HS inhibition of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase conversion reduces uric acid levels and improves myoblast functions.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is an important gasotransmitter that regulates a wide range of pathophysiological processes. Higher uric acid levels are associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases. The causal mechanism linking HS signalling and uric acid metabolism in skeletal muscles has not yet been elucidated.

SLC26A9 promotes the initiation and progression of breast cancer by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

SLC26A9 is a member of the Slc26a family of multifunctional anion transporters that function as Cl channels in the stomach. We reported for the first time that SLC26A9 is involved in gastric tumorigenesis. However, the role of SLC26A9 in breast cancer has not yet been investigated.

RNA Methylation Homeostasis in Ocular Diseases: All Eyes on Me.

RNA methylation is a pivotal epigenetic modification that adjusts various aspects of RNA biology, including nuclear transport, stability, and the efficiency of translation for specific RNA candidates. The methylation of RNA involves the addition of methyl groups to specific bases and can occur at different sites, resulting in distinct forms, such as N6-methyladenosine (mA), N1-methyladenosine (mA), 5-methylcytosine (mC), and 7-methylguanosine (mG). Maintaining an optimal equilibrium of RNA methylation is crucial for fundamental cellular activities such as cell survival, proliferation, and migration.

Estimating wastewater emissions and environmental levels of typical organic contaminants based on regionalized modelling.

Organic contaminants (OCs) are released into the environment through effluent discharges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), posing risks to environment health. However, emissions from various source, particularly large-scale investigations across different industries, remain poorly understood. Based on both sampling and statistical data, this study estimates the emissions of 10 OCs, including perfluorooctane acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-iso-butyl phthalate (DIBP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and bisphenol A (BPA), from the effluents of 160 factories across 8 industries, 541 municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs), and 8 waste treatment plants (WTPs) in the upper Yangtze River Basin.

Moderating Effect of Green Space on Relationship Between Atmospheric Particulate Matter and Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Mortality in Ningxia, China.

Objective: This study explores the moderating effect of green space on the association between atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CCVD) mortality.

Methods: Data on CCVD mortality, PM, meteorological factors, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of green spaces in Ningxia from 2010 to 2020 were collected. A time-series generalized additive mixed-effect model (GAMM) was applied to analyze the exposure-response relationship between PM and CCVD mortality.

Interfacial sorption of 17β-E2 on nano-microplastics: effects of particle size, functional groups and hydrochemical conditions.

Nano-microplastics and 17β-E2 have been frequently detected as emerging high-concern pollutants in aquatic systems, and their interaction at the solid/liquid interface has become a research focus in environmental studies. The interfacial sorption kinetics and equilibrium characteristics of 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) on nano-polystyrene (Nano-PS) with different particle sizes and organic functional group modifications were systematically investigated in aqueous environments in this study. The interfacial interaction mechanism between Nano-PS particles and 17β-E2 was elucidated by utilizing SEM, FTIR, XPS and BET techniques.

HMGB1-mediated macrophage regulation of NF-κB activation and MMP3 upregulation in nucleus pulposus cells: A critical mechanism in the vicious cycle of intervertebral disc degeneration.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a leading cause of low back pain, primarily driven by inflammatory processes within the disc, particularly involving the infiltration and activity of macrophages. High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) has been identified as a crucial mediator in this inflammatory cascade, yet its precise role in macrophage-induced disc degeneration remains unclear. In this study, we employed a combination of in vivo and in vitro models, including genetically engineered mice with macrophage-specific overexpression of HMGB1, a rat model of IVDD, and cultured macrophages and nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), to elucidate the role of HMGB1 in IVDD.

Serum KNG and FVIII may serve as potential biomarkers for depression.

Background: The global burden of major depressive disorder (MDD) is rising, with current diagnostic methods hindered by significant subjectivity and low inter-rater reliability. Several studies have implied underlying link between coagulation-related proteins, such as kininogen (KNG) and coagulation factor VIII (FVIII), and depressive symptoms, offering new insights into the exploration of depression biomarkers. This study aims to elucidate the roles of KNG and FVIII in depression, potentially providing a foundational basis for biomarker research in this field.

Autophagy activation within inflammatory microenvironment improved the therapeutic effect of MSC-Derived extracellular Vesicle in SLE.

Introduction: Developing strategies to improve the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in autoimmune diseases have garnered increased attention.

Objectives: To evaluate whether rapamycin-induced autophagy within the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) inflammatory microenvironment (Rapa-SLE) augments the therapeutic effects of MSC-derived EVs in SLE.

Methods: The therapeutic potential of the resulting EVs (Rapa-SLE-EV) was assessed in MRL/lpr mice.

Constraint-induced movement therapy combined with intermittent theta-burst stimulation improve synaptic plasticity by inhibiting neutrophils extracellular traps formation in ipsilateral primary motor cortex of stroke rats.

The effect of Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) or Intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) alone is limited in improving motor function after a stroke. In this study, we explored the efficacy and possible mechanisms in combination of CIMT and iTBS through behavioral evaluation, RNA sequencing, Golgi staining, transmission electronic microscope (TEM), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence. Firstly, we observed that combination therapy is safe and effective, and it can significantly reduce the number of immature dendritic spines and increase the number of functional dendritic spines, the amount of glutamate (Glu) and the expression of Glu1 receptor (Glu1R).

Uncovering the active ingredients of Xinbao pill against chronic heart failure: A chemical profiling, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics integrated study.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Xinbao pill (XBP) is a renowned Chinese patent medicine, primarily efficacious in warming and nourishing the heart and kidneys, supplementing Qi to boost Yang, and promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis. XBP has been utilized for the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF) for nearly 30 years, but the lack of clarity regarding the active ingredients of XBP against CHF has hindered its clinical application and further promotion.

Aim Of The Study: To comprehensively elucidate the efficacy-specific ingredients and potential mechanism of XBP against CHF.

Tongxinluo capsules for secondary prevention after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Tongxinluo (TXL), a Chinese patent medicine, is commonly used for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events.

Aim Of The Study: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of TXL for secondary prevention after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Materials And Methods: A search for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted across seven electronic databases from inception to May 10, 2024.

Ginkgo Diterpene Lactone Meglumine for Functional Recovery in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The clinical efficacy of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine (GDLM), a Chinese patent medicine, in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has garnered attention. However, the impact of GDLM on functional recovery in AIS patients has not been systematically reviewed or meta-analyzed.

Aim Of The Study: To evaluate the functional outcomes of GDLM in AIS patients.

A deep-learning system integrating electrocardiograms and laboratory indicators for diagnosing acute aortic dissection and acute myocardial infarction.

Background: Acute Stanford Type A aortic dissection (AAD-type A) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) present with similar symptoms but require distinct treatments. Efficient differentiation is critical due to limited access to radiological equipment in many primary healthcare. This study develops a multimodal deep learning model integrating electrocardiogram (ECG) signals and laboratory indicators to enhance diagnostic accuracy for AAD-type A and AMI.

Smart self-transforming nano-systems for overcoming biological barrier and enhancing tumor treatment efficacy.

Nanomedicines need to overcome multiple biological barriers in the body to reach the target area. However, traditional nanomedicines with constant physicochemical properties are not sufficient to meet the diverse and sometimes conflicting requirements during in vivo transport, making it difficult to penetrate various biological barriers, resulting in suboptimal drug delivery efficiency. Smart self-transforming nano-systems (SSTNs), capable of altering their own physicochemical properties (including size, charge, hydrophobicity, stiffness, morphology, etc.

Latest advancements and trends in biomedical polymers for disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical application.

Biomedical polymers are at the forefront of medical advancements, offering innovative solutions in disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical use due to their exceptional physicochemical properties. This review delves into the characteristics, classification, and preparation methods of these polymers, highlighting their diverse applications in drug delivery, medical imaging, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. We present a thorough analysis of the recent advancements in biomedical polymer research and their clinical applications, acknowledging the challenges that remain, such as immune response management, controlled degradation rates, and mechanical property optimization.

The evening complex component ELF3 recruits H3K4me3 demethylases to repress PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4 and 5 in Arabidopsis.

In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), light and circadian clock signaling converge on PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) 4 and 5 to produce a daily rhythm of hypocotyl elongation. PIF4 and PIF5 expression is repressed at dusk by the evening complex (EC), consisting of EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3), ELF4, and LUX ARRHYTHMO (LUX). Here, we report that ELF3 recruits the JUMONJI (JMJ) H3K4me3 demethylases JMJ17 and JMJ18 to the PIF4 and PIF5 loci in the evening to remove their H3K4me3 marks.

Targeting pancreatic cancer glutamine dependency confers vulnerability to GPX4-dependent ferroptosis.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) relies heavily on glutamine (Gln) utilization to meet its metabolic and biosynthetic needs. How epigenetic regulators contribute to the metabolic flexibility and PDAC's response and adaptation to Gln scarcity in the tumor milieu remains largely unknown. Here, we elucidate that prolonged Gln restriction or treatment with the Gln antagonist, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), leads to growth inhibition and ferroptosis program activation in PDAC.

Akkermansia muciniphila supplementation in patients with overweight/obese type 2 diabetes: Efficacy depends on its baseline levels in the gut.

Akkermansia muciniphila is a promising target for managing obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but human studies are limited. We conducted a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 58 participants with overweight or obese T2D, who received A. muciniphila (AKK-WST01) or placebo, along with routine lifestyle guidance.

Significance of TYMS Polymorphism rs3819102 as a Prognostic Marker for Nonsmoking Lung Cancer Patients of the Han Ethnicity in China.

Introduction: With high incidence and mortality rates, lung cancer is now one of the most common cancers in the world. The 5-year survival rate of lung cancer patients is very low, and predicting the prognosis of lung cancer patients and using it to develop treatment strategies and interventions is important for prolonging the survival time of patients. Folate metabolism involves various aspects such as methylation of DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, etc.

Structural dynamics of camel milk proteins during digestion: Insights from 2D homo correlation and 2D hetero-correlation spectroscopy.

This study investigates camel milk protein structural dynamics during digestion using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Two-Dimensional Infrared (2D-IR) homo-correlation and hetero-correlation analysis. The synchronous 2DIR homo-correlation map reveals that NH bending and C-N stretching vibrations (amide II) are sensitive to digestion, indicating significant impacts on secondary structures. The asynchronous 2DIR homo-correlation indicates a stepwise process, where initial disruptions in NH interactions precede changes in CO stretching vibrations (amide I), highlighting the sequence of structural alterations during protein unfolding and degradation.

Detection of biogenic amines using a ylidenemalononitrile enamine-based fluorescence probe: Applications in food quality control.

Biogenic amines (BAs) are a class of nitrogen-containing natural organic compounds. Elevated levels of BAs are a reliable indicator of food spoilage and pose a significant risk to human health. Thus, the development of real-time sensors for BAs monitoring is crucial.

Carbon dioxide, global boiling, and climate carnage, from generation to assimilation, photocatalytic conversion to renewable fuels, and mechanism.

The increasing CO concentration in the atmosphere has substantial impacts on the global temperature. For energy sustainability and minimization of the effects of global warming, an approach to understand CO capturing and a carbon neutral culture is extremely essential in the present circumstances. The CO emission from vehicles and industries can be minimized using energy cost-effective techniques and can be converted more selectively into reusable fuels via thermochemical, electrochemical, photochemical, photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, biological and inorganic carbonate-based approaches.

NOD-like receptor protein 3 inhibition by MCC950 improves the cognitive function of rats with sepsis-associated encephalopathy.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of MCC950 in a rat model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). Adult male rats were randomly assigned to 12 groups according to the surgery or treatment received and evaluation times. The SAE model was established using the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method.

Influences of rainfall characteristics on water saving and stormwater control performances of rainwater harvesting systems.

Rainwater harvesting systems (RHS) are extensively executed to manage stormwater control and water shortage issues in cities. However, the influences of rainfall characteristics on the performances of RHS are still not deeply explored. In this research, a methodology framework is developed to explore the influences of rainfall characteristics on stormwater control and water saving performances of RHS, by using daily precipitation data during 1968-2017 at 30 stations across the Beijing region as a testbed.