Multi-Omics Research on Angina Pectoris: A Novel Perspective.

Angina pectoris (AP), a clinical syndrome characterized by paroxysmal chest pain, is caused by insufficient blood supply to the coronary arteries and sudden temporary myocardial ischemia and hypoxia. Long-term AP typically induces other cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and heart failure, posing a serious threat to patient safety. However, AP's complex pathological mechanisms and developmental processes introduce significant challenges in the rapid diagnosis and accurate treatment of its different subtypes, including stable angina pectoris (SAP), unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and variant angina pectoris (VAP).

Epigenetic Clocks: Beyond Biological Age, Using the Past to Predict the Present and Future.

Predicting health trajectories and accurately measuring aging processes across the human lifespan remain profound scientific challenges. Assessing the effectiveness and impact of interventions targeting aging is even more elusive, largely due to the intricate, multidimensional nature of aging-a process that defies simple quantification. Traditional biomarkers offer only partial perspectives, capturing limited aspects of the aging landscape.

Spatiotemperal Dynamics of Osteoarthritis: Bridging Insights from Bench to Bedside.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifaceted degenerative joint disorder affected by various risk factors such as age, mechanical stress, inflammation, and metabolic influences. These elements contribute to its diverse phenotypes and endotypes, underscoring the disease's inherent complexity. The involvement of multiple tissues and their interplay further complicates OA's investigation.

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors in Aging and Aging-Related Diseases: Clinical Applications and Relevant Mechanisms.

Aging is a complex and universal process marked by gradual functional declines at the cellular and tissue levels, often leading to a range of aging-related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Delaying the aging process can help prevent, slow down, and alleviate the severity of these various conditions, enhancing overall health and well-being. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) are a class of widely used antidiabetic drugs that inhibit alpha-glucosidase in the small intestinal mucosa, delaying carbohydrate absorption and reducing postprandial hyperglycemia.

Applications of Chitosan and its Derivatives in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease, which is mainly characterized by the degeneration of articular cartilage, inflammation of the synovial membrane of the joint, and changes in the surrounding bone tissue. With the increase of age and weight, the incidence of OA gradually increases, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. The primary pharmacological treatments for OA include analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Revisiting the Benefits of Exercise for Alzheimer's Disease through the Lens of Ferroptosis: A New Perspective.

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death driven by oxidative stress, plays a crucial role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aging diminishes antioxidant systems that maintain iron homeostasis, particularly affecting the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) system, leading to increased ferroptosis and exacerbated neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in AD. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor regulating genes involved in antioxidant defense and ferroptosis.

Mitochondrial Quality Control: A New Perspective in Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Skeletal muscle dysfunction (SMD), one of the extrapulmonary complications in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), considerably influences patient prognosis. Mitochondria regulates their dynamic networks through a mitochondria quality control (MQC) mechanism, involving mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitophagy. The MQC is crucial for mitochondrial homeostasis and health, and disruption of it can lead to mitochondrial damage, which is a key factor in the structural and functional impairment of skeletal muscle in COPD.

Advances in nanozymes with peroxidase-like activity for biosensing and disease therapy applications.

Natural enzymes are crucial in biological systems and widely used in biomedicine, but their disadvantages, such as insufficient stability and high cost, have limited their widespread application. Since discovering the enzyme-like activity of FeO nanoparticles, extensive research progress in diverse nanozymes has been made with their in-depth investigation, resulting in rapid development of related nanotechnologies. Nanozymes can compensate for the defects of natural enzymes and show higher stability with lower costs.

A retrospective analysis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia: focus on T and B lymphocyte reconstitution.

Background: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is often refractory and relapsing, leading to increased mortality post-HSCT.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the cases of patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT) who underwent allo-HSCT to study their clinical features, the occurrence of AIHA post-HSCT, and treatment response and to explore the possible pathogenesis of AIHA.

Result: A total of 113 patients were registered in the study, out of whom 14 developed AIHA following allo-HSCT, resulting in a cumulative incidence of 12.

CCR5 and IL-12 co-expression in CAR T cells improves antitumor efficacy by reprogramming tumor microenvironment in solid tumors.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for solid tumors faces significant challenges, including inadequate infiltration, limited proliferation, diminished effector function of CAR T cells, and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we utilized The Cancer Genome Atlas database to identify key chemokines (CCL4, CCL5, and CCR5) associated with T cell infiltration across various solid tumor types. The CCL4/CCL5-CCR5 axis emerged as significantly correlated with the presence of T cells within tumors, and enhancing the expression of CCR5 in CAR T cells bolstered their migratory capacity.

Unraveling the mystery: effect of trapped air on platelet adhesion on hydrophobic nanostructured titanium dioxide.

Nature-inspired superhydrophobic materials have attracted considerable interest in blood-contacting biomedical applications due to their remarkable water-repellent and self-cleaning properties. However, the interaction mechanism between blood components and superhydrophobic surfaces remains unclear. To explore the effect of trapped air on platelet adhesion, we designed four distinct hydrophobic titanium dioxide (TiO) nanostructures with different fractions of trapped air.

Multi-trait Genome-Wide Analysis Identified 20 Novel Loci for Sarcopenia-Related Traits in UK Biobank.

This study aims to identify novel loci associated with sarcopenia-related traits in UK Biobank (UKB) through multi-trait genome-wide analysis. To identify novel loci associated with sarcopenia, we integrated the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of usual walking pace (UWP) and hand grip strength (HGS) to conduct a joint association study known as multi-trait analysis of GWAS (MTAG). We performed a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) to analyze the results of MTAG in relation to mRNA expression data for genes identified in skeletal muscle.

Long-Term Natural Hydroxyapatite and Synthetic Collagen Hydroxyapatite Enhance Bone Regeneration and Implant Fixation Similar to Allograft in a Sheep Model of Implant Integration.

There is an increasing demand for a suitable bone substitute to replace current clinical gold standard autografts or allografts. Majority of previous studies have focused on the early effects of substitutes on bone formation, while information on their long-term efficacies remains limited. This study investigated the efficacies of natural hydroxyapatite (nHA) derived from oyster shells and synthetic hydroxyapatite mixed with collagen (COL/HA) or chitosan (CS/HA) on bone regeneration and implant fixation in sheep.

Towards effective functionalization of nanopores/nanochannels: the role of amidation reactions.

In recent years, researchers have drawn inspiration from natural ion channels to develop various artificial nanopores/nanochannels, including solid-state and biological. Through imitating the precise selectivity and single molecule sensing exhibited by natural ion channels, nanopores/nanochannels have been widely used in many fields, such as analyte detection, gene sequencing and so on. In these applications, the surface functionalization of nanopores/nanochannels directly determines the effectiveness in quantitative analysis and single molecule detection.

Establishment of nasal and olfactory epithelium organoids for unveiling mechanism of tissue regeneration and pathogenesis of nasal diseases.

Organoid is an ideal in vitro model with cellular heterogeneity and genetic stability when passaging. Currently, organoids are exploited as new tools in a variety of preclinical researches and applications for disease modeling, drug screening, host-microbial interactions, and regenerative therapy. Advances have been made in the establishment of nasal and olfactory epithelium organoids that are used to investigate the pathogenesis of smell-related diseases and cellular/molecular mechanism underlying the regeneration of olfactory epithelium.

Should all cervical cancer patients with positive lymph node receive definitive radiotherapy: a population-based comparative study.

Objective: The optimal initial management strategy for cervical cancer with lymph node metastases (LNM) remains a topic of ongoing debate. This study aimed to explore the correlation between surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) and definitive radiotherapy (RT), as well as their impact on the prognosis of patients with LNM.

Methods: Patients with positive lymph nodes (PLNs) in 2009 FIGO stage I-III cervical cancer were selected from SEER database.

High CD38 expression defines a mitochondrial function-adapted CD8 T cell subset with implications for lung cancer immunotherapy.

Despite identifying specific CD8 T cell subsets associated with immunotherapy resistance, the molecular pathways driving this process remain elusive. Given the potential role of CD38 in regulating CD8 T cell function, we aimed to investigate the accumulation of CD38CD8 T cells in lung cancer and explore its role in immunotherapy resistance. Phenotypic analysis of tumoral CD8 T cells from both lung cancer patients and immunotherapy-resistant preclinical models revealed that CD38-expressing CD8 T cells consist of CD38 and CD38 subsets.

Timing is everything: the age-related impact of plyometric training on lower limb explosive strength in male adolescents and its general effectiveness in female adolescents.

Objective: This study investigates the impact of plyometric training on age-related lower limb explosive strength in male adolescents and its effectiveness in female adolescents.

Methods: A thorough search was conducted across five databases from their inception until September 20, 2024. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk Assessment Tool, and data analysis was performed with Stata 15 software.

Learning curve insights in Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic (UBE) spinal procedures: proficiency cutoffs and the impact on efficiency and complications.

Objective: This study systematically assesses the learning curve of Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic (UBE) techniques across various spinal surgeries, focusing on its influence on operative efficiency and complication rates to guide optimized training and practice.

Methods: Systematic searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library identified studies on UBE learning curves for patients aged 18 or older, comparing early and mastery phases. Two reviewers independently extracted data on surgery type, operative time, and complications.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) frequently coexists with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is common in the aging population, yet the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Both long-term blood pressure variability (BPV) and plasma neurofilament light (PNFL) were identified as potential biomarkers for AD and CSVD. This study aims to understand the mechanisms of comorbidity between AD and CSVD by investigating the associations among BPV, PNFL, and comorbidity.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Pathological tau plays critical roles in many neurodegenerative diseases (NDD), including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanisms underlying the initial tau pathogenesis are largely unknown. Extensive tau pathology has been observed in the brains with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), suggesting repeated traumatic brain injury (rTBI) correlates with tau pathogenesis.

Shh Protects the Injured Spinal Cord in Mice by Promoting the Proliferation and Inhibiting the Apoptosis of Nerve Cells via the Gli1-TGF-β1/ERK Axis.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common neurological trauma that cannot be completely cured with surgical techniques and medications. In this study, we established a mouse SCI model and used an adeno-associated virus (AAV) to achieve the high expression of sonic hedgehog (Shh) at the injury site to further investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Shh on SCI. The results of the present study show that Shh may promote motor function recovery.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Compelling evidence has shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis including β-amyloid plaque deposition (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. In this study, we aimed to investigate the critical role of lncRNA Gm20063 in AD.

Method: Six-month-old male APP/PS1 transgenic mice and wild type (WT) C57BL/6 (B6) littermates were obtained from the Nanjing University Animal Model Research Center.