Anxiolytic effects of accelerated continuous theta burst stimulation on mice exposed to chronic restraint stress and the underlying mechanism involving gut microbiota.

Background: Accelerated continuous theta burst stimulation (acTBS) is a more intensive and rapid protocol than continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS). However, it remains uncertain whether acTBS exhibits anxiolytic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of acTBS on anxiety model mice and elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved, in order to provide a more comprehensive understanding of its effects.

Uncovering the chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulatory network governing cold stress responses in fish immune cells.

Temperature fluctuations challenge ectothermic species, particularly tropical fish dependent on external temperatures for physiological regulation. However, the molecular mechanisms through which low-temperature stress impacts immune responses in these species, especially in relation to chromatin accessibility and epigenetic regulation, remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate chromatin and transcriptional changes in the head kidney and thymus tissues of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), a tropical fish of significant economic importance, under cold stress.

KGF impedes TRIM21-enhanced stabilization of keratin 10 mediating differentiation in hypopharyngeal cancer.

KGF, also known as FGF7, is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family that binds with high affinity to the FGF receptor 2b (FGFR2b) and regulates various cellular processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation in a variety of tumors. However, its potential role in hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC) remains largely unknown. In our study, we observed increased expression of FGFR2b in HPC.

SRF and CBP jointly regulate integrin β6 overexpression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.

Overexpression of integrin β6 (ITGB6) is crucially linked to the invasion and metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The molecular mechanisms driving ITGB6 upregulation in HNSCC are not well understood. Our study comprehensively analyzed the transcriptional regulation and epigenetic modification mechanisms affecting ITGB6 transcription.

Unravelling biotic and abiotic mechanisms of mature compost to alleviate gaseous emissions in kitchen waste composting by metagenomic analysis.

Mature compost can reduce gaseous emissions in composting, but its regulation mechanisms via biotic and abiotic functions are largely unknown. This study used fresh and inactivated mature compost as additives in kitchen waste composting to unveil the relevant mechanisms using metagenomic analysis. Results showed that mature compost reduce gaseous emission by improving physiochemical properties and inoculating functional microbes.

Recent advances in the nitrogen cycle involving actinomycetes: Current situation, prospect and challenge.

Actinomycetes are essential for sustaining the ecosystem's nitrogen balance and stimulating plant development. In contrast, existing detection and culture techniques for actinomycetes are still limited, making it difficult to fully assess their role in the nitrogen cycle. This review emphasized the advantages of actinomycetes in ecological restoration, outlined the current status and challenges of research on nitrogen cycling by actinomycetes.

Promoting synergy among environmental and economic performances in food waste treatment by optimizing biogas residue management practices.

Improper management of biogas residue (BR) can reduce sustainability in the food waste treatment industry. To address this issue, a comprehensive evaluation framework, based on emergy analysis, carbon emissions and economic analysis, is proposed in this study, to explore how different BR disposal practices affect the comprehensive performance of the industry. A food waste treatment plant in Henan Province, China (anaerobic digestion (AD) + BR landfilling: Scenario 1 [S1]), and two alternative scenarios (S2: AD + BR incineration; S3: AD + BR composting) are investigated as a case study.

Enhancing humification in high-temperature composting: Insights from endogenous and exogenous heating strategies.

Livestock manure is difficult to manage for high moisture and nutrients. High-temperature composting (> 75 °C) reduces moisture. However, the humification process, crucial for nutrient recycling, remains poorly understood.

Vagotomy suppresses food intake by increasing GLP-1 secretion via the M3 AChR-AMPKα pathway in mice.

Objective: The gut-brain axis (GBA) is involved in the modulation of multiple physiological activities, and the vagus nerve plays an important role in this process. However, the association between vagus nerve function and nutritional regulation remains unclear. Here, we explored changes in the nutritional status of mice after vagotomy and investigated the underlying mechanisms responsible for these changes.

Loss of chemerin prevents ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis formation in mice through intraosseous vascular remodeling.

Chemerin, an adipocyte-secreted adipokine, can regulate bone resorption and bone formation and is a promising therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, the effect of endogenous chemerin on intraosseous vascular remodeling in postmenopausal osteoporosis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of chemerin on osteogenesis formation and intraosseous vascular remodeling in ovariectomized Rarres2 knockout (Rarres2) mice.

Astaxanthin-loaded polylactic acid-glycolic acid nanoparticles alleviates atherosclerosis by suppressing macrophage ferroptosis via the NRF2/SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway.

Background: Astaxanthin (ASX), a fat-soluble carotenoid mainly sourced from Haematococcus pluvialis, shows promise for clinical applications in chronic inflammatory diseases. This study investigates whether ASX can mitigate atherosclerosis (AS) by modulating macrophage ferroptosis and provides astaxanthin-loaded polylactic acid-glycolic acid nanoparticles (ASX-PLGA NPs) as comparison.

Method: ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet with ASX or statin intervention.

Host-derived Pediococcus acidilactici B49: a promising probiotic for immunomodulation and disease control in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).

Finding effective alternatives to antibiotics is crucial for sustainable aquaculture. Host-derived probiotics have great potential as a promising alternative to antibiotics for immune regulation and disease control in fish farming. However, limited research exists regarding the application of native probiotics in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).

Therapeutic Potential of Shilong Qingxue Granule and Its Extract Against Glutamate Induced Neural Injury: Insights from In Vivo and In Vitro Models.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Shilong Qingxue Granule (SQG), a traditional Chinese medicine, effectively treats the secondary neurological damage and functional deficits caused by cerebral hemorrhage, though its exact mechanism remains unclear.

Aim Of The Study: This study aimed to investigate the effects of SQG and its mechanisms.

Materials And Methods: we evaluated the effects of SQG and its extracts on glutamate induced nerve damage using in vivo and in vitro models.

Huaier inhibits the proliferation and migration of gastrointestinal stromal tumors by regulating the JAK2 / STAT3 signaling pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the digestive tract, often accompanied by a high risk of recurrence and drug resistance. Huaier (Trametes robiniophila Murr), a traditional Chinese medicinal fungus, has demonstrated potent anticancer properties and is widely used as an adjuvant treatment for liver, breast, gastric, colon, and non-small cell lung cancers. However, its effects and molecular mechanisms in GIST remain unclear.

Total saponin extracts of Pseudostellaria heterophylla ameliorates meibomian gland dysfunction through SCD1/SPT1/ceramide axis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Tài Zǐ Shēn, TZS) is a traditional Chinese medicine with spleen and qi benefits. Its immunomodulatory, anti-fatigue, anti-stress, and lipid metabolism regulation effects have been clinically confirmed, but its role in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is still unclear.

Aim Of The Study: This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of action of TZS in treating MGD.

Isolation, culture, and characterization of primary endothelial cells and pericytes from mouse sciatic nerve.

Background: The recovery of injured peripheral nerves relies on angiogenesis, where newly formed blood vessels act as pathways guiding Schwann cells across the wound to support axon regeneration. While some research has examined this process, the specific mechanisms of angiogenesis in peripheral nerve healing remain unclear. In vitro models are vital tools to investigate these mechanisms; however, no current in vitro culture methods exist for isolating vascular cells, such as endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes, specifically from sciatic nerves.

Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Impairment: Key Drivers in Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are critical factors in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The complex interplay between these factors exacerbates neuronal damage and accelerates disease progression. In neurodegenerative diseases, mitochondrial dysfunction impairs ATP production and promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

A Nomogram for Predicting Prognostic Assessment of Traumatic Intracranial Hematoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: This retrospective study aimed to identify key prognostic factors for patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (TICH) and develop a comprehensive nomogram for prognostic assessment.

Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on TICH patients at a single-center hospital from October 2013 to September 2022. Using logistic regression analyses, key prognostic factors for TICH were identified and used to create a predictive nomogram model.

No Difference in Outcomes with Early vs. Late Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Term PROM: A Multi-Center Analysis.

Background: While guidelines suggest administering antibiotics 12 to 18 hours after the rupture of membranes in term premature rupture of membranes (PROM) women, in practice, clinicians tend to initiate prophylactic antibiotics as soon as possible to avoid risk of infection.

Objective: This study aimed to assess whether early administration of prophylactic antibiotics for term premature rupture of membranes reduces the incidence of maternal and neonatal infections.

Study Design: This multi-center, prospective cohort study included women with term premature rupture of membranes.

Aculeanoids A-D, the second 17-nor fusicoccane diterpenoids with immunosuppressive activity from Aspergillus aculeatus.

Chemical investigation on the secondary metabolites of Aspergillus aculeatus led to the identification of ten modified fusicoccane-type diterpenoids aculeanoids A-J (1-10). Their structures and absolute configurations were characterized by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, DP4+ analysis, Mo(OAc)-induced ECD, single-crystal X-ray diffractions, and ECD calculations. Compounds 1-4 belong to a rare class of 17-nor fusicoccane diterpenoids, with only one previously reported example.

Insights into the functional mechanisms of the sesquiterpene synthase GEAS and GERDS in lavender.

Lavenders are economically significant plants cultivated worldwide for their essential oils (EOs) containing sesquiterpenes. These EOs contribute to the cosmetic, personal hygiene, and pharmaceutical industries. The biosynthesis of lavender sesquiterpenes involves enzymes like sesquiterpene synthases GEAS and GERDS.

Fully biobased and robust antibacterial cellulose aerogel for uranium extraction.

Developing efficient adsorbent is imperative for the utilization of uranium resources in seawater. Marine microorganisms and bacteria play an important role in the process of adsorption of uranium. In this work, a completely bio-based antimicrobial aerogel (quaternary cellulose/chitosan aerogel-QCNF/CS) was prepared by cross-linking quaternary cellulose nanofibers (QCNF) and chitosan (CS) via citric acid (CA).

Multi-level fingerprint and immune activity evaluation of polysaccharides from Rhodiola rosea L.

To establish the quality control method of Rhodiola rosea L., the multi-level fingerprinting profile was established. The quality evaluation of Rhodiola rosea L.

Valorization of rapeseed straw through the enhancement of cellulose accessibility, lignin removal and xylan elimination using an n-alkyltrimethylammonium bromide-based deep eutectic solvent.

n-Alkyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-based deep eutectic solvent (DESs) has potential in the efficient delignification and utilization of carbohydrates in biomass. In this research, DESs containing Brønsted acid and Lewis acid were prepared with CTAB (alkyl-chain length 12-18), organic acids and metal chlorides, and the optimal treatment conditions were acquired by pretreatment optimization. Through the pretreatment with TTAB/LCA/Fe (1:4:0.

Chitosan- and sodium alginate-coated dendritic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles improve pesticide adhesion on leaves and enable dual-stimulus-responsive release.

During the application of most conventional pesticides, a significant proportion is lost through rain wash-off and leaf rolling, leading to reduced actual utilization efficiency. In this paper, aminated dendritic mesoporous organosilicon nanoparticles (DMONs-NH) were synthesized via a one-pot method and used as carriers. Carbendazim (CBZ) was then encapsulated within DMONs-NH through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions.