TYMS Enhances Colorectal Cell Antioxidant Capacity Via the KEAP1-NRF2 Pathway to Resist Ferroptosis.

Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) is a key regulatory enzyme in DNA synthesis. We identified the biological effect and molecular mechanisms of TYMS in colorectal cancer (CRC). We employed western blot and immunohistochemistry for the assessment of TYMS expression in CRC samples.

Exosomal miR-552-5p Regulates the Role of NK Cells in EMT of Gastric Cancer via the PD-1/PD-L1 Axis.

While previous studies have established the role of exosomal miR-552-5p in promoting gastric cancer (GC) progression, the exact mechanisms through which it modulates the PD-1/PD-L1 axis to affect NK cell function and subsequently influence GC epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) remain to be elucidated. Western blot, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nanoparticle tracking analysis were used to characterize exosomes that were isolated from GC cell supernatants. Subcutaneous AGS cell injections expressing either Lv-miR-552-5p or Lv-NC were administered to nude BALB/C mice.

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 is a promising prognostic biomarker that correlates with peritumoral dendritic cell infiltration in glioblastoma.

Despite the growing interest in Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2) as a potential biomarker in cancer research, studies on its clinical relevance and biological processes in glioblastoma are still unexplored. Three main glioma cohorts (TCGA, CGGA, Rembrandt) were extracted to exploit the association between PCK2 expression and clinical relevance through Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect PCK2 expression in glioma samples.

NCAPG promotes the malignant progression of endometrioid cancer through LEF1/SEMA7A/PI3K-AKT.

NCAPG promotes the progression of endometrial cancer (EC) through PI3K-AKT pathway and has potential as a novel tumor marker. However, the precise regulatory mechanism of NCAPG remains inadequately understood. In this study, we applied Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-Seq) analysis combined with chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR (CHIP) and Co-Immunoprecipitation (CoIP) analysis to analysis for the first time that NCAPG promotes EC cell proliferation, migration and invasion by affecting the binding of LEF1 to chromatin, thereby affecting the transcription of downstream SEMA7A.

MicroRNA MTCO3P38 Inhibits the TMOD1/MMP13 Pathway to Alleviate the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest types of tumors. MicroRNA (miRNA) MTCO3P38 is a novel miRNA derived from the pseudogene MTCO3P38 with 18 nucleotides in length. The target genes of miR-MTCO3P38 were predicted by Targetscan, RNAhybrid and PITA.

Polymorphisms in the gene and neuroblastoma risk in Chinese children from Jiangsu province.

Neuroblastoma is the most prevalent extracranial solid tumor among children and exhibits remarkable heterogeneity. The methylation of cytosine to form 5-methylcytosine (m5C) is the primary type of modification found in DNA and RNA. The NOL1/NOP2/sun (NSUN) family, specifically NSUN1, is responsible for the methylation process and has been shown to play a key role in cell differentiation and cancer development.

Machine Learning-based Prognostic Model for Brain Metastasis Patients: Insights from Blood Test Analysis.

Brain metastases, affecting 30% of solid tumor patients, have a substantial impact on clinical outcomes. Developing a clinically feasible and precise prognostic model is crucial for personalized and comprehensive treatment. Parameters from blood test were collected from brain metastases patients, and were used to construct the four models, including univariate Cox regression, stepwise regression, LASSO regression, and random survival forest (RSF).

Genetically Predicted Immune Cell Traits Mediate the Causal Association Between Plasma Metabolites and Colorectal Cancer.

Relevant studies have demonstrated that plasma metabolites and immune cell characteristics are closely related to colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the causal relationship among these factors remains unclear, particularly regarding whether immune cell traits mediate the causal link between plasma metabolites and CRC. This study employed a two-step, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to assess causal associations between 1,400 plasma metabolites, 731 immune cell traits, and CRC.

Lentinan inhibits melanoma development by regulating the AKT/Nur77/Bcl-2 signaling axis.

Melanoma is a highly malignant and difficult-to-treat skin cancer. Many researchers are exploring natural products for its treatment. Lentinan (LNT), extracted from , exerts strong anti-tumor effects.

The prebiotic potential of lactobin and glucans combined with goat's milk in cats.

Prebiotics are important for gut health and immunity in animals and could promote the growth of beneficial bacteria. The objective of this study was to investigate the prebiotic potential of lactobin and glucans when combined with goat's milk in the diet of cats. Twenty-four healthy cats (all about 2 y old) were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups.

Distribution and Conservation of .

With global warming and increasingly intensified human activities, numerous species are on the verge of extinction, ca. 28% of living species are threatened globally, although conservation of endangered species has received worldwide attention. It remains unclear if threatened species have been appropriately conserved or not.

Rational Fabrication of Functionally-Graded Surfaces for Biological and Biomedical Applications.

As a ubiquitous feature of the biological world, gradation, in either composition or structure, is essential to many functions and processes. Taking protein gradation as an example, it plays a pivotal role in the development and evolution of human bodies, including stimulation and direction of the outgrowth of peripheral nerves in a developing fetus. It is also critically involved in wound healing by attracting and guiding immune cells to the site of injury or infection.

Relationship between exosomes and cancer: formation, diagnosis, and treatment.

Exosomes are a member of extracellular vesicles. However, their biological characteristics differ from those of other vesicles, and recently, their powerful functions as information molecules, biomarkers, and carriers have been demonstrated. Malignancies are the leading cause of high morbidity and mortality worldwide.

Artemisinin Suppressed Melanoma Recurrence and Metastasis after Radical Surgery through the KIT/PI3K/AKT Pathway.

Cancer radical surgery is the primary treatment for melanoma, but almost all malignant melanoma patients get recurrence and metastasis after surgery and are eventually dead. This clinical dilemma appeals to better drugs for post-surgery therapy. Artemisinin is a safe and effective antimalarial drug used in the clinic for decades.

BRAF-activated ARSI suppressed EREG-mediated ferroptosis to promote BRAF (mutant) papillary thyroid carcinoma progression and sorafenib resistance.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer, and patients with the BRAF mutation often exhibit aggressive tumor behavior. Here, we identified Arylsulfatase I (ARSI) as a gene whose expression was significantly upregulated in BRAF PTC and was associated with poor prognosis. High ARSI expression correlated with advanced disease stage, BRAF mutation, and worse overall survival in PTC patients.

Targeting protein modification: a new direction for immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer.

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) alter protein conformation by covalently attaching functional groups to substrates, influencing their biological activity, mechanisms of action, and functional performance. PTMs and their interactions are essential to many critical signal transduction processes, including tumor transformation, cancer progression, and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Additionally, advancements in tumor immunotherapy indicate that PTMs are essential in immune cell activation, transport, and energy metabolism.

Quantitative Histopathology Analysis Based on Label-free Multiphoton Imaging for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy Response Assessment.

Accurate diagnosis and assessment of breast cancer treatment responses are critical challenges in clinical practice, influencing patient treatment strategies and ultimately long-term prognosis. Currently, diagnosing breast cancer and evaluating the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy (NAIT) primarily rely on pathological identification of tumor cell morphology, count, and arrangement. However, when tumors are small, the tumors and tumor beds are difficult to detect; relying solely on tumor cell identification may lead to false negatives.

IGF1R Enhances Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Reprogramming Metabolism via the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling.

Kidney stone disease is a major risk factor for impaired renal function, leading to renal fibrosis and end-stage renal disease. High global prevalence and recurrence rate pose a significant threat to human health and healthcare resources. Investigating the mechanisms of kidney stone-induced injury is crucial.

TBX21 inhibits colorectal cancer metastasis through ARHGAP29/GSK3β inhibitory signaling- and MYCT1/ZO-1 signaling-dependent manner.

T-box transcription factor 21 (TBX21) plays a vital role in regulating immune responses, systemic diseases, and tumor progression. However, the role of TBX21 in colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis remains unclear. In this study, we observed that TBX21 expression was marked decreased in CRC tissues compared to normal tissues and was negatively correlated with TNM stages.

CircMVP promotes METTL3 activation mediated CTNNB1 m6A modification in the inhibition of colorectal cancer in B7-H3 dependence antitumor immunity.

The effect of immunotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC) is limited due to anti-tumor immunosuppression. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are also associated with tumor immunity. The aim of this study was to clarify the regulatory relationship between circRNA and anti-tumor immunosuppression in CRC.

METTL16 suppresses ferroptosis in cholangiocarcinoma by promoting ATF4 via mA modification.

N6-methyladenosine (mA) modification is the most common post-transcriptional modifications, which is critical for the metabolism of ferroptosis-related RNAs. Yet, the impact of mA modification on ferroptosis in cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is far from clear. Public databases and tissue arrays were applied to explore the clinical relevance of METTL16 in CC.

Ganglioside GA2-mediated caspase-11 activation drives macrophage pyroptosis aggravating intimal hyperplasia after arterial injury.

Intimal hyperplasia (IH) remains a significant clinical problem, causing vascular intervention failure. This study aimed to elucidate whether gangliosides GA2 accumulated in atherosclerotic mouse aortae and plasma promote the development of IH. We identified that GA2 was remarkably accumulated in both artery and plasma of atherosclerotic patients and mice.

Mechanical stretch-induced IGF2 overexpression in epidermal keratinocytes promotes hypertrophic scar formation through the IGF1R/p-c-Jun axis.

Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is a mitogenic peptide hormone expressed by various tissues. Although it is three times more abundant in serum than IGF1, its physiological and pathological roles are yet to be fully understood. Previous transcriptome sequencing studies have shown that IGF2 expression is increased in hypertrophic scar (HS); however, its role in HS formation and the underlying mechanism remains elusive.

The role of RGC degeneration in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and axonal degeneration, resulting in irreversible vision impairment. While intraocular pressure (IOP) is presently acknowledged as the sole modifiable risk factor, the sensitivity of RGCs to IOP varies among individuals. Consequently, progressive vision loss may ensue even when IOP is effectively managed.

DUSP3 restrains the progression and stemness property of osteosarcoma through regulating EGFR/STAT3/SOX2 axis.

Dual-specificity phosphatase 3 (DUSP3) is a small-molecule dual-specificity phosphatase whose function has not yet been elucidated. This study investigated the effects of DUSP3 on the biological behavior of osteosarcoma and its potential mechanisms. We performed bioinformatics analysis of DUSP3 using "The Cancer Genome Atlas" and "The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource" databases.