Screening and characterizing indigenous yeasts, lactic acid bacteria, and acetic acid bacteria from cocoa fermentation in Hainan for aroma Development.

Fermentation is crucial for inducing desirable flavor and aroma profiles in cocoa products. This research focused on identifying microbial strains isolated from spontaneous cocoa fermentation in Hainan through 16S and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequencing. Pectinase activity was screened, and metabolic dynamics of sugars and organic acids were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Silicate-Confined Hydrogen on Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron for Efficient Defluorination Reactions.

Defluorination reactions are increasingly vital due to the extensive use of organofluorine compounds with robust carbon-fluorine (C-F) bonds; particularly, the efficient defluorination of widespread and persistent per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances under mild conditions is crucial due to their accumulation in the environment and human body. Herein, we demonstrate that surface-modified silicate of pronounced proton affinity can confine active hydrogen (•H) onto nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) by withdrawing electrons from nZVI to react with bound protons, generating confined active hydrogen (•H) for efficient defluorination under ambient conditions. The exposed silicon cation (Si) of silicate functions as a Lewis acid site to activate the C-F bond by forming Si.

Topologically Engineered High- Quasi-BIC Metasurfaces for Enhanced Near-Infrared Emission in PbS Quantum Dots.

Enhancing photoluminescence (PL) efficiency in colloidal quantum dots is pivotal for next-generation near-infrared photodetectors, imaging systems, and photonic devices. Conventional methods, especially metal-based plasmonic structures, suffer from large optical losses, which limits their practical use. Here, we introduce a quasi-bound state in the continuum (quasi-BIC) metasurface on a silicon-on-insulator platform, tailored to provide high-quality factor resonances with minimized losses.

Red-Shifted and Enhanced Photoluminescence Emissions from Hydrogen-Bonded Multicomponent Nontraditional Luminogens.

Nontraditional luminogens (NTLs) without large π-conjugated aromatic structures have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. Developing NTLs with red-shifted and enhanced emissions remains a great challenge. In this work, we developed a NTL composed of three components, i.

Recent advances in research on biomass-based food packaging film materials.

Although traditional petroleum-based packaging materials pose environmental problems, biodegradable packaging materials have attracted extensive attention from research and industry for their environmentally friendly properties. Bio-based films, as an alternative to petroleum-based packaging films, demonstrate their significant advantages in terms of environmental friendliness and resource sustainability. This paper provides an insight into the development of biomass food packaging films such as cellulose, starch, chitosan, and gelatine, including their properties, methods of preparation (e.

The role of audiological features and horizontal semicircular canal function at various frequencies in vestibular migraine and Menière's disease.

Background: Vestibular migraine (VM) and Menière's disease (MD) have numerous overlapping symptoms. Distinguishing the two common recurrent vestibulopathies was challenging.

Objectives: To assess the characteristics of hearing loss and the horizontal semicircular canal function in VM and MD.

SKP1-CUL1-F-box: Key molecular targets affecting disease progression.

The correct synthesis and degradation of proteins are vital for numerous biological processes in the human body, with protein degradation primarily facilitated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The SKP1-CUL1-F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase, a member of the Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL) family, plays a crucial role in mediating protein ubiquitination and subsequent 26S proteasome degradation during normal cellular metabolism. Notably, SCF is intricately linked to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including malignant tumors.

Three dimensional CNTs interweaved layered MnTe nanoparticles as a new cathode for aqueous zinc ion battery.

Currently, the development of suitable transition metal chalcogenides (TMDs) for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) is plagued by the terrible conductivity and electrochemical properties. Herein, a one-step ball milling method is applied to enhance the conductivity of commercial MnTe cathode by constructing three dimensional (3D) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) interweaved MnTe nanoparticles (abbreviated as MnTe@CNTs), which can achieve ultrafast ion conduction. The stable electrochemistry properties benefit from the synergistic effects between layered MnTe and 3D CNTs, which can improve the electrons/ions diffusion kinetics as cycling.

Navigating the landscape of plant proteomics.

In plants, proteins are fundamental to virtually all biological processes, such as photosynthesis, signal transduction, metabolic regulation, and stress responses. Studying protein distribution, function, modifications, and interactions at the cellular and tissue levels is critical for unraveling the complexities of these biological pathways. Protein abundance and localization are highly dynamic and vary widely across the proteome, presenting a challenge for global protein quantification and analysis.

Lower Risk of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Conduction System Pacing Compared With Right Ventricular Pacing.

Background: Conduction system pacing (CSP) has been reported to improve clinical outcomes in comparison of right ventricular pacing (RVP). However, the performance between CSP and RVP on the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) remains elusive.

Methods: Four online databases were systematically searched up to July 1, 2024.

Oxygen Vacancy-Mediated Microflower-like BiOI for Reactive Oxygen Species Generation through Piezo-Photocoupling Effect.

Photocatalytic reactive oxygen species (ROS) evolution with BiOI still suffers from sluggish charge carrier dynamics and limited light absorption. Herein, abundant oxygen vacancies (OVs) were introduced into the microflower-like BiOI, and its ROS generation toward organic dye degradation under the synergistic effect of visible light and ultrasound irradiation was investigated. Benefiting from the broadened visible-light absorption range, stronger piezoresponse, and higher carrier transport efficiency in OV-enriched BiOI (2-PEG-BiOI), both its photocatalytic and piezocatalytic degradations were improved.

Cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, and nicotine metabolite ratio indicate association between smoking and tooth loss.

Background: Previous research has indicated a potential connection between smoking and tooth loss, but it remains unclear how the metabolites of nicotine, cotinine (COT) and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine (HC), and the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) affect the occurrence and progress of tooth loss. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between tooth loss and smoking metabolites, then verify how the systemic immunoinflammatory index (SII) or monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) levels mediate this process.

Methods: The cross-sectional study data were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Taming chimeras in coupled oscillators using soft actor-critic based reinforcement learning.

We propose a universal method based on deep reinforcement learning (specifically, soft actor-critic) to control the chimera state in the coupled oscillators. The policy for control is learned by maximizing the expectation of the cumulative reward in the reinforcement learning framework. With the aid of the local order parameter, we design a class of reward functions for controlling the chimera state, specifically confining the spatial position of coherent and incoherent domains to any desired lateral position of oscillators.

Double reactive oxygen species system photoinduced by Cu NCs: synergistic catalysis of phenylacetylene self-coupling reaction.

Atomically precise nanoclusters (NCs) can serve as an excellent platform for a comprehensive understanding of structure-property relationships. Herein, three structurally similar Cu NCs (Cu-1, Cu-2 and Cu-3) have been prepared for the photocatalytic phenylacetylene self-coupling reaction. It was found that Cu-1 NC achieved the highest turnover number (TON) of 524.

Recent transformations of vinylidene cyclopropanes (VDCPs).

Methodological studies on the transformations of vinylidene cyclopropanes (VDCPs) have been substantially developed in the past few decades, and significant progress has been achieved in visible light-mediated, non-metal-related, and transition metal-catalyzed processes. In particular, when reactive functional groups are introduced into the backbone of VDCPs, a variety of cascade or sequential transformations can take place to produce more complex cyclic or polycyclic compounds. This review describes the recent advancements in this field.

Metabolome modification and underlying biomarker of noise-induced hearing loss Guinea pig cochlear fluid.

Background: Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a kind of acquired sensorineural hearing loss and has shown an increasing incidence in recent years. Hence, elucidating the exact pathophysiological mechanisms and proposing effective treatment and prevention methods become the top priority. Though a great number of researches have been carried out on NIHL, few of them were focused on metabolites.

Associations of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cell levels and imbalance with recurrent spontaneous abortion: A meta-analysis.

Objective: Abnormal levels and imbalances of T cell subsets are common in recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) patients, but most studies have small sample sizes, and comprehensive evaluations are lacking. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively investigate T cell subsets and their ratios in RSA patients.

Methods: Four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases) were searched until 10 January 2024.

Ferritin From Striped Stem Borer (Chilo suppressalis) Oral Secretion Acts as an Effector Helping to Maintain Iron Homoeostasis and Impair Defenses in Rice.

The striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis, SSB) is a highly destructive insect pest in rice (Oryza sativa). SSB oral secretions (OSs) can induce plant defense responses in rice. However, the specific effectors in SSB OSs that mediate these interactions with rice remain poorly understood.

Chemical proteomic profiling reveals prostaglandin termination enzyme PTGR2 as a key molecular target of natural coumarin fraxetin.

Natural coumarins represent a diverse group of secondary metabolites with a wide range of biological activities. However, their specific molecular targets have remained largely unexplored. Employing chemical proteomics, a comprehensive analysis of the protein targets of the natural coumarin fraxetin has been conducted.

Metal Bis(acyclic diaminocarbene)-Derived Homochiral Organometallic Frameworks: Synthesis and Asymmetric Catalytic Application.

As an indispensable member of the reticular material family, metal-carbon-based organometallic frameworks (OMFs) remain largely underexplored, and no chiral OMFs (COMFs) have been reported thus far. Herein, we first report the construction of COMFs from a Pd-isocyanide OMF via nucleophilic addition to the Pd-isocyanide moiety with optically pure amines. The obtained Pd-bis(acyclic diaminocarbene) (Pd-BADC)-derived chiral OMFs display excellent applicability and can be reusable chiral catalysts to highly promote asymmetric Strecker and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions in a heterogeneous way.

Dual Ratiometric Fluorescence Sensors Based on Chiral Carbon Dots for the Sensitive and Specific Detection of Arginine.

Arginine (Arg) is involved in tissue metabolism and regulates the immune function; thereby, achieving the detection of Arg is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Herein, dual ratiometric fluorescence sensors were prepared with the blue emission of levorotatory/dextrorotatory carbon dots (CDs) and the red emission of porphyrin (L/D-CDs-PP) for the sensitive and portable detection of Arg. Interestingly, L-CDs-PP and D-CDs-PP displayed not only the dual emission peaks at 493 and 650 nm but also different response modes to Arg; thus, they could serve as dual ratiometric fluorescence sensors to achieve the accurate and reliable detection of Arg, with the detection limit of 23.

Sodium Ion Diffusion Behavior in Multiple Open/Closed Pore Ratios of Novel β-Cyclodextrin-Derived Hard Carbon Anode Materials.

Plateau-dominated hard carbon with a high rate of performance is challenging to obtain, and the in-depth mechanism of pore structure on the diffusion of sodium ions remains unclear. In this study, a facile liquid-phase molecular reconstruction strategy is proposed to regulate the orientation of the β-cyclodextrin molecules and prepare spherical hard carbon with continuous and ordered pore channels. Through detailed characterization, this approach is confirmed to optimize the accumulation of Na in the dispersion region, thus improving the plateau kinetics and enhancing the utilization of closed pores.

Ice-Confined Synthesis of Stacked Polymer Nanospheres as Osmotic Power Generation Membranes.

Osmotic power extracts electricity from salinity gradients and provides a viable route toward clean energy. To improve the energy conversion efficiency, common strategies rely on fabricating precisely controlled nanopores to meet the requirements of high ionic conductivity and selectivity. We report ion transport through the free-volume networks in stacked polymer nanospheres for osmotic power harvesting.