A Structurally Simple Polymer Donor Enables High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Minimal Energy Losses.

Energy loss (Eloss) between optical energy gap (Eg) and open-circuit voltage (eVoc) sets efficiency upper limits for organic solar cells (OSCs). Nevertheless, further breaking the limit of Eloss in OSCs is challenging, especially via structurally simple materials in binary OSCs. Herein, a structurally simple non-halogenated polymer donor, namely PBDCT, is developed for realizing high-efficiency OSCs with record-breaking Eloss.

Identification and mechanism analysis of biomarkers related to butyrate metabolism in COVID-19 patients.

Background: Butyrate may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication and affect the development of COVID-19. However, there have been no systematic comprehensive analyses of the role of butyrate metabolism-related genes (BMRGs) in COVID-19.

Methods: We performed differential expression analysis of BMRGs in the brain, liver and pancreas of COVID-19 patients and controls in GSE157852 and GSE151803.

Metal-Free Electrochemical C-H Chlorination of Terminal Alkanes.

Although research on the activation of C-H bonds in alkanes has been ongoing for decades, there are still few strategies that are both highly selective and suitable for industrial production. Here, we report a highly selective method for chlorination of terminal C-H bonds in alkanes by combining electrochemistry and organocatalysis. The specific cavity size of organic molecular catalysts ensures high regioselectivity, while the use of inexpensive and easily reusable graphite felt electrodes, simple electrochemical device and mild conditions enables the reaction to maintain good efficiency even when scaled up to kilogram level production.

Impact of intrarenal arterial lesions on prognosis of IgA nephropathy: insights from a retrospective cohort study.

Background: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) presents a challenging spectrum of outcomes, often complicated by intrarenal arterial/arteriolar lesions (IALs) in affected individuals. Despite their clinical relevance, existing criteria for classifying and assessing the severity of these lesions remain undefined. This study aimed to establish semi-quantitative assessment criteria for grading IALs and to evaluate their prognostic significance in patients with IgAN.

Unveiling the Pathogenic Role of Novel CPLANE1 Compound Heterozygous Variants in Joubert Syndrome: Insights Into mRNA Stability and NMD Pathway.

Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder associated with mutations in genes involved in ciliary function. Germline variants in CPLANE1 have been implicated in JS. In this study, we investigated a family with three adverse pregnancies characterised by fetal malformations consistent with JS.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with family history of chronic airway disease.

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous condition with different risk factors, including family history. This study aimed to explore association between a family history of chronic airway disease and features and outcomes of COPD.

Methods: Participants were obtained from the RealDTC study between December 2016 and December 2022.

Adrenomedullin Inhibits the Efficacy of Combined Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy in Biliary Tract Cancer by Disrupting Endothelial Cell Functions.

The global incidence of biliary tract cancer (BTC) is on the rise, presenting a substantial healthcare challenge. The integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with molecularly targeted therapies is emerging as a strategy to enhance immune responses. However, the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of these treatments in BTC are still largely unexplored.

Dynamic prediction and quantitative assessment of carbon emissions from animal husbandry: A case study of inner mongolia autonomous region, China.

Climate change, driven by greenhouse gas emissions, has emerged as a pressing global ecological and environmental challenge. Our study is dedicated to exploring the various factors influencing greenhouse gas emissions from animal husbandry and predicting their future trends. To this end, we have analyzed data from China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region spanning from 1978 to 2022, aiming to estimate the carbon emissions associated with animal husbandry in the region.

Decoding Alzheimer's Disease With Depression: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Target.

The purpose of this study was to recognise predictive biomarkers and explore the promising therapeutic targets of AD with depression. We confirmed a positive correlation between AD and depression through MR Analysis. Through WGCNA analysis, we identified 1569 genes containing two modules, which were most related to AD.

Single-Atom Catalysts Boosted Electrochemiluminescence.

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) combines electrochemical redox processes with photochemical light emission, offering exceptional sensitivity, spatial control, and stability. Widely applied in biosensing, medical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring, its efficiency often depends on advanced catalytic materials. Single-atom catalysts (SACs), featuring isolated metal atoms dispersed on a support, have emerged as promising candidates due to their unique electronic structures, high atom utilization, and tunable catalytic properties.

Regulating the Crystallization and Morphology of PbI Precursor Films for the Growth of High-Quality Perovskite Films via Vapor-Solid Reaction.

Developing vapor-solid reaction methods to prepare organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite thin films is highly compatible with processes in crystalline silicon solar cells and the thin-film photovoltaic industries, facilitating rapid industrialization. In the vapor-solid reaction, the crystallization quality of perovskite thin films is widely influenced by the crystallinity and microstructure of lead iodide (PbI) precursor films. During the thermal evaporation process of preparing the PbI precursor films, we observed that PbI tends to develop a disordered surface morphology and exhibits high crystallinity, which significantly hinders the uniform diffusion of the organic amine salt vapor during the subsequent vapor-solid reaction.

Comparison of Early Functional Recovery Following Triportal Robot-Assisted and Uniportal Video-Assisted Segmentectomy in Patients With Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

Background: Robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) is more precise and flexible than video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. This study compared the early postoperative functional recovery of patients who underwent triportal RATS with that of patients who underwent uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery (UVATS) for segmentectomy.

Methods: This observational, prospective study included 172 patients with clinical stage I or II peripheral NSCLC who underwent RATS or UVATS segmentectomy.

Photocatalyzed Three-Component Difluoroalkyl-Halogenation of Electron-Deficient Alkenes via a Halogen α-Nucleophilic Addition.

Here,we disclose a halogen α-nucleophilic addition via photocatalytic oxidation of the in-situ generated α-carbonyl radical of amides or esters to corresponding α-carbonyl cation. The α-carbon radical is generated by the β-addition of difluoroalkyl radical, formed by the photocatalytic reduction of BrCF2CO2R, to the α,β-unsaturated amides/esters. This umpolung strategy enables an efficient three-component difluoroalkyl-halogenation of α,β-unsaturated amides or esters with BrCF2CO2R and Cl/F-nucleophiles to produce diverse biologically important CF2-containing α-halo-1,5-dicarboxylic derivatives under mild conditions.

Biomimetic Localized Gel Electrolyte for Practical Zinc Anode.

Incompatible electrode/electrolyte interface often leads to dendrite growth, parasitic reactions and corrosion, posing significant challenges to the application of Zn anodes. Herein, we introduce a biomimetic antifreeze protein localized gel electrolyte (ALGE) with multifunctional capabilities to address these issues by combining electrolyte modification with interface optimization. ALGE modifies the Zn2+ solvation structure and the hydrogen-bond network adjacent to zinc anode, effectively suppressing hydrogen evolution.

Insight into the Specific Adsorption of Cu(II) by a Zinc-Based Metal-Organic Framework Mediated via a Proton-Exchange Mechanism.

In the context of scarce metal resources, the one-step separation and recovery of high-value copper metal ions from secondary resources is of significant importance and presents substantial challenges. This study identified a Zn-based triazole MOF (Zn(tr)(OAc)) with accessible and noncoordinated terminal hydroxyl groups within its framework. The Zn(tr)(OAc) surpasses most currently reported Cu-specific MOF adsorbents regarding adsorption capacity and Cu selectivity.

Ability and utility of the Physician Well-Being Index to identify distress among Chinese physicians.

Background: Despite the high prevalence of mental stress among physicians, reliable screening tools are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the capability of the Physician Well-Being Index (PWBI) in identifying distress and adverse consequences among Chinese physicians.

Methods: This cross-sectional online survey recruited 2803 physicians from Southern Mainland China snowball sampling between October and December 2020.

A review in analytical progress for house dust mite allergens.

House dust mite (HDM) allergens are one of the most important causes of allergenic diseases in the indoor environment. The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined risk thresholds for Group I HDM allergens as a concentration of 2 and 10 μg/mL in dust for producing asthma risk and polar asthma attacks, respectively. Continuing exposure to high concentrations of HDM allergens greatly increases the risk of developing allergic diseases.

In Situ Raman Spectra and Machine Learning Assistant Thermal Annealing Optimization for Effective Phototransistors.

The relationship between the structure and function of condensed matter is complex and changeable, which is especially suitable for combination with machine learning to quickly obtain optimized experimental conditions. However, little research has been done on the effect of temperature on condensed matter and how it affects device performance because the difference between the in situ physical property parameters (which are lowered by the surface tension and mixing entropy) and the basic parameters of the bulk makes accurate AI predictions difficult. In this work, P3HT/ITIC was chosen as the donor/acceptor material for the active layer of organic phototransistors (OPTs).

Enantioselective Behaviors and Risk Assessments of Chiral Pesticide Mefentrifluconazole in Four Types of Fruits and Vegetables.

Mefentrifluconazole was the first novel isopropyl alcohol triazole fungicide. Existing research indicated that mefentrifluconazole had high activity and low toxicity, presenting potential for monocase application, while limited data existed on its enantioselective dissipation in crops. Here, after confirming the absolute configuration, the enantioselective dissipation and risk assessments of chiral mefentrifluconazole in soybeans, peanuts, tomatoes, grapes, and soil were conducted.

Aggregation-Induced Photosensitization of Long-Chain-Substituted Osmium Complexes for Lysosomes Targeting Photodynamic Therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been demonstrated to be an effective tool for cancer treatment. Seeking organelle-targeting photosensitizers (PSs) with robust reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is extremely in demand. Herein, we propose an aggregation-induced photosensitization strategy for effective PDT with osmium complexes.

Ligand-to-Ligand Charge Transfer Induced Red-Shifted Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Research on room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been rapidly developed in recent years. However, it is still challenging to realize long-wavelength RTP (>580 nm). In this article, a new strategy is proposed to achieve the red-shifted RTP through constructing dual-ligand MOFs.

Revealing a Heavy-Atom Assisted Rotation Mechanism in the H + NHCl Multi-Channel Reaction.

Identifying atomic-level mechanisms in elemental chemical reactions is crucial for understanding complex reaction processes. This study focuses on the typical multichannel H + NHCl reaction, which plays a significant role in environmental science. High-level ab initio calculations determined seven distinct reaction pathways, leading to three product channels: H + NHCl, HCl + NH, and Cl + NH.

StZIP2 promotes root growth by improving the transport efficiency of zinc in potato(Solanum tuberosum L.).

Zinc is an essential trace element for plant growth and development. Zinc transporters play an important role in regulating zinc homeostasis in plants. In this study, the potato cultivar 'Atlantic' was used as experimental material to analyze the expression characteristics of the StZIP2 gene in different potato tissues under zinc deficiency stress.

Multi-omics analysis of druggable genes to facilitate Alzheimer's disease therapy: A multi-cohort machine learning study.

Background: The swift rise in the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) alongside its significant societal and economic impact has created a pressing demand for effective interventions and treatments. However, there are no available treatments that can modify the progression of the disease.

Methods: Eight AD brain tissues datasets and three blood datasets were obtained.