptimal. Various factors contribute to this low vaccination rate, with a prominent issue being skepticism among potential vaccine recipients regarding vaccine effectiveness. We conducted a retrospective test-negative case-control study among diabetic patients aged 60 years and older in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China, spanning for four influenza seasons from 2018-19 to 2021-22.

Adiponectin as a potential mediator of the pro-cognitive effects of physical exercise on Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease is the primary cause of dementia and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden globally. Physical exercise, as an effective strategy for improving general health, has been largely reported for its effectiveness in slowing neurodegeneration and increasing brain functional plasticity, particularly in aging brains. However, the underlying mechanisms of exercise in cognitive aging remain largely unclear.

All-Fiber Multicomponent Gas Raman Probe Based on Platinum-Coated Capillary Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.

This paper presents a compact all-fiber multicomponent gas Raman probe using a dual-fiber architecture within a platinum-coated capillary. The probe eliminates the need for conventional optical components like filters and dichroic mirrors by strategically employing metal coating on the excitation fiber's surface to suppress interference signals. A detailed analysis of the silica Raman signal and fluorescence propagation within the system facilitated this design.

Zwitterionic Hydrogels: From Synthetic Design to Biomedical Applications.

Zwitterionic hydrogels have emerged as a highly promising class of biomaterials, attracting considerable attention due to their unique properties and diverse biomedical applications. Zwitterionic moieties, with their balanced positive and negative charges, endow hydrogels with exceptional hydration, resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption, and low immunogenicity due to their distinctive molecular structure. These properties facilitate various biomedical applications, such as medical device coatings, tissue engineering, drug delivery, and biosensing.

A Reliable High-Performance Floating-Gate Transistor Based on ZrS Native Oxidation for Optoelectronic Synergistic Artificial Synapses.

Floating-gate transistors (FGTs), considered the most promising structure among three-terminal van der Waals (vdW) synaptic transistors, possess superiorities in improved data retention, excellent endurance properties, and multibit storage capacity, thereby overcoming the von Neumann bottleneck in conventional computing architectures. However, the dielectric layer in FGT devices typically depends on atomic layer deposition or mechanically transferred insulators, posing several challenges in terms of device compatibility, manufacturing complexity, and performance degradation. Therefore, it is crucial to discover dielectrics compatible with two-dimensional (2D) materials for further simplifying FGT structures and achieving optimal performance.

Risk factor analysis and prediction of multi-organ metastasis in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.

Background: Patients with multiple organ metastases from hepatic alveolar echinococcosis have a high mortality rate. However, predictors of multi-organ metastasis have not been identified. We aimed to develop a nomogram that predicts multi-organ metastasis in patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.

Propionylation of Fis K32 in serovar Typhi: a key modification affecting pathogenicity.

Aim: This study aims to explore the role of propionylation at the K32 residue of the global regulator Fis in serovar Typhi (. Typhi) and its influence on the pathogenicity of the bacteria.

Materials & Methods: Bacterial strains were cultured in media with sodium propionate supplementation.

A risk prediction model for adult patients with difficult intravenous access.

Background: The challenges posed by difficult intravenous access (DIVA) in clinical treatment are not only related to technical difficulties but also have the potential to affect the quality of patient care and overall experience. It is crucial to adopt effective strategies to address difficult intravenous access. Currently, the assessment of difficult veins largely relies on individual perception and experience, which introduces a significant degree of subjectivity.

Light-based improvement technology for postharvest fruits and vegetables flavor and regulation mechanism: a review.

Fruits and vegetables (FVs) are consumed by humans for the distinctive flavors. Postharvest flavor declines limit its edible and commercial value. Light, as a novel non-thermal technology, is becoming a key strategy for enhancing FVs flavor.

Comparative evaluation of left atrial size in healthy cats measured by two-dimensional echocardiography and cardiovascular MRI.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess left atrial (LA) size in healthy cats using cardiovascular MRI (cMRI) and to compare this with LA size assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography. The hypothesis was that cMRI would accurately determine LA size in domestic cats.

Methods: A prospective comparative study was performed.

Targeting RNA splicing modulation: new perspectives for anticancer strategy?

The excision of introns from pre-mRNA is a crucial process in the expression of the majority of genes. Alternative splicing allows a single gene to generate diverse mRNA and protein products. Aberrant RNA splicing is recognized as a molecular characteristic present in almost all types of tumors.

Drug-related macular edema: a real-world FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database study.

Purpose: This study aims to assess the risks associated with drug-induced macular edema and to examine the epidemiological characteristics of this condition.

Methods: This study analyzed data from the U.S.

The effects of aerobic exercise on goal-directed attention and inhibitory control in individuals with high trait anxiety: an EEG study.

Anxiety is known to significantly impair cognitive function, particularly attentional control. While exercise has been demonstrated to alleviate these cognitive deficits, the precise neural mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. This study examines the effects of exercise on attentional control in individuals with high trait anxiety, based on attentional control theory, which suggests that such individuals have reduced top-down attention.

Factors, characteristics and influences of the changes of muscle activation patterns for patients with knee osteoarthritis: a review.

Background: Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent condition worldwide, significantly diminishing quality of life and productivity. Except for the alignment change, muscle activation patterns (MAP) have garnered increasing attention as another crucial factor contributing to KOA.

Objective: This study explores the factors, characteristics, and effects of MAP changes caused by KOA, providing a neuromuscular-based causal analysis for the rehabilitation treatment of KOA.

Sorbitol induces flavonoid accumulation as a secondary signal via the nanoencapsulated SPc/lncRNA809-MmNAC17 module against Alternaria alternata in Malus micromalus.

Sorbitol is an important primary metabolite that serves as both a carbon source and signal to pathogens. The leaf diseases caused by Alternata alternata are particularly serious in crabapple (Malus micromalus). Here, we found that sorbitol can enhance the resistance of crabapple to A.