Visualizing Preosteoarthritis: Updates on UTE-Based Compositional MRI and Deep Learning Algorithms.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is heterogeneous and involves structural changes in the whole joint, such as cartilage, meniscus/labrum, ligaments, and tendons, mainly with short T2 relaxation times. Detecting OA before the onset of irreversible changes is crucial for early proactive management and limit growing disease burden. The more recent advanced quantitative imaging techniques and deep learning (DL) algorithms in musculoskeletal imaging have shown great potential for visualizing "pre-OA.

deep-AMPpred: A Deep Learning Method for Identifying Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Functional Activities.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small peptides that play an important role in disease defense. As the problem of pathogen resistance caused by the misuse of antibiotics intensifies, the identification of AMPs as alternatives to antibiotics has become a hot topic. Accurately identifying AMPs using computational methods has been a key issue in the field of bioinformatics in recent years.

Isolation, identification and genetic variation analysis of avian orthoreovirus in commercial broilers in China from 2016 to 2021.

In the last decade, the emergence of variant strains of avian orthoreovirus (ARV) has caused an enormous economic impact on the poultry industry across China and other countries. This study aimed to evaluate the molecular evolution of the ARV lineages detected in Chinese commercial broiler farms. Firstly, ARV isolation and identification of commercial broiler arthritis cases from different provinces in China from 2016 to 2021 were conducted.

DNA Tetrahedron Reformative Lateral Flow Assay for Improved Detection Sensitivity and Anti-Interference.

The lateral flow assay is a strip-based analytical method for the portable and convenient detection of analytes of interest. It has the advantages of visual observation, autonomous sample flow, fast coloration time, minimal tedious operation procedures, and reliance on specialized instruments. However, the rough surface of the nitrocellulose membrane renders it difficult for the immobilized nucleic acids to remain in an ordered arrangement, and the immobilized nucleic acids are also liable to be digested in a complex matrix, inducing limited sensitivity and anti-interference.

Air pollution and breast cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization study.

Previous research yields inconsistent findings on the association between air pollution and breast cancer risk, with no definitive causal relationship established. To address this, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization study on data from the IEU open GWAS databases and the Breast Cancer Association Consortium to explore the potential link between air pollution (including PM, PM absorbance, PM, PM, NO, and NO) and breast cancer risk. We found that PM (odds ratio (OR) = 1.

Successful treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor exon 19 deletion non-small cell lung cancer with almonertinib after osimertinib-induced interstitial lung disease: A case report.

Osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has revolutionized one of the standard most efficient treatments for EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR-TKI, is currently one of most efficient treatments in clinical practice. However, it has a potentially fatal side effect: interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Effect of cryoablation on the spatial transcriptomic landscape of the immune microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Cryoablation induces antitumor immune responses. Spatial transcriptomic landscape technology has been used to determine the micron-level panoramic transcriptomics of tissue slices in situ.

Methods: The effects of cryoablation on the immune microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were explored by comparing the Whole Transcriptome Atlas (WTA) panel of immune cells before and after cryoablation using the spatial transcriptomic landscape.

Polatuzumab vedotin plus bendamustine and rituximab in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A phase III bridging study in Chinese patients.

Background: Patients with transplant-ineligible relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) have limited treatment options and poor outcomes.

Methods: This phase III study (NCT04236141) evaluated the efficacy and safety of polatuzumab vedotin plus bendamustine and rituximab (Pola+BR) versus BR in Chinese patients with transplant-ineligible R/R DLBCL to support regulatory submission in China. Patients were randomized 2:1 to receive Pola+BR or placebo+BR.

Association of diabetes mellitus with long-term prognosis after ablation therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A single-center cohort study.

Background: This study investigated the clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of ablative treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: Retrospective data were collected from HCC patients who underwent ablation between January 2016 and December 2019. The baseline clinicopathological characteristics and long-term outcomes, such as overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), were compared between those with and without DM.

Comparison of clinical outcomes in patients with advanced pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma treated with immunotherapy-based regimens or chemotherapy: A study based on the SEER database and multicentric real-world settings.

Background: Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is a rare lung cancer characterized by early metastasis and invasion. It is predominantly diagnosed at a locally advanced or metastatic stage, hindering the possibility of surgical intervention. However, a standard treatment for advanced PSC remains unestablished.

Factors retarding enhanced recovery from thermal ablation of liver tumors: A single-center prospective study.

Purpose: To evaluate the risk factors that may delay enhanced recovery in the ablation of liver tumors.

Methods: A total of 310 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided ablation of liver tumors under general anesthesia were prospectively enrolled. Baseline data, intraoperative parameters, and postoperative events were evaluated.

Comparison between lymph and non-lymph node resection in patients with stage IA non-small-cell lung cancer: A retrospective study.

Objective: This retrospective study aimed to determine the need for lymph node resection during surgical treatment in patients with stage IA non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials And Methods: A total of 1428 patients diagnosed with cT1N0M0 1 A stage NSCLC who underwent surgery were divided into two groups: lymphadenectomy (n = 1324) and nonlymphadenectomy (n = 104). The effects of lymph node resection on overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) and on clinicopathological factors that affected the prognosis of the patients were investigated.

Integrin α6 and integrin β4 in exosomes promote lung metastasis of colorectal cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The mechanisms underlying metastasis, which contributes to poor outcomes, remain elusive.

Methods: We used the Cancer Genome Atlas dataset to compare mRNA expression patterns of integrin α6 (ITGA6) and integrin β4 (ITGB4) in patients with CRC.

Characteristics and prognosis of testicular mixed teratoma and seminoma.

Background: To evaluate the association of demographic and clinicopathological characteristics with the survival of patients with testicular mixed teratoma and seminoma (TMTS).

Methods: The data of 3296 eligible patients with TMTS who underwent surgery between 2010 and 2015 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were determined using the Kaplan-Meier survival curves.

The ability of contrast-enhanced ultrasound with Sonazoid to differentiate endometrial carcinoma from benign endometrial lesions: A preliminary, prospective, and multicenter clinical study.

Objective: To examine the diagnostic efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with Sonazoid (Sonazoid-CEUS) for endometrial lesions.

Methods: In this prospective and multicenter study, data were collected from 84 patients with endometrial lesions from 11 hospitals in China. All the patients received a conventional US and Sonazoid-CEUS examination.

Comparison of antegrade and retrograde laparoscopic bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy for penile cancer.

Purpose: To investigate and compare the feasibility, safety, and clinical outcomes of antegrade and retrograde laparoscopic bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy for penile cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 32 patients with penile cancer admitted between 2018 and 2022. Among them, 17 patients underwent antegrade laparoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (ALIL group) and 15 underwent retrograde laparoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (RLIL group).

Long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for T1b colorectal cancer.

Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a standardized procedure for intramucosal and slightly invasive submucosal colorectal cancers (CRC). However, the role of ESD for T1b (depth of submucosal invasion: ≥1,000 μm) CRC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of ESD for T1b CRC.

Triptolide exhibits dual anti-tumor effects through inhibiting autophagy and extracellular matrix activation in pancreatic cancer.

Aim: The tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer, characterized by abundant desmoplastic stroma, has been implicated in the failure of chemotherapy. Therefore, developing therapeutic strategies targeting tumor and stromal cells is essential. Triptolide, a natural compound derived from the plant Tripterygium wilfordii, has shown antitumor activity in various cancers, including pancreatic cancer.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: A clinical and pathological observational report of Asian samples from one center.

Background: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare, low-grade fibrohistiocytic tumor with malignant potential. It is considered to have a high local recurrence rate due to the characteristic invasion of the finger-like lesion into the soft tissues.

Method: This retrospective study presents details of 20 DFSP patients with a history of surgery and a long follow-up period.

Clinical features and prognosis analysis of stage III/IV patients with lung cancer after treatment with toripalimab: A real-world retrospective.

Aim: Toripalimab is the first antitumor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody approved in China. For better patient management, it is important to understand the real-world outcomes of toripalimab in treating patients with lung cancer in the real world outside of clinical trials to improve patient care.

Methods: We retrospectively examined the clinical data of 80 patients with lung cancer who received the PD-1 inhibitor (toripalimab).

Elevated CA19-9 within the normal range suggests poorer prognosis in stage II CRC: A retrospective analysis of a large sample in a single center.

Objective: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) serve as pivotal tumor markers in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, uncertainty persists regarding the prognostic significance of the two tumor markers when falling within the normal range. We attempt to compare the prognostic differences of tumor markers at different levels within the reference range.

Dihydroartemisinin ameliorates skeletal muscle atrophy in the lung cancer cachexia mouse model.

Introduction: Cancer cachexia (CC) is characterized by weight loss with specifically reduced skeletal muscles and adipose tissues in patients with late-stage cancer. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), an effective antimalarial derivative of artemisinin, has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties.

Materials And Methods: This study examined the effects of DHA on the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-induced CC mouse model.

Percutaneous irreversible electroporation of renal cell carcinomas in an acquired solitary kidney: A primary study.

Objective: To evaluate the postoperative complications and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a solitary kidney after irreversible electroporation (IRE).

Materials And Methods: A total of 8 patients with 9 RCCs in a solitary kidney treated with computed tomography (CT)-guided IRE from February 2017 to September 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Follow-up included contrast-enhanced CT or magnetic resonance imaging examinations at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and each year after IRE and the evaluation of the incidence of postoperative complications, renal function changes, local tumor recurrence, and metastasis.

Apatinib and trastuzumab-based chemotherapy for heavily treated primary trastuzumab-resistant metastatic breast cancer.

Background: The low incidence and poor prognosis primary trastuzumab resistance (PTR) in HER2-positive breast cancer has limited research into possible treatments. Thus, it remains unclear whether this group of patients could benefit from nontargeting HER2 antiangiogenic therapy.

Patients And Methods: We collected the medical data for HER2-positive patients with PTR who received apatinib 250 mg and trastuzumab-based chemotherapy (ATBC) between March 18, 2017, and March 31, 2022.

Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte subtypes and microorganisms in triple-negative breast cancer.

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are key components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and serve as prognostic markers for breast cancer. Patients with high TIL infiltration generally experience better clinical outcomes and extended survival compared to those with low TIL infiltration. However, as the TME is highly complex and TIL subtypes perform distinct biological functions, TILs may only provide an approximate indication of tumor immune status, potentially leading to biased prognostic results.