Sodium butyrate regulates macrophage polarization by TGR5/β-arrestin2 in vitro.

Background: Macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). We will explore the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) on macrophage function.

Methods: The targets of butyric acid were identified using SwissTargetPrediction database and surface plasmon resonance (SPR).

The prospective therapeutic benefits of sesamol: neuroprotection in neurological diseases.

Oxidative stress is recognized as a critical contributor to the advancement of neurological diseases, thereby rendering the alleviation of oxidative stress a pivotal strategy in the therapeutic management of such conditions. Sesamol, the principal constituent of sesame oil, has been the subject of extensive research due to its significant antioxidant properties, especially its ability to effectively counteract oxidative stress within the central nervous system and confer neuroprotection. While sesamol demonstrates potential in the treatment and prevention of neurological diseases, its modulation of oxidative stress is complex and not yet fully understood.

ADSL promotes autophagy and tumor growth through fumarate-mediated Beclin1 dimethylation.

As an enzyme with a critical role in de novo purine synthesis, adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) expression is upregulated in various malignancies. However, whether ADSL possesses noncanonical functions that contribute to cancer progression remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) activated by lipid deprivation or ER stress phosphorylates ADSL at S140, leading to an enhanced association between ADSL and Beclin1.

SLC25A1 and ACLY maintain cytosolic acetyl-CoA and regulate ferroptosis susceptibility via FSP1 acetylation.

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death characterized by excessive lipid hydroperoxides accumulation, emerges as a promising target in cancer therapy. Among the solute carrier (SLC) superfamily, the cystine/glutamate transporter system antiporter components SLC3A2 and SLC7A11 are known to regulate ferroptosis by facilitating cystine import for ferroptosis inhibition. However, the contribution of additional SLC superfamily members to ferroptosis remains poorly understood.

Revolutionizing load harmony in edge computing networks with probabilistic cellular automata and Markov decision processes.

In general, edge computing networks are based on a distributed computing environment and hence, present some difficulties to obtain an appropriate load balancing, especially under dynamic workload and limited resources. The conventional approaches of Load balancing like Round-Robin and Threshold-based load balancing fails in scalability and flexibility issues when applied to highly variable edge environments. To solve the problem of how to achieve steady-state load balance and provide dynamic adaption to edge networks, this paper proposes a new framework that using PCA and MDP.

Randomized studies in China show that studying and promoting civic honesty needs to consider local norms.

Civic honesty is a crucial behavior that policymakers and business leaders strive to promote among citizens and employees. We conducted online and field experiments in China adapting the setting of a recent research which employed an innovative design to study civic honesty behavior around the globe. Results show that the psychological mechanism underlying lost-wallet reporting behavior in China is somewhat different from what has been suggested in the literature.

Spatiotemporal glacier retreat on the Tibetan Plateau since the LGM to early holocene based on compilation of moraine boulder ages.

Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding mountains (TPSM) have experienced prominent glacier retreat since the Global Last Glacial Maximum, while the detailed deglaciation process remains unclear. To investigate the spatiotemporal pattern of the glacier retreat history, we compiled 196 moraines dating from 26.5 to 10 ka based on 994 boulder Be exposure age from seven regions on the TPSM and calculated the separated component Gaussians of moraine ages.

Evaluating simulated teaching audio for teacher trainees using RAG and local LLMs.

In the training of teacher students, simulated teaching is a key method for enhancing teaching skills. However, traditional evaluations of simulated teaching typically rely on direct teacher involvement and guidance, increasing teachers' workload and limiting the opportunities for teacher students to practice independently. This paper introduces a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) framework constructed using various open-source tools (such as FastChat for model inference and Whisper for speech-to-text) combined with a local large language model (LLM) for audio analysis of simulated teaching.

Efficient nonlinear function approximation in analog resistive crossbars for recurrent neural networks.

Analog In-memory Computing (IMC) has demonstrated energy-efficient and low latency implementation of convolution and fully-connected layers in deep neural networks (DNN) by using physics for computing in parallel resistive memory arrays. However, recurrent neural networks (RNN) that are widely used for speech-recognition and natural language processing have tasted limited success with this approach. This can be attributed to the significant time and energy penalties incurred in implementing nonlinear activation functions that are abundant in such models.

The impact of teacher emotional support on learning engagement among college students mediated by academic self-efficacy and academic resilience.

College students' learning engagement not only significantly influences their academic performance but also plays a vital role in their future career development. Ensuring that students maintain high levels of engagement is essential for society's goal of cultivating high-quality talent. Therefore, understanding the key factors that drive student engagement is critical for educators as they develop effective strategies to foster this engagement.

Effects of thermal aging on the performance of ordinary and novel superhydrophobic and oleophobic ultra-fine dry powder extinguishing agent.

Powder-based fire extinguishing agents have become a kind of promising substitutes for halon extinguishing agents in civil aircrafts. However, their storage lifespan, significantly influenced by the thermal aging, emerges as a crucial yet overlooked aspect for aviation use. This study investigates the effects of thermal aging cycles on various parameters of ordinary dry powder extinguishing agent (ODPEA) and novel superhydrophobic and oleophobic ultra-fine dry powder extinguishing agent (SHOU DPEA), including surface microscopic morphology, D90 (the diameter at which 90% of the cumulative volume of particles are equal to or smaller than this value), chemical structure, hydrophobic and oleophobic angles, flowability, extinguishing time and effectiveness.

Coalescence of multiple topological orders in quasi-one-dimensional bismuth halide chains.

Topology is being widely adopted to understand and to categorize quantum matter in modern physics. The nexus of topology orders, which engenders distinct quantum phases with benefits to both fundamental research and practical applications for future quantum devices, can be driven by topological phase transition through modulating intrinsic or extrinsic ordering parameters. The conjoined topology, however, is still elusive in experiments due to the lack of suitable material platforms.

A Multidisciplinary Multimodal Aligned Dataset for Academic Data Processing.

Academic data processing is crucial in scientometrics and bibliometrics, such as research trending analysis and citation recommendation. Existing datasets in this domain have predominantly concentrated on textual data, overlooking the importance of visual elements. To bridge this gap, we introduce a multidisciplinary multimodal aligned dataset (MMAD) specifically designed for academic data processing.

Targeting fucosyltransferase FUT8 as a prospective therapeutic approach for DLBCL.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is characterized by its aggressive nature and resistance to standard chemotherapy, necessitating the development of new therapeutic approaches. The emergence of natural products and their derivatives has notably influenced cancer treatment, making morusinol, a medicine-derived monomer, a promising candidate. Here, we showed that morusinol exerted antitumor effects on DLBCL in vitro by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.

Identification method of wheel-rail two-point contact state in switch area.

Two-point contact is one of the fundamental problems of wheel-rail contact in switch area. The contact state and the distribution of forces are complex and essential points in wheel-rail relationship. Given the problem that the current dynamic wheel-rail contact state is challenging to detect, a theory to detect the two-point contact state of the wheel-rail in switch area using a discrete gauge column was presented and proved in the finite element model.

Precession modulates the poleward expansion of atmospheric circulation to the Arctic Ocean.

Under sustained global warming, Arctic climate is projected to become more responsive to changes in North Pacific meridional heat transport as a result of teleconnections between low and high latitudes, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we reconstruct subarctic humidity changes over the past 400 kyr to investigate the role of low-to-high latitude interactions in regulating Arctic hydroclimate. Our reconstruction is based on precipitation-driven sediment input variations in the Subarctic North Pacific (SANP), which reveal a strong precessional cycle in subarctic humidity under the relatively low eccentricity variations that dominated the past four glacial-interglacial cycles.

Peer Victimization and School Engagement among Chinese Adolescents: Does Classroom-Level Victimization Matter?

Peer victimization has been demonstrated to have a long-lasting negative impact on adolescents' psychological well-being, yet its impact on school engagement is inconclusive, particularly during high school. In addition, research about the role of classroom-level victimization in the association between individual-level peer victimization and adolescents' school engagement remains underexplored. Previous research has relied solely on self-report measures to assess peer victimization, potentially limiting the scope of understanding.

Comparison of Pharmacokinetics of Long-Acting Local Analgesics: CPL-01, a Novel Extended-Release Ropivacaine, Demonstrates Consistent and Predictable Exposure Compared with Liposomal Bupivacaine.

Background And Objective: There is a significant medical need for improved long-acting local anesthetics to decrease postsurgical pain and reduce postoperative opioid use. While ropivacaine is considered a safer local anesthetic than bupivacaine, no long-acting ropivacaine formulation is currently marketed. Available formulations of bupivacaine show inconsistent pharmacokinetics (PK) among different surgical models, and inconsistency in PK may lead to a reluctance to use the medication owing to fear of local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) or unreliable efficacy.

The Nerve-Induced Adipose Stem Cells Promote Nerve Repair in Stress Urinary Incontinence by Regulating Schwann Cell Repair Phenotype Conversion Through Activation of the Notch Pathway.

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) currently lacks effective treatment options, and the restoration of neurological function remains a major challenge, with unmet clinical needs. Research has indicated that adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can be induced to differentiate into neural-induced adipose-derived stem cells (NI-ADSCs) under specific inductive conditions, exhibiting excellent neuroregenerative capabilities. ADSCs were obtained from female SD rats and induced into NI-ADSCs.

Forensic identification of fatal mushroom poisoning: a case report.

Mushroom poisoning incidents happen infrequently, yet owing to the non-lethal nature of most toxins and the efficacy of timely treatment, fatalities from mushroom poisoning are uncommon, leading to a scarcity of pertinent clinical and pathological data. Here, we reported a case of death caused by the consumption of raw mushrooms, alongside detailed clinical data and multi-organs pathological alterations, which underscored its potential significant reference value in forensic practice. Futhermore, ibotenic acid, a type of mushroom toxin, was detected both in the patient's blood and gastric lavage fluid about 19 h after the consumption of mushrooms, and was successfully quantified at concentrations of 0.

Developing Soluplus®-Based Microparticle Amorphous Solid Dispersions with High Drug Loading for Enhanced Celecoxib Dissolution via Electrospraying.

Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is one of the most studied strategies for improving the dissolution performance of poorly water-soluble drugs, but ASDs often have low drug loadings, thereby necessitating larger dosage sizes. This study intended to create Soluplus® (SOL)-based microparticle ASDs with high drug loading (up to 60 w/w%) and long-term stability (at least 16 months) using electrospraying to enhance the dissolution of poorly water-soluble celecoxib (CEL). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses showed that the electrosprayed SOL-CEL microparticles were amorphous, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data indicated the presence of hydrogen bonding between SOL and CEL in the microparticles, which helped stabilize the ASDs.

A neural network for long-term super-resolution imaging of live cells with reliable confidence quantification.

Super-resolution (SR) neural networks transform low-resolution optical microscopy images into SR images. Application of single-image SR (SISR) methods to long-term imaging has not exploited the temporal dependencies between neighboring frames and has been subject to inference uncertainty that is difficult to quantify. Here, by building a large-scale fluorescence microscopy dataset and evaluating the propagation and alignment components of neural network models, we devise a deformable phase-space alignment (DPA) time-lapse image SR (TISR) neural network.

The Role of Gut Microbiota in Shaping Immune Responses in Tephritidae Fruit Fly and Prospective Implications for Management.

The interaction of microbial communities with host immunity has become one of the most explored research areas with significant implications for pest control strategies. It has been found that the gut microbiota plays substantial roles in immune response regulation and host-gut microbiome symbiosis, as well as in pathogen resistance and overall fitness in Tephritidae fruit flies that are major pests of agricultural importance. In this review, we discuss the modulation of immune responses of Tephritidae fruit flies by the gut microbiota with particular emphasis on the general interactions between microbiota and the immune system.