Asymmetric Functionalization Harnessing Radical-Mediated Functional-Group Migration.

Along with the renaissance of radical chemistry, the past decade has witnessed rapid development in radical-mediated rearrangement reactions. A wide diversity of radical approaches harnessing functional-group migration (FGM) have been devised to enhance both synthetic efficiency and molecular complexity. However, the application of FGM reactions to construct stereogenic centers remains underexplored owing to the inherent challenges of asymmetric radical reactions.

The First Kleinman-type Second-Harmonic Generation Circular Dichroism On/Off Switchable Ferroelectrics.

Chiral ferroelectrics have recently received considerable interest due to their unique chiroptical properties. They can adopt Kleinman symmetry second-harmonic generation (SHG)-active chiral-polar point groups in the ferroelectric phase while Kleinman symmetry SHG-inactive chiral-nonpolar point groups in the paraelectric phase, providing a great opportunity to realize on/off switching of SHG circular dichroism (SHG-CD) response. However, the SHG-CD effect was rarely explored in chiral ferroelectrics, and the on/off switchable SHG-CD has never been reported.

Helical Quintulene: Synthesis, Chirality, and Supramolecular Assembly.

Quintulene is a quintuply symmetrical cycloarene with a positively curved molecular geometry. First described by Staab and Sauer in 1984, its successful synthesis was not achieved until 2020. Due to the challenges posed by its positive curvature, structural extensions of quintulene have been studied rarely.

Platinum drugs upregulate CXCR4 and PD-L1 expression via ROS-dependent pathways, with implications for novel combined treatment in gastric cancer.

CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are two critical molecules involved in the tumor immune microenvironment. However, the impact of platinum drugs, such as cisplatin, on CXCR4 or PD-L1 expression and the underlying mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC) remain unknown. Moreover, the correlation between their expression levels in GC remains elusive.

Structural Isomerism of {Ag14}10+ Nanocluster Encapsulated by Bowl-like Polyoxometalates.

The structural isomerism of atomically precise nanoclusters provides a preeminent theoretical model to investigate the structure-property relationships. Herein, we synthesized three bowl-like polyoxometalate (POM)-encapsulated Ag nanoclusters (denoted as {Ag14(Sb3W30)2}-1, {Ag14(Sb3W30)2}-1a, and {Ag14(Sb3W30)2}-2) via a facile one-pot solvothermal approach. Among them, for the first time, an unprecedented isomeric {Ag14}10+ nanoclusters are obtained in polyoxoanions {Ag14(Sb3W30)2}-1 and {Ag14(Sb3W30)2}-2, which should be probably induced by the different distribution of coordinating O atoms in two isomeric bowl-like {Sb3W30} ligands.

Downregulation of HDAC2 attenuates ventricular arrhythmias in a mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy through upregulation of KCHIP2 expression.

Aims: Decrease in repolarizing K+ currents, particularly the fast component of transient outward K+ current (Ito,f), prolongs action potential duration (APD) and predisposes the heart to ventricular arrhythmia during cardiac hypertrophy. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been suggested to participate in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, and class I HDAC inhibition has been found to attenuate pathological remodeling. This study investigated the potential therapeutic effects of HDAC2 on ventricular arrhythmia in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy.

A ratiometric fluorescent probe for sensitively tracking peroxynitrite during drug-induced hepatotoxicity.

As one of the essential components of reactive oxygen species (ROS), peroxynitrite (ONOO-) plays an indispensable role in redox homeostasis and signal transduction processes, and its deviant levels are associated with numerous clinical diseases. Therefore, accurate and rapid detection of intracellular ONOO- levels is crucial for revealing its role in physiological and pathological processes. Herein, we constructed a ratiometric fluorescent probe to detect ONOO- levels in biological systems.

Comparative Population Genetics of Two Alvinocaridid Shrimp Species in Chemosynthetic Ecosystems of the Western Pacific.

Deep-sea shrimps from the family Alvinocarididae are prominent inhabitants of chemosynthesis-based habitats worldwide. However, their genetic diversity and population connectivity remain poorly understood due to limited sampling. To fill these knowledge gaps, we compared the population genetics of two vent- and seep-dwelling alvinocaridid species with overlapped geographic ranges between the South China Sea and the Manus Basin.

Design of RuO Electrocatalysts Containing Metallic Ru on the Surface to Accelerate the Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

The development of water splitting technology in alkaline medium requires the exploration of electrocatalysts superior to Pt/C to boost the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Ruthenium oxides with strong water dissociation ability are promising candidates; however, the lack of hydrogen combination sites immensely limits their performance. Herein, we reported a unique RuO catalyst with metallic Ru on its surface through a simple cation exchange method.

Exploring the Internal Environmental Changes of Muscle Cells and Apoptotic Phase of Mitochondria in Dry-Cured Loin Using Electrical Stimulation: Promoting the Precise Regulation of Loin Ham Quality.

Traditional dry-curing methods have a long cycle time and low efficiency, resulting in the inconsistent quality of dry-cured ham. By applying electrical stimulation (ES) technology in the dry-curing process, it was found that ES affected mitochondrial apoptosis by modulating the intracellular environment of muscle cells, which, in turn, enhanced the quality of dry-cured pork loin. Specifically, ES accelerated glycogen and ATP depletion, which led to a rapid decline in pH.

Nano LiF-Enabled In Situ Synergistic Catalytic Polymeric Electrolytes for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries.

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) with excellent ionic conductivity and a wide electrochemical stability window are critical for high-energy lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, the widespread application of polymer electrolytes is severely limited by inadequate room-temperature ionic conductivity, sluggish interfacial charge transport, and uncontrolled reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Herein, we present a uniform polymerized 1,3-dioxolane (PDOL) composite solid polymer electrolyte (PDOL-S/F-nano LiF CSE) that satisfies these requirements through the in situ catalytic polymerization effect of nano LiF on the polymerization of 1,3-dioxolane-based electrolytes.

Contribution of Coal Tar Sources to Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds and Associated Ecological Risk in Lake Ontario Sediments: Inference from a Novel Marker.

Coal tar-related products as a source of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) are particularly concerning due to high PAC concentrations and inadequate source management. Benzo[b]carbazole, a benzocarbazole isomer exclusively found in coal tar-derived products, acts as an ideal marker to distinguish coal tar sources from others, enabling more robust quantification of coal tar contributions to PACs. To evaluate the historical and recent contributions of coal tar-related sources to the levels of PACs in Lake Ontario and associated ecological risk, we analyzed 31 PACs and 3 BCBz isomers in surface sediments and a sediment core.

Prediction of Radiation Therapy Induced Cardiovascular Toxicity from Pretreatment CT Images in Patients with Thoracic Malignancy via an Optimal Biomarker Approach.

Rationale And Objectives: Cardiovascular toxicity is a well-known complication of thoracic radiation therapy (RT), leading to increased morbidity and mortality, but existing techniques to predict cardiovascular toxicity have limitations. Predictive biomarkers of cardiovascular toxicity may help to maximize patient outcomes.

Methods: The machine learning optimal biomarker (OBM) method was employed to predict development of cardiotoxicity (based on serial echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular ejection fraction and longitudinal strain) from computed tomography (CT) images in patients with thoracic malignancy undergoing RT.

Non-invasive Assessment of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Expression in Gastric Cancer Based on Deep Learning: A Computed Tomography-based Multicenter Study.

Rationale And Objectives: The expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in gastric cancer is closely associated with its treatment outcomes and prognosis. This study aims to develop and validate a HER2 prediction model based on computed tomography (CT). Additionally, the study evaluates the robustness of the proposed model.

Machine Learning Model for Risk Stratification of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Based on Radiopathomics.

Rationale And Objectives: This study aims to develop a radiopathomics model based on preoperative ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) images to enable accurate, non-invasive preoperative risk stratification for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The model seeks to enhance clinical decision-making by optimizing preoperative treatment strategies.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from PTC patients who underwent thyroidectomy between October 2022 and May 2024 across six centers.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Mandarin Chinese Version of the Vocal Performance Questionnaire.

Objective: The Mandarin Chinese version of the Vocal Performance Questionnaire (VPQ-CM) for evaluating vocal performance.

Methods: A total of 120 participants with vocal disorders and 120 healthy participants completed this study. Investigators translated the original VPQ into the VPQ-CM, and participants completed the questionnaire fill it.

Recursive hierarchical parametric identification of Wiener-Hammerstein systems based on initial value optimization.

In this paper, a novel recursive hierarchical parametric identification method based on initial value optimization is proposed for Wiener-Hammerstein systems subject to stochastic measurement noise. By transforming the traditional Wiener-Hammerstein system model into a generalized form, the system model parameters are uniquely expressed for estimation. To avoid cross-coupling between estimating block-oriented model parameters, a hierarchical identification algorithm is presented by dividing the parameter vector into two subvectors containing the coupled and uncoupled terms for estimation, respectively.

Ultraprecision multi-axis CARIC control strategy with application to a nano-accuracy air-bearing motion stage.

Multi-axis contouring control is crucial for ultraprecision manufacturing industries, contributing to meeting the ever-increasingly stringent performance requirements. In this article, a novel contouring adaptive real-time iterative compensation (CARIC) method is proposed to achieve extreme multi-axis contouring accuracy, remarkable trajectory generalization, disturbance rejection, and parametric adaptation simultaneously. Specifically, control actions generated by CARIC consist of robust feedback, adaptive feedforward, and online trajectory compensation components.

Correlation between maxillary defect and facial asymmetry.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between maxillary defects and facial asymmetry, and to establish categories for visual perception of facial asymmetry. The facial data of 47 patients who underwent maxillary resection due to tumors were captured using stereophotogrammetry. Facial asymmetry was measured using a landmark-independent method and assessed with a Likert scale.

A Study on the Effects of Gluteal Muscle Activation on the Electromyography of Lower Limb Muscles in Young Male Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome.

Objective: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common knee issue, and hip joint function significantly affects knee health. Gluteus activation exercises are a promising treatment for PFPS. This study aims to investigate the impact of gluteal muscle activation exercises on the muscle involvement and movement patterns of young male patients with PFPS.

The S-Phase Arrest of Host Cells Caused by an Alpha-Herpesvirus Genome Replication Facilitates Viral Recruitment of RNA Polymerase II to Transcribe Viral Genes.

Herpesviruses rely on host RNA polymerae II (RNA Pol II) for their mRNA transcription, yet the mechanisms of which has been poorly defined, while certain herpesviruses can enhance viral gene transcription by altering the RNA Pol II location, modulating its phosphorylation, or directly interacting with RNA Pol II. However, the influence of herpesviruses on RNA Pol II transcription extends beyond these direct effects. Here, we present a novel mechanism by which the host cell cycle regulates viral gene transcription via RNA Pol II during infection by Anatid Herpesvirus 1 (AnHV-1), an avian alpha-herpesvirus.

Diabetes Mellitus Impairs Blood-Brain Barrier Integrality and Microglial Reactivity.

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disorder that adversely affects the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and microglial function in the central nervous system (CNS), contributing to neuronal damage and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms linking diabetes to BBB dysfunction and microglial dysregulation remain poorly understood. Here, we assessed the impacts of diabetes on BBB and microglial reactivity and investigated its mechanisms.