Rapid and Non-Targeted Qualitative and Quantitative Detection of miRNA in Complex Biological Samples Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry with a 3-Aminoquinoline and 2',4',6'-Trihydroxyacetophenone Ionic Liquid Matrix.

A novel ionic liquid MALDI matrix, 3-aminoquinoline/2',4',6'-trihydroxyacetophenone monohydrate (3-AQ/THAP), was developed for the rapid qualitative and quantitative detection of miRNA from biological samples. Compared to the traditional matrix 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) and previously reported oligonucleotide-specific matrices, such as 3-aminopicolinic acid (3-APA), 3-hydroxypicolinic acid (3-HPA), and 6-aza-2-thiothymine (ATT), the 3-AQ/THAP matrix offers several advantages. It produces fewer alkali metal adduct peaks, exhibits higher sensitivity, and ensures better spot-to-spot repeatability.

Unveiling the Promoting Effects of Zr and the Hydrothermal Treatment on the NH-SCR Activity of the Cu-SAPO-18 Catalyst.

Selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH(NH-SCR) remains challenging for diesel vehicles due to the complex exhaust condition. Cu-SAPO-18 zeolite has emerged as an efficient catalyst for the NH-SCR process, attributed to its unique small pore configuration and high NH-SCR activity. Herein, Zr-modified Cu-SAPO-18 has been fabricated and evaluated for the reduction of NO.

Modular Metabolic Engineering of for Enhanced Production of Ursolic Acid.

Ursolic acid, a plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other bioactive properties, holds significant potential for use in nutritional supplements and drug development. However, its extraction from medicinal plants is inefficient due to low yield and dependence on seasonality and geography. Herein, we use modular metabolic engineering to enhance ursolic acid production in by dividing the biosynthetic pathway into five modules.

Natural variations in and its neighboring confer yellow seed with elevated oil content in .

Seed color is a critical quality trait in numerous plant species. In oilseed crops, including rapeseed and mustard, yellow seeds are distinguished by their significantly higher oil content and faster germination rates compared to black or brown counterparts. Despite the agronomic significance of the yellow seeds being a prime breeding target, the mechanisms underlying elevated oil content remain obscure.

CBX2 suppresses interferon signaling to diminish tumor immunogenicity via a noncanonical corepressor complex.

Chromobox 2 (CBX2), a crucial component of the polycomb repressive complex (PRC), has been implicated in the development of various human cancers. However, its role in the regulation of tumor immunogenicity and immune evasion remains inadequately understood. In this study, we found that ablation of CBX2 led to tumor growth inhibition, activation of the tumor immune microenvironment, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD1 or adoptive T cell therapies by using murine syngeneic tumor models.

Impaired spatial coding of the hippocampus in a dentate gyrus hypoplasia mouse model.

The hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is thought to orthogonalize inputs from the entorhinal cortex (pattern separation) and relay this information to the CA3 region. In turn, attractor dynamics in CA3 perform a pattern completion or error correction operation before sending its output to CA1. In a mouse model of congenital hypoplasia of the DG, a deficiency in the (Wls) gene, specifically in cells expressing , which targets neuronal progenitors, led to an almost total absence of dentate granule cells and modestly impaired performance in spatial tasks.

Establishment and application of a zebrafish model of Werner syndrome identifies sapanisertib as a potential antiaging drug.

Aging is a complex process that affects multiple organs, and the discovery of a pharmacological approach to ameliorate aging is considered the Holy Grail of medicine. Here, we performed an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea forward genetic screening in zebrafish and identified an accelerated aging mutant named (), harboring a mutation in the - () gene. Loss of leads to a short lifespan and age-related characteristics in the intestine of zebrafish embryos, such as cellular senescence, genomic instability, and epigenetic alteration.

Suppressed Degradation Process of PBDB-TF-T1:BTP-4F-12-Based Organic Solar Cells with Solid Additive Atums Green.

Solid additives have garnered significant attention due to their numerous advantages over liquid additives. This study explores the potential of the green-fluorescent conjugated polymer denoted Atums Green as a solid additive in green-solvent-based PBDB-TF-T1:BTP-4F-12 solar cells. Even tiny amounts of Atums Green doping significantly improve the device performance.

Advances in clinical translation of stem cell-based therapy in neurological diseases.

Stem cell-based therapies have raised considerable interest to develop regenerative treatment for neurological disorders with high disability. In this review, we focus on recent preclinical and clinical evidence of stem cell therapy in the treatment of degenerative neurological diseases and discuss different cell types, delivery routes and biodistribution of stem cell therapy. In addition, recent advances of mechanistic insights of stem cell therapy, including functional replacement by exogenous cells, immunomodulation and paracrine effects of stem cell therapies are also demonstrated.

Arthroscopic-assisted uniportal spinal surgery for treatment of lumbar burst fractures complicated with neurological symptoms: a case report.

Lumbar burst fractures account for 21% to 58% of all thoracolumbar fractures. L5 lumbar burst fractures are rare, comprising 1.2% of spinal burst fractures.

Improved GOA-based fuzzy PI speed control of PMSM with predictive current regulation.

To address the susceptibility of conventional vector control systems for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) to motor parameter variations and load disturbances, a novel control method combining an improved Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) with a variable universe fuzzy Proportional-Integral (PI) controller is proposed, building upon standard fuzzy PI control. First, the diversity of the population and the global exploration capability of the algorithm are enhanced through the integration of the Cauchy mutation strategy and uniform distribution strategy. Subsequently, the fusion of Cauchy mutation and opposition-based learning, along with modifications to the optimal position, further improves the algorithm's ability to escape local optima.

Casz1 is required for both inner hair cell fate stabilization and outer hair cell survival.

Cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs) require different transcription factors for their cell fate stabilization and survival, suggesting separate mechanisms are involved. Here, we found that the transcription factor Casz1 was crucial for early IHC fate consolidation and for OHC survival during mouse development. Loss of Casz1 resulted in transdifferentiation of IHCs into OHCs, without affecting OHC production.

Banished from CERN, Russian physicists regroup.

Breakdown in collaboration leads many scientists to look to domestic projects-and to China.

A feature-based approach for atlas selection in automatic pelvic segmentation.

Accurate and efficient automatic segmentation is essential for various clinical tasks such as radiotherapy treatment planning. However, atlas-based segmentation still faces challenges due to the lack of representative atlas dataset and the computational limitations of deformation algorithms. In this work, we have proposed an atlas selection procedure (subset atlas grouping approach, MAS-SAGA) which utilized both image similarity and volume features for selecting the best-fitting atlases for contour propagation.

Penehyclidine for postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients receiving general anesthesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication of general anesthesia. This affects 30-80% of patients, and leads to discomfort and extended hospital stays. The effectiveness of penehyclidine for preventing PONV remains a subject of debate in the literature.

Effects of gastrointestinal parasites on fecal glucocorticoids and behaviour in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus).

Relationships between parasites, host physiology, and behaviours are complex. Parasites can influence host hormonal microenvironment and behaviour through "sickness behaviours" that generally conserve energy. Using a parasite removal experiment, we examined the effects of gastrointestinal parasites on fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGC) and behaviours of vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) at Lake Nabugabo, Uganda.

Predicting the risk of bone metastases in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer - Development and validation of a nomogram model.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a nomogram model that predicts the risk of bone metastasis (BM) in a prostate cancer (PCa) population.

Methods: We retrospectively collected and analyzed the clinical data of patients with pathologic diagnosis of PCa from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022 in two hospitals in Yangzhou, China. Patients from the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University were divided into a training set and patients from the Affiliated Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Yangzhou University were divided into a validation set.

Coevolutionary dynamics in the grass-livestock social-ecological system of China's alpine pastoral areas: A case study of the Qilian Mountains region in China.

Evaluating the dynamic co-evolution and feedback mechanisms within socio-ecological systems is crucial for determining the resilience and sustainability of environmental governance strategies. The grass-livestock system, as a complex entity encompassing livestock nutrition, foraging behavior, vegetation ecology, pastoralists' economic income, and policy interventions, indicates that any change in a single element may trigger a chain reaction within the system. This paper uses a system dynamics approach to construct a simulation model of the grass-livestock system in alpine pastoral areas, simulating the long-term dynamic co-evolution of the socio-ecological system in the Qilian Mountains region of China.

A novel classification method for balance differences in elite versus expert athletes based on composite multiscale complexity index and ranking forests.

Balance is crucial for various athletic tasks, and accurately assessing balance ability among elite athletes using simple and accessible measurement methods is a significant challenge in sports science. A common approach to balance assessment involves recording center of pressure (CoP) displacements using force platforms, with various indicators proposed to distinguish subtle balance differences. However, these indicators have not reached a consensus, and it remains unclear whether these analyses alone can fully explain the complex interactions of postural control.

Research on technological innovation decision-making considering government subsidies and corporate reputation.

Aiming at the information asymmetry between pharmaceutical enterprises' technological innovation decisions and government subsidy strategy, this paper establishes a differential game model consisting of the government and a single pharmaceutical company, proposes three different government subsidy strategies, and obtains an equilibrium solution with the help of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, taking into consideration of the transmission effect of the enterprise's reputation. First, the innovation decisions of pharmaceutical firms without government subsidies are analysed, and based on this, the optimal strategies with government subsidies for non-cooperative pacts and cooperation between the government and enterprises are analysed separately. In addition, the effects of different subsidy strategies on the government's investment efficiency, corporate reputation, and the choice of corporate innovation strategies are compared, and the results are verified by numerical analysis.

Homeobox protein MSX-1 restricts hepatitis B virus by promoting ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation of HBx protein.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (HBx) is a key factor for regulating viral transcription and replication. We recently characterized homeobox protein MSX-1 (MSX1) as a host restriction factor that inhibits HBV gene expression and genome replication by directly binding to HBV enhancer II/core promoter (EnII/Cp) and suppressing its promoter and enhancer activities. Notably, HBx expression was observed to be repressed more drastically by MSX1 compared to other viral antigens.

Relationship between secondary metabolites and ecological suitability zones for Eucommia ulmoides.

The quality of Chinese medicinal materials is closely related to the types and contents of their secondary metabolites, while ecological adaptability influences the production of secondary metabolites. Therefore, identifying the relationship between ecological adaptability and secondary metabolites is important for enhancing the quality of Chinese medicinal materials. In this study, we collected 10-year-old Cortex Eucommiae (Eucommia ulmoides, EU) samples from 21 plots in eight provinces which are the primary production areas of EU in central China.

MicroRNA-221 protects myocardial contractility in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through phospholamban.

Objective: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of miRNA 221 on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) in mice through the regulation of phospholamban (PLB) expression.

Methods: The MIRI mouse model was created and mice were divided into sham, MIRI, MIRI+ 221, and MIRI+ scr groups, with miRNA 221 overexpression induced in the myocardium of MIRI mice by targeted myocardial injection. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis was performed to observe the variation in miRNA 221, PLB, SERCA2, RYR2, NCX1, Cyt C and caspase 3 mRNA levels in myocardium, while Western blot assessed the levels of PLB, p-PLB (Ser16), p-PLB (Thr17), SERCA2, RYR2, NCX1, Cyt C and caspase 3 proteins.

ASGCL: Adaptive Sparse Mapping-based graph contrastive learning network for cancer drug response prediction.

Personalized cancer drug treatment is emerging as a frontier issue in modern medical research. Considering the genomic differences among cancer patients, determining the most effective drug treatment plan is a complex and crucial task. In response to these challenges, this study introduces the Adaptive Sparse Graph Contrastive Learning Network (ASGCL), an innovative approach to unraveling latent interactions in the complex context of cancer cell lines and drugs.

Organic-Inorganic Hybrid One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Blue and NIR Dual Bandgaps for Light Protection.

Planar 1D photonic crystals (1DPhCs), owing to their photonic bandgaps (PBGs) formed by unique structural interference, are widely utilized in light protection applications. Multifunctional coatings that integrate various light management functions are highly desired. In this study, we present the fabrication of dual-PBG 1DPhCs with high reflectance in both the blue and near-infrared (NIR) regions.