Genetic Links Between Gastrointestinal Disorders and Kidney Stone Disease: Insights from Genome-Wide Cross-Trait Analysis.

Background: Epidemiological associations between kidney stone disease (KSD) and gastrointestinal disorders have been reported, and intestinal homeostasis plays a critical role in stone formation. However, the underlying intrinsic link is not adequately understood. This study aims to investigate the genetic associations between these two types of diseases.

Thermostability Enhancement of Tagatose 4-Epimerase through Protein Engineering and Whole-Cell Immobilization.

d-Tagatose, a rare sugar endowed with a low-calorie property, superior taste quality, and probiotic functionality, has garnered significant research attention. However, the prevailing biological production methods relying on β-galactosidase and l-arabinose isomerase face challenges including high cost and suboptimal conversion efficiency. Consequently, it is of great research significance to find efficient alternative routes for d-tagatose synthesis.

Intelligent Hierarchical Targeting Near-Infrared Persistent Luminescence Nanosystem for Improved Nuclear Delivery and Simultaneous Visualization/Therapy of EBV-Associated Cancer.

Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1), a sequence-specific DNA binding protein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is essential for viral genome replication and maintenance and is therefore an attractive target for the therapeutic intervention of EBV-associated cancers. Several EBNA1-specific inhibitors have demonstrated the ability to block EBNA1 function in vitro, but practical delivery strategies for these inhibitors in vivo are still lacking. Here, we report an intelligent hierarchical targeting theranostic nanosystem (denoted as mZGOCS@MnO-P5) that integrates an azide (N3) terminal dual-targeting peptide (N3-P5), a tumor microenvironment-responsive degradable MnO nanosheet, and a mesoporous ZnGaO:Cr, Sn near-infrared persistent luminescence (NIR-PL) nanosphere (mZGOCS).

Incidence and Risk Factors of Diagnosed Young-Adult-Onset Type 2 Diabetes in the U.S.: The National Health Interview Survey 2016-2022.

Objective: To estimate the incidence and identify risk factors for diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) among young U.S. adults.

Zero-Crosstalk Tumor-Targeting Ratiometric Near-Infrared γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase Probe for Fluorescent-Guided Surgical Resection of Orthotopic Hepatic Tumor.

The challenge of "false positive" signals significantly complicates tumor localization and surgical resection, which are pivotal for successful tumor surgeries. Therefore, the development of a method for preoperative tumor localization and intraoperative margin determination holds considerable promise for improving surgical outcomes. In this study, a zero-crosstalk ratiometric tumor-targeting near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe was developed for precise cancer diagnosis and intraoperative navigation via NIR fluorescence imaging.

Object detection in motion management scenarios based on deep learning.

In athletes' competitions and daily training, in order to further strengthen the athletes' sports level, it is usually necessary to analyze the athletes' sports actions at a specific moment, in which it is especially important to quickly and accurately identify the categories and positions of the athletes, sports equipment, field boundaries and other targets in the sports scene. However, the existing detection methods failed to achieve better detection results, and the analysis found that the reasons for this phenomenon mainly lie in the loss of temporal information, multi-targeting, target overlap, and coupling of regression and classification tasks, which makes it more difficult for these network models to adapt to the detection task in this scenario. Based on this, we propose for the first time a supervised object detection method for scenarios in the field of motion management.

Midinfrared Cavity-Enhanced Two-Photon Absorption Spectroscopy for Selective Detection of Trace Gases.

Detection of trace gases, such as radioactive carbon dioxide, clumped isotopes, and reactive radicals, is of great interest and poses significant challenges in various fields. Achieving both high selectivity and high sensitivity is essential in this context. We present a highly selective molecular spectroscopy method based on comb-locked, mid-infrared, cavity-enhanced, two-photon absorption.

Properties characterization and microstructural analysis of alkali-activated solid waste-based materials with sawdust and wastewater integration.

Construction materials are significantly exposed to ecological hazards due to the presence of hazardous chemical constituents found in industrial and agricultural solid wastes. This study aims to investigate the use of sawdust particles (SDPs) and sawdust wastewater (SDW) in alkali-activated composites (AACs) made from a mixture of different silicon-aluminum-based solid wastes (slag powder-SP, red mud-RM, fly ash-FA, and carbide slag-CS). The study examines the impact of SDP content, treated duration of SDPs, and SDW content on both fresh and hardened properties of the AACs, including electrical conductivity, fluidity, density, flexural and compressive strengths, and drying shrinkage.

Functional differences between rodent and human PD-1 linked to evolutionary divergence.

Mechanistic understanding of the inhibitory immunoreceptor PD-1 is largely based on mouse models, but human and mouse PD-1 share only 59.6% amino acid identity. Here, we found that human PD-1 is more inhibitory than mouse PD-1, owing to stronger interactions with the ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 and more efficient recruitment of the effector phosphatase Shp2.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Mitigates High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Mammary Gland Development Impairment of Pubertal Mice via Regulating CD36 Palmitoylation and Downstream JNK-ERK Pathway.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is known for antiobesity. However, the role of CLA in regulating high-fat diet (HFD)-impaired pubertal mammary gland development remains undefined. Here, pubertal female mice and HC11 cells were treated with HFD or palmitic acid (PA), supplemented with or without CLA, respectively.

Influence mechanism of Internet use on the physical and mental health of the Chinese elderly-Based on Chinese General Social Survey.

Based on Chinese General Social Survey data (CGSS 2021), binary logistic regression and stepwise regression were used to explore how Internet use improves the physical and mental health of elderly people and its influence mechanisms. The research found that Internet use has a positive and significant impact on the physical and mental health of the Chinese elderly, and the results are robust with variable replacement and model replacement tests. In its influence mechanism, it found that Internet use promotes the physical and mental health of elderly people through physical exercise, social interaction, and learning frequency, which have a partial mediating effect.

Finite element analysis of the plantar support for the medial longitudinal arch with flexible flatfoot.

Purpose: The present study is to explore the appropriate plantar support force for its effect on improving the collapse of the medial longitudinal arch with flexible flatfoot.

Methods: A finite element model with the plantar fascia attenuation was constructed simulating as flexible flatfoot. The appropriate plantar support force was evaluated.

An exchangeable SIM probe for monitoring organellar dynamics of necrosis cells and intracellular water heterogeneity in kidney repair.

Monitoring subcellular organelle dynamics in real time and precisely assessing membrane heterogeneity in living cells are very important for studying fundamental biological mechanisms and gaining a comprehensive understanding of cellular processes. However, there remains a shortage of effective tools for these purposes. Herein, we propose a strategy to develop the exchangeable water-sensing probeAPBD for time-lapse imaging of dynamics in cellular membrane-bound organelle morphology with structured illumination microscopy at the nanoscale.

Organic carbon dry deposition outpaces atmospheric processing with unaccounted implications for air quality and freshwater ecosystems.

Dry deposition is an important yet poorly constrained process that removes reactive organic carbon from the atmosphere, making it unavailable for airborne chemical reactions and transferring it to other environmental systems. Using an aircraft-based measurement method, we provide large-scale estimates of total gas-phase organic carbon deposition rates and fluxes. Observed deposition rates downwind of large-scale unconventional oil operations reached up to 100 tC hour, with fluxes exceeding 0.

A propofol binding site in the voltage sensor domain mediates inhibition of HCN1 channel activity.

Hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) ion channels are members of the cyclic nucleotide-binding family and are crucial for regulating cellular automaticity in many excitable cells. HCN channel activation contributes to pain perception, and propofol, a widely used anesthetic, acts as an analgesic by inhibiting the voltage-dependent activity of HCN channels. However, the molecular determinants of propofol action on HCN channels remain unknown.

Large-area radiation-modulated thermoelectric fabrics for high-performance thermal management and electricity generation.

Flexible thermoelectric systems capable of converting human body heat or solar heat into sustainable electricity are crucial for the development of self-powered wearable electronics. However, challenges persist in maintaining a stable temperature gradient and enabling scalable fabrication for their commercialization. Herein, we present a facile approach involving the screen printing of large-scale carbon nanotube (CNT)-based thermoelectric arrays on conventional textile.

Determinants of vacancy formation and migration in high-entropy alloys.

Vacancies are crucial for the radiation resistance, strength, and ductility of high-entropy alloys (HEAs). However, complex electronic interactions resulting from chemical disorder prohibit the quantification of vacancy formation energy () and migration barriers (). Herein, we propose an electronic descriptor χ (electronegativity χ and valence-electron number ) to quantify the bonding strength of constituents on the basis of the tight-binding model, which allows us to build analytical models to achieve the site-to-site quantification of and .

Large-scale multicenter study reveals anticitrullinated SR-A peptide antibody as a biomarker and exacerbator for rheumatoid arthritis.

Current diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is still challenging. More than one-third of patients with RA could not be accurately diagnosed because of lacking biomarkers. Our recent study reported that scavenger receptor-A (SR-A) is a biomarker for RA, especially for anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP)-negative RA.

Perovskite retinomorphic image sensor for embodied intelligent vision.

Retinomorphic systems that can see, recognize, and respond to real-time environmental information will extend the complexity and range of tasks that an exoskeleton robot can perform to better assist physically disabled people. However, the lack of ultrasensitive, reconfigurable, and large-scale integratable retinomorphic devices and advanced edge-processing algorithms makes it difficult to realize retinomorphic hardware. Here, we report the retinomorphic hardware prototype with a 4096-pixel perovskite image sensor array as core module to endow embodied intelligent vision functionalities.

A rare dominant allele determines seed coat color and improves seed oil content in .

Yellow seed coat color (SCC) is a valuable trait in , which is significantly correlated to high seed oil content (SOC) and low seed lignocellulose content (SLC). However, no dominant yellow SCC genes were identified in . In this study, a dominant yellow SCC N53-2 was verified, and then 58,981 eQTLs and 25 trans-eQTL hotspots were identified in a double haploid population derived from N53-2 and black SCC material Ken-C8.

Imaging interlayer exciton superfluidity in a 2D semiconductor heterostructure.

Excitons, which are Coulomb bound electron-hole pairs, are composite bosons and thus at low temperature can form a superfluid state with a single well-defined amplitude and phase. We directly image this macroscopic exciton superfluid state in an hBN-separated MoSe-WSe heterostructure. At high density, we identify quasi-long-range order over the entire active area of our sample, through spatially resolved coherence measurements.

Ubiquitination of OsCSN5 by OsPUB45 activates immunity by modulating the OsCUL3a-OsNPR1 module.

The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a highly conserved protein complex in eukaryotes, with CSN5 serving as its critical catalytic subunit. However, the role of CSN5 in plant immunity is largely unexplored. Here, we found that suppression of in rice enhances resistance against the fungal pathogen and the bacterial pathogen pv.

Treating myocardial infarction via a nano-ultrasonic contrast agent-mediated high-efficiency drug delivery system targeting macrophages.

Following myocardial infarction (MI), the accumulation of CD86-positive macrophages in the ischemic injury zone leads to secondary myocardial damage. Precise pharmacological intervention targeting this process remains challenging. This study engineered a nanotherapeutic delivery system with CD86-positive macrophage-specific targeting and ultrasound-responsive release capabilities.

Transcriptomic DN3 clock neuron subtypes regulate sleep.

Circadian neurons within animal brains orchestrate myriad physiological processes and behaviors, but the contribution of these neurons to the regulation of sleep is not well understood. To address this deficiency, we leveraged single-cell RNA sequencing to generate a comprehensive census of transcriptomic cell types of clock neurons. We focused principally on the enigmatic DN3s, which constitute most fly brain clock neurons and were previously almost completely uncharacterized.

Klp2-mediated Rsp1-Mto1 colocalization inhibits microtubule-dependent microtubule assembly in fission yeast.

Microtubule assembly takes place at the centrosome and noncentrosomal microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs). However, the mechanisms controlling the activity of noncentrosomal MTOCs are poorly understood. Here, using the fission yeast as a model organism, we demonstrate that the kinesin-14 motor Klp2 interacts with the J-domain Hsp70/Ssa1 cochaperone Rsp1, an inhibitory factor of microtubule assembly, and that Klp2 is required for the proper localization of Rsp1 to microtubules.