Designing Ru-B-Cr Moieties to Activate the Ru Site for Acidic Water Electrolysis under Industrial-Level Current Density.

Developing highly efficient non-iridium-based active sites for acidic water splitting is still a huge challenge. Herein, unique Ru-B-Cr moieties have been constructed in RuO nanofibers (NFs) to activate Ru sites for water electrolysis, which overcomes the bottleneck of RuO-based catalysts usually possessing low activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and poor stability for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The fabricated Cr, B-doped RuO NFs exhibit low overpotentials of 205 and 379 mV for acidic HER and OER at 1 A cm with outstanding stability lasting 1000 and 188 h, respectively.

The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Claroideoglomus etunicatum (Glomerales: Claroideoglomeraceae) inoculated wheat plants mediated responses of Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to water deficit.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may promote growth and stress resilience of plants, particularly under water-deficit conditions. However, interactions among mycorrhizal fungi, wheat plants, and aphids like the English grain aphid Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) under water-deficit stress are still not well understood. Here, we examined the colonization of the fungus Claroideoglomus etunicatum (Glomerales: Claroideoglomeraceae) on wheat, and its effects on development and behavior of S.

Stacking Configurations of Triangular Au and Tetrahedral Au Units in Thiolate-Protected Gold Nanoclusters: Insights into Structural Stability and Growth Mechanisms.

Triangular Au and tetrahedral Au are key structural units in the face-centered cubic gold core of thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters. Understanding their stacking arrangements is essential for elucidating the growth mechanisms of these gold cores. In this study, we design two new isomers of Au(SR) nanoclusters via deliberately adjusting the stacking pattern of Au and Au based on the grand unified model and ring model to show preferable packing arrangements.

Efficacy and mechanisms of curcumin in the treatment of osteoarthritis: A scoping review.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that primarily affects the elderly worldwide. It is characterized by local inflammation, which can be targeted therapeutically using natural anti-inflammatory compounds such as curcumin. This scoping review explores the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of curcumin in OA management.

Major adverse events associated with lipid reduction in inclisiran:a pharmacovigilance research of the FAERS database.

Objective: The effectiveness and safety of the short-interfering RNA drug inclisiran in lowering patients' lipoprotein cholesterol levels to lower their risk of cardiovascular disease are presently being investigated. Based on the real-world adverse event report record in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System, this article explores the occurrence and risk of adverse events during inclisiran treatment.

Research Design And Methods: We retrieved and screened all available data from the Food and Drug Administration website for the period from 2009 to the third quarter of 2023.

Clinical characteristics and survival outcomes in patients with pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective study.

Purpose: The clinicopathologic features, mutational status, immunohistochemical markers, and prognosis of Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) remain uncertain.

Methods: This study included 81 PSC and 337 lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD). Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and other clinical data were examined.

The evolving tumor-associated adipose tissue microenvironment in breast cancer: from cancer initiation to metastatic outgrowth.

Adipocytes represent a significant proportion of breast tissue, comprising between 3.7 and 37% of stromal tissue. They play a pivotal role in metabolic regulation, energy supply, metabolic regulation, support effects, and cytokine release within the breast.

Deciphering the landscape and evolutionary trajectory of NLR immune receptors in Dioscorea alata.

Dioscorea alata, a key tuber crop for global food security, is threatened by anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. However, identification of functional resistance genes against C. gloeosporioides in D.

Liver Kinase B1 Protects Against Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Endothelial Cell Dysfunction via the AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disease characterized by vascular reHypoxiaing, endothelial cell dysfunction, and inflammation. Liver Kinase B1 (LKB1, also known as STK11) is a central regulator of cell polarity and energy homeostasis. However, its specific role and mechanism of action in PH remain unclear.

Genetic analysis of patients with low-frequency non-syndromic hearing loss.

Low-frequency non-syndromic hearing loss (LFNSHL) is a rare auditory disorder affecting frequencies ≤ 2000 Hz. To elucidate its genetic basis, we conducted whole-exome sequencing on nine Chinese families (31 affected individuals) with LFNSHL. Four heterozygous pathogenic variants, including two novel variants, were identified in common LFNSHL-related genes (WFS1, DIAPH1) and less common genes (TNC, EYA4), achieving a 44% genetic diagnosis rate.

Intravenous immunoglobulin ameliorates doxorubicin-induced intestinal mucositis by inhibiting the Syk/PI3K/Akt axis and ferroptosis.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced mucositis (CIM) significantly impacts quality of life and reduces survival in patients treated with specific chemotherapeutic agents. However, effective clinical treatments for CIM remain limited. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), a therapeutic derived from pooled human plasma, is widely used to treat inflammatory diseases.

Brazilin alleviates acute lung injury via inhibition of ferroptosis through the SIRT3/GPX4 pathway.

Ferroptosis is a novel type of programmed cell death dependent on iron and is characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides, which is involved in acute lung injury (ALI). Brazilin, an organic compound known for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has not been thoroughly studied for its potential impact on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Here, we found that pretreatment of brazilin mitigated LPS-induced lung injury and inflammation by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress and ferroptosis, both in vivo and in vitro.

PWP1 transcriptionally regulates p53, modulating apoptosis and cell cycle to promote gastric cancer progression.

Gastric cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The prognosis often depends on early detection and understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in its progression. Periodic tryptophan protein 1 (PWP1) has emerged as a novel diagnostic marker, potentially linked to gastric cancer progression.

TRIM23 promotes 5-Fluorouracil resistance in colorectal cancer by upregulating GALNT4 expression.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the most common chemotherapeutic agents for colorectal cancer (CRC), but its application is often limited by resistance. Tripartite motif containing 23 (TRIM23) has been reported to be dysregulated in various tumors and involved in tumor progression and chemotherapy resistance. However, its relationship with CRC 5-FU resistance and the underlying mechanism are still unclear.

Microglia heterogeneity during neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the mouse retina.

Microglia play important roles in maintaining homeostasis and immunoreactive defense in the central nervous system including retina. To accomplish such a wide range of functions, microglia are highly heterogeneous. Dark microglia (DM) were recently identified by electron microscopy (EM).

Transgenerational Effects of Atrazine on Daphnia magna Based on Life-History Traits and Population Dynamics.

Atrazine is a predominant herbicide globally, and its residues are commonly found in natural water bodies due to its extensive use. Atrazine is known for its detrimental effects on the reproductive abilities of aquatic plants and animals. Our study explored the impact of maternal exposure to atrazine on the survival and performance of offspring using the water flea Daphnia magna as a model organism.

Exploring the causal inference of inflammatory bowel disease and ischemic stroke: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Growing evidence suggests inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is linked to ischemic stroke (IS); however, the results are inconclusive. Therefore, it remains uncertain whether the association between IBD and IS is causal. Herein, we performed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study to examine the causal association of IBD with IS.

Isothermal nucleic acid amplification for monitoring hand-foot-and-mouth disease: current status and future implications.

With the global prevalence of the hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) epidemic, the development of reliable point-of-care testing (POCT) is crucial for the timely identification and prevention of outbreaks. Isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques (INAATs) have attracted much attention because of their high efficiency for rapid diagnosis. In this work, we systematically summarize the current status of INAATs for HFMD and discuss advantages and drawbacks of various INAATs for HFMD.

JAK2 inactivating mutations promotes endometrial cancer progression by targeting HIF-1α.

Objective: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the ninth most common malignancy among women. While mutations in JAK2 are frequently observed in EC, the specific biological functions of JAK2 in endometrial cancer are poorly understood.

Methods: The genetic alterations of JAK2 in different cancer types were explored using sequencing dataset deposited at TCGA database.

ADAMTS12 serves as a novel prognostic biomarker and promotes proliferation and invasion in gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) remains a prevalent and aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. This study aimed to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers while exploring their potential functions in GC. A total of 598 upregulated and 506 downregulated genes were identified in GC patients.

In-situ Growth of Metallocluster inside Heterometal-organic Cage to Switch Electron Transfer for Targeted CO2 Photoreduction.

Construction of metal-organic cages (MOCs) with internal modifications is a promising avenue to build enzyme-like cavities and unlocking the mystery of highly catalytic activity and selectivity of enzymes. However, current interests are mainly focused on single-metal-node cages, little achievement has been expended to metalloclusters-based architectures, and the in situ endogenous generation of metal clusters. Herein, based on the hard-soft-acids-bases (HSAB), the metalloclusters-based heterometallic MOC (Cu3VMOP) constructed of [Cu3OPz3]+ and [V6O6(OCH3)9(SO4)(CO2)3]2- clusters was obtained by one-pot method.

Discovery of Novel 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-7-pyrazolo[3,4-]pyridin-7-one Derivatives as Orally Efficacious ATX Allosteric Inhibitors for the Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive, fatal lung disease lacking effective treatments. Autotaxin (ATX) plays a crucial role in exacerbating inflammation and fibrosis, making it a promising target for fibrosis therapies. Herein, starting from PAT-409 (Cudetaxestat), a series of novel ATX inhibitors bearing 1-indole-3-carboxamide, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-7-pyrazolo[3,4-]pyridin-7-one, or 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-pyrazolo[4,3-]pyridine cores were designed based on the structure of ATX hydrophobic tunnel.

Cuminaldehyde Potentiates Antiproteolytic Peptide Efficacy via Parallel Pathways of Enhanced Inner Membrane-Damaging Activity and Inhibition of Bacterial Energy Metabolism.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer potential as antibiotic alternatives, but high cost, off-site cytotoxicity, and poor stability limit their application. Combining AMPs with adjuvants holds promise in surmounting these limitations. Among potentiators, terpenoids account for the highest proportion, yet their potential to enhance the AMPs efficacy and underlying mechanism remain unclear.

3D Interwoven SiC/g-CN Structure for Superior Charge Separation and CO Photoreduction Performance.

To address the limitations of carbon nitride in photocatalysis, we propose constructing a three-dimensional interwoven SiC/g-CN composite structure. Utilizing the strong microwave-thermal conversion characteristics of SiC whiskers, localized "hot spots" are generated, which induce rapid thermal gradients, promoting rapid polymerization of urea and in situ formation of the interwoven network. This unique structure strengthens the interaction between these two components, creates multiple electron transport pathways, enhances CO adsorption, and effectively improves charge separation while reducing photogenerated carrier recombination.

Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Cyclization of 1,6-Enynes to Access Chiral γ-Butyrolactam.

A palladium-catalyzed asymmetric chlorocyclization of 1,6-enynes has been described. Controlling the chloride ion concentration in the system by substrate design is the key to achieving asymmetric chlorinated cyclization. In the presence of Pd(PhCN)Cl and chiral phosphoramidite ligands, the reaction accesses diverse chiral ()-α-chloromethylene-γ-butyrolactams with excellent selectivity and enantioselectivity.