Highly selective peptide-based fluorescent probe with aggregation induced emission (AIE) for detection of chondroitin sulfate and its application in living cells and zebrafish imaging.

Chondroitin sulfate (CS), as a kind of acid mucosaccharide with natural activity, has shown various physiological activities in human body due to its advantages of high biocompatibility, good degradability and little side effects. Herein, a novel and simple peptide probe (TPE-ASRH) based on tetraphenylethene (TPE) and tetrapeptide (Ala-Ser-Arg-His-NH) was designed and synthesized. TPE-ASRH displayed remarkable aggregation induced emission (AIE) characteristic in DMSO/water binary mixture.

Improving transferability of adversarial examples via statistical attribution-based attacks.

Adversarial attacks are significant in uncovering vulnerabilities and assessing the robustness of deep neural networks (DNNs), offering profound insights into their internal mechanisms. Feature-level attacks, a potent approach, craft adversarial examples by extensively corrupting the intermediate-layer features of the source model during each iteration. However, it often has imprecise metrics to assess the significance of features and may impose constraints on the transferability of adversarial examples.

Probabilistic memory auto-encoding network for abnormal behavior detection in surveillance video.

Abnormal behavior detection in surveillance video, as one of the essential functions in the intelligent surveillance system, plays a vital role in anti-terrorism, maintaining stability, and ensuring social security. Aiming at the problem of extremely imbalance between normal behavior data and abnormal behavior data, the probabilistic memory model-based network is designed to learn from the distribution of normal behaviors and guide the detection of abnormal behavior. An auto-encoding model is employed as the backbone network, and the gap between the predicted future frame and the real frame is used to measure the degree of abnormality.

Towards zero-shot human-object interaction detection via vision-language integration.

Human-object interaction (HOI) detection aims to locate human-object pairs and identify their interaction categories in images. Most existing methods primarily focus on supervised learning, which relies on extensive manual HOI annotations. Such heavy reliance on closed-set supervised learning limits their generalization capabilities to unseen object categories.

Graph Neural Networks with Coarse- and Fine-Grained Division for mitigating label noise and sparsity.

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have gained considerable prominence in semi-supervised learning tasks in processing graph-structured data, primarily owing to their message-passing mechanism, which largely relies on the availability of clean labels. However, in real-world scenarios, labels on nodes of graphs are inevitably noisy and sparsely labeled, significantly degrading the performance of GNNs. Exploring robust GNNs for semi-supervised node classification in the presence of noisy and sparse labels remains a critical challenge.

Comparative transcriptome analysis provides insights into ABA alleviating postharvest physiological deterioration of cassava.

Cassava, a staple crop in tropical regions, suffers from rapid postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD), limiting its shelf life. Although abscisic acid (ABA) has shown potential in alleviating PPD, the underlying regulatory pathways remain largely unexplored. In this study, physiological assays demonstrated that exogenous ABA alleviated PPD in cassava by decreasing HO content.

Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed the overlapping response mechanisms of banana to cold and drought stress.

Banana (Musa spp.), a vital tropical fruit and food crop, faces significant challenges from cold and drought stress, which threaten its productivity. Uncovering the overlapping mechanisms of crop responses to abiotic stresses is essential for the development of multi-resistant crop varieties.

An Au-Se bond-based fluorescent nanoprobe for thermophoretic aggregation imaging of exosomal miRNAs.

Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently gained prominence as promising biomarkers for non-invasive lung cancer screening. In this study, we innovatively developed an innovative fluorescent nanoprobe based on stable Au-Se bonds to detect lung cancer-associated miRNAs in exosomes. This nanoprobe integrates gold nanoparticles with selenated DNA molecular beacons (MBs) conjugated via 1,4-phenyldiisothiocyanate (PDITC).

Progress in the application of functionalized covalent organic framework for bioanalysis.

As a new type of crystalline porous polymer materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with their unique features such as large surface area, tunable pore sizes, strong π-π stacking effect and size exclusion effects, have attracted wide attention in the analytical field. Due to the lack of catalytically active metal centers in bare COFs, functionalized COFs that are hybridized or modified with nanomaterials improve reactive activation and show better analytical performance for a variety of detection scenarios with complex analytes. Herein, we focused on the functionalized COFs used in bioanalysis ranging from nucleic acids, peptides, and proteins, to microorganisms, and discussed the functionalization strategy and unique structures and properties applied in the different stages of biosensing and advantages compared to other hybrid materials.

Dual single nucleotide polymorphisms typing of apolipoprotein E gene based on double restriction endonuclease with lambda exonuclease and triple helix molecular switch assistance.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are critical determinants of disease susceptibility, pathogenesis, and drug response, underscoring the need for their accurate monitoring in clinical practice. In this study, we propose a novel apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping method for the rapid and precise identification of six genotypes (ε2/ε2, ε3/ε3, ε4/ε4, ε2/ε3, ε2/ε4, and ε3/ε4). The method utilizes restriction endonucleases AflIII and HaeII to selectively cleave the rs429358 and rs7412 sites, thereby generating distinct double-stranded DNA fragments.

Monte Carlo simulation of La/La cyclotron production.

The pair La/La presents considerable potential for theranostic applications in nuclear medicine. Consequently, the implementation of a simulated production process for La/La is crucial to identify a cost-efficient approach. This study utilized the Monte Carlo method to simulate and assess the bombardment parameters and production conditions for generating La/La via a proton cyclotron.

Effects of γ-ray irradiation on insect pests, physicochemical properties, and microbial community of strong-flavor Daqu during maturation.

Daqu is the fermentation starter of Chinese Baijiu, which is one of the six major types of liquor in the world. However, the incubation and maturation processes of Daqu are prone to infestation by pests, resulting in compromised quality and decreased grade. Irradiation technology, as an effective insecticide, has been applied to the insecticide treatment of grain.

Sarcopenic obesity and the risk of atrial fibrillation in non-diabetic older adults: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Evidence of an association between sarcopenic obesity (SO) and the risk of long-term atrial fibrillation (AF) is lacking, and the underlying involvement of insulin resistance (IR) and inflammation is not clear.

Methods: This community-based prospective cohort study evaluated sarcopenia, obesity, and baseline clinical characteristics in 4321 non-diabetic older adults between 2007 and 2011. Sarcopenia was identified using skeletal muscle mass/body weight (SMM/BW), appendicular lean mass (ALM)/BW, and handgrip strength (HGS), and obesity was identified by fat mass (FM)/BW.

Huanglian Jiedu Tang regulates the inflammatory microenvironment to alleviate the progression of breast cancer by inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK pathway.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a prevalent malignancy among women with strong heterogeneity. This study is designed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Huanglian Jiedu Tang (HLJDT) on BC progression and reveal its potential mechanism.

Methods: The effects of different concentrates of HLJDT on the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of BC cells were measured by CCK-8 assay, EdU staining, scratch test, and transwell assay, respectively.

Risk factors for complications of tissue expansion: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This study aimed to summarize risk factors for complications of tissue expansion using a meta-analysis of cohort studies.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from January 1985 to January 2025 for retrospective cohort studies investigating at least one potential risk factor for complications of tissue expansion. The quality of individual studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

Lactate levels and the modified age-adjusted quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score are fair predictors of mortality in critically ill pediatric patients.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive accuracy of baseline lactate levels and the modified age-adjusted quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score in forecasting mortality in critically ill pediatric patients.

Methods: A retrospective single-center analysis was conducted on patients aged ≤18 years admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2023. The predictive performance of lactate levels at baseline and that of the modified age-adjusted qSOFA score were compared in terms of mortality.

Computational bases of domain-specific action anticipation superiority in experts: Kinematic invariants mapping.

While experts consistently demonstrate superior action anticipation within their domains, the computational mechanisms underlying this ability remain unclear. This study investigated how the processing of kinematic invariants contributes to expert performance by examining table tennis players, volleyball players, and novices across two table tennis serve anticipation tasks using normal and point-light displays. Employing the kinematic coding framework, we established encoding and readout models to predict both actual action outcomes and participants' responses.

HWA-ResMamba: automatic segmentation of coronary arteries based on residual Mamba with high-order wavelet-enhanced convolution and attention feature aggregation.

Automatic segmentation of coronary arteries is a crucial prerequisite in assisting in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. However, due to the fuzzy boundaries, small-slender branches, and significant individual variations, automatic segmentation of coronary arteries is extremely challenging. To address these challenges, this study proposes a residual Mamba with high-order wavelet-enhanced convolution and attention feature aggregation (HWA-ResMamba).

Wogonoside ameliorates oxidative damage in tubular epithelial cells of diabetic nephropathy by modulating the HNF4A-NRF2 axis.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a leading cause of end-stage renal disease, presents significant challenges due to its complex pathophysiology and limited effective treatment options. Increasing evidence suggests that tubular injury is an early event preceding glomerular damage in DN. Wogonoside, a natural flavonoid derived from Scutellaria baicalensis, has not been previously reported for DN treatment.

Bioinformatics analysis, immunogenicity, and therapeutic efficacy evaluation of a novel multi-stage, multi-epitope DNA vaccine for tuberculosis.

Background: The global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic remains severe. We aimed to develop a therapeutic DNA vaccine as an adjunct to TB treatment to improve efficacy.

Methods: The W545 DNA vaccine was constructed using the M.

The active ingredient β-sitosterol in the anti-inflammatory agents alleviates perianal inflammation in rats by inhibiting the expression of Srebf2, activating the PPAR signaling pathway, and altering the composition of gut microbiota.

Background: Anti-inflammatory herbal formulations are common in traditional Chinese medicine for clearing heat and detoxifying; however, the specific active components and their mechanisms remain unclear.

Objective: This study investigates the role of Sitosterol in alleviating perianal inflammation and its underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Sitosterol was identified as a key active ingredient through the TCMSP database.

Indole-3-propionic acid alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice through macrophage glycolipid metabolism.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory bowel disease for which current therapeutic approaches still face many dilemmas, and targeting macrophage polarization and metabolism for the treatment of this disease is a potentially effective strategy. The gut microbial metabolite indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) has favorable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and plays a role in a variety of disease models. IPA is effective in the treatment of UC, but the underlying mechanisms have not been well explored.

Dietary succinate supplementation alleviates DSS-induced colitis via the IL-4Rα/Hif-1α Axis.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains a pressing global health challenge, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. Succinate, a metabolite known for its role in type 2 immunity and tuft cell activation in the small intestine, presents its potential in IBD management. However, its impact on colonic inflammation has not been explored.

Thiolutin, a novel NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, mitigates IgA nephropathy in mice.

NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) pathogenesis. Thiolutin (THL) is an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor with anti-inflammatory effects, but its role in IgAN is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the protective efficacy of THL in IgAN mice, alongside assessing its inhibitory mechanisms.