Acute hyperglycemia impedes spinal cord injury recovery via triggering excessive ferroptosis of endothelial cells.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious central nervous system injury that often causes sensory and motor dysfunction in patients. Diabetes seriously destroys the blood spinal cord barrier (BSCB) and aggravates SCI. Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death.

Microfluidic design and preparation of hydrogel microcapsules of Mesona chinensis polysaccharide: Characterization, pH-responsive behavior and gastrointestinal protection for Lactobacillus plantarum.

Probiotics have brought many health benefits to the human body. However, their viability during gastrointestinal transit is a concern. Therefore, this study selected Mesona chinensis polysaccharide (MCP), an edible natural polysaccharide, and constructed a new type of microcapsules using MCP as raw material to prepare cross-linked calcium ions through a microfluidic system as an ideal intestinal targeting carrier to achieve precise delivery of bioactive substances.

Polysaccharides from Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. Improve reserpine-induced depression-like behavior by inhibiting HTR2A/HTR2C mediated AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin/CBP/BDNF signaling.

Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. is a traditional Chinese medicine used to regulate blood sugar levels, immunity, etc. We previously isolated polysaccharides from S.

Synthesis of waterborne polyurethane-carboxymethyl chitosan cross-linked biodegradable bio-based porous materials for the adsorption of methylene blue.

The development of green and cost-effective biomass adsorbents is necessary for removing large amounts of dyes from wastewater. In this study, polyurethane prepolymers were synthesized using polycaprolactone diol (OH-PCL-OH), isophorone diisocyanate, and 2,2-dihydroxymethylpropionic acid, which were subsequently dispersed in aqueous carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) solution to produce waterborne polyurethane (WPU)-CMCS porous materials. The adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), thermogravimetric (TGA) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP).

A simple approach to fabricate chitosan-delivered avermectin controlled release microparticles for improved efficacy and reduced residues.

The presence of a synergistic effect between carrier and insecticide in controlled release formulations is highly desirable to improve efficacy to target pests and reduce insecticide use. Herein, controlled release microparticles of avermectin (AVM) were fabricated using natural chitosan (CTS) as a carrier by a pH adjustment method. The resulted AVM@CTS microparticles displayed high encapsulation efficiency (73.

Carbohydrate polymer-based nanoparticles in curcumin delivery for cancer therapy: A review.

The use of natural products for cancer treatment has a lengthy history. The safety and multifunctionality of naturally occurring substances have rendered them appropriate for cancer treatment. Curcumin influences multiple molecular pathways and is advantageous for treating both hematological and solid tumors.

Allosteric site engagement and cooperativity mechanism by PHI1 for BRAF kinase inhibition.

With the ability to reveal allosteric sites, Ponatinib and Ponatinib Hybrid Inhibitor 1 (PHI1) are novel inhibitors of BRAF, a potent oncogene that activates the MAPK pathway. PHI1 also exhibits unique positive cooperativity, with enhanced inhibition on the other monomer when one monomer of the BRAF dimer bound to an inhibitor. The abovementioned properties lack rigorous theoretical verification, so this study compared the interaction mechanisms of four inhibitor types and explored the source of the cooperativity of PHI1 via various computational methods.

Nucleolin-targeted silicon-based nanoparticles for enhanced chemo-sonodynamic therapy of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

The limited selectivity and high systemic toxicity of traditional chemotherapy hinder its efficacy in treating diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The combination of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) with chemotherapy has emerged as a novel strategy for cancer treatment, aiming to improve therapeutic outcomes and reduce systemic toxicity. However, challenges such as elevated drug clearance rates and non-selecitivity remain to be resolved.

Enhancement of neurogenesis and antidepressant-like efficacy through combined activation of Sigma-1 and 5-HT1A receptors: focus on Sigma-1-5-HT1A heteroreceptor complex.

The sigma-1 receptor (S1R) attracts significant interests as a potential target for rapid-onset antidepressant-like effects, particularly due to its capacity to swiftly stimulate serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). However, the precise regulatory mechanism involved remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to examine the interaction between the selective S1R agonist, SA-4503 and 8-OH-DPAT, a serotonin1A (5-HT1A) receptor agonist, in mice with depressive-like behavior induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS).

Integrated analysis of proteome and transcriptome profiling reveals pan-cancer-associated pathways and molecular biomarkers.

Understanding dysregulated genes and pathways in cancer is critical for precision oncology. Integrating mass spectrometry-based proteomic data with transcriptomic data presents unique opportunities for systematic analyses of dysregulated genes and pathways in pan-cancer. Here, we compiled a comprehensive set of datasets, encompassing proteomic data from 2,404 samples and transcriptomic data from 7,752 samples across 13 cancer types.

Cheek acupuncture reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Cheek acupuncture, a recently established microneedle therapy, has been proven to effectively reduce pain, but its potential antiemetic effects remain unconfirmed. Thus, This study aimed to compare the antiemetic efficacy of cheek acupuncture with ondansetron and evaluate the cumulative effect in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery.

Design: A single-center randomized controlled trial SETTING: A university teaching hospital.

Effect of two novel GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators on neuropathic and inflammatory pain in mice.

Loss of GABAergic inhibition in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) is implicated in central sensitization and chronic pain. Both agonists and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of GABAA receptor are found to be effective in the management of chronic pain. In addition to benzodiazepines, neuroactive steroids (NASs) also act as PAMs through binding to unique sites of GABAA receptors.

Caps-ac4C: an effective computational framework for identifying N4-acetylcytidine sites in human mRNA based on deep learning.

N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) is a crucial post-transcriptional modification in human mRNA, involving the acetylation of the nitrogen atom at the fourth position of cytidine. This modification, catalyzed by N-acetyltransferases such as NAT10, is primarily found in mRNA's coding regions and enhances translation efficiency and mRNA stability. ac4C is closely associated with various diseases, including cancer.

Elucidation and biosynthesis of tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids: Recent advances and prospects.

Tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids (THIAs) are a prominent class of plant-derived compounds with various important pharmaceutical applications. Considerable progress has been made in the biosynthesis of THIAs in microorganisms due to the elucidation of their natural biosynthetic pathways and the discovery of key enzymes. In this review, we systematically summarize recent progress in elucidating the natural biosynthetic pathways of THIAs and their biosynthesis in industrial microorganisms.

Effects of melatonin on the pharmacokinetics and amino acid metabolism profile of vigabatrin in rats.

Objectives: Investigating the effect of melatonin (MLT) on the pharmacokinetics and related neurotransmitter and amino acid metabolism of vigabatrin (VGB) in epileptic rats in vivo.

Methods: High performance liquid chromatography was used to examine the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of VGB after intragastric administration dosing (50，100，200) mg/kg singly or in combination with melatonin (20 mg/kg) in rats. The single-compartment model of first-order elimination was fitted with the nonlinear mixed-effect model of first-order estimation.

Roles of gastric cancer-derived exosomes in the occurrence of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma.

Gastric cancer (GC), particularly in East Asia, is among the most prevalent cancers with high mortality rates. According to recent epidemiological data, patients with GC account for over a quarter of all cancer incidences and approximately one third of cancer-related deaths in East Asia. Liver metastasis (LM) is not only a common form of GC distant metastasis but also poses a major challenge to the prognosis and treatment of patients with advanced GC.

Shotgun and targeted proteomics of Mycolicibacterium smegmatis highlight the role of arginine phosphorylation in the functional adaptation to its environment.

Although the phosphorylation of serine (S), threonine (T), and tyrosine (Y) is well-established, arginine phosphorylation (pR) has recently garnered significant attention due to its crucial role in bacteria pathogenicity and stress response. Mycolicibacterium smegmatis, a nonpathogenic surrogate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, serves as a model for studying mycobacterial pathogenesis. A recent proteomics study identified six pR proteins in M.

SERCA2 dysfunction accelerates angiotensin II-induced aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis by induction of oxidative stress in aortic smooth muscle cells.

Background And Aim: Our previous research indicates that sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) dysfunction facilitates the phenotypic transformation of aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) and intensifies aortic aneurysm through the regulation of calcium-dependent pathways and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our hypothesis is that additional mechanisms are involved in aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis induced by SERCA2 dysfunction from the perspective of ASMC phenotypic transformation.

Methods & Results: In SERCA2 dysfunctional mice and their control littermates, ASMCs were isolated to analyze protein expression and cell functions, and angiotensin II was infused into these mice that were backcrossed into LDL receptor deficient background to induce aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis.

Retinal Phenotypes and Single-cell Sequencing Analysis of Ush2a Knockout Mice.

Usher syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder that primarily affects both vision and hearing, manifesting as sensorineural hearing loss and progressive vision loss caused by retinitis pigmentosa. The pathogenesis of retinal degeneration in Usher syndrome is still largely unknown. In this study, a novel Ush2a knockout mouse model was successfully constructed using CRISPR/Cas9 technology.

Coupled effects of initial water content with refrigeration temperature and freeze-thaw cycles on dewatering of sludge.

Many studies have displayed that freeze-thaw (F/T) conditioning is an environmentally friendly approach of improving sludge dewaterability. However, Initial water content (IWC) has a strong influence on the efficiency of the F/T method in conditioning sludge dewatering performance. Finding the most suitable F/T parameters for sludge with different IWCs is a critical issue that needs to be solved.

Ambient ozone exposure and pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Ambient ozone pollution is becoming a global health threat under global warming. Evidence on the association between ambient ozone and pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes has grown enormously. To provide a comprehensive assessment of the evidence, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to outline current epidemiological evidence.

Spatiotemporal changes of vegetation in the northern foothills of Qinling Mountains based on kNDVI considering climate time-lag effects and human activities.

Vegetation is fundamental to regulating the climate system and ensuring carbon balance. Recognizing the effects of climate change (CC) and human activities (HA) is vital for understanding shifts in vegetation. However, climate time-lag effects are rarely measured, resulting in an inadequate assessment of CC's effects on vegetation dynamics.

Potential risk of microplastics in plateau karst lakes: Insights from metagenomic analysis.

Microplastic (MP) pollution has become one of global concern. While MP pollution in lakes has been well studied, research on MP sources, distribution, and ecological risks in the Tibetan Plateau is limited. We systematically investigated the MP abundance and distribution in alpine travertine lakes in Jiuzhai nature reserve located in east edge of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and assessed the distributions of microbiomes, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and virulence factor genes (VFGs) in water, sediments, and MPs, using macrogenomics.