Temperature-dependent variations in under-canopy herbaceous foliar diseases following shrub encroachment in grasslands.

Shrub encroachment into grasslands poses a global concern, impacting species biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Yet, the effect of shrub encroachment on herbaceous diseases and the dependence of that effect on climatic factors remain ambiguous. This study spans over 4,000 km, examining significant variability in temperature and precipitation.

Unidirectional chiral scattering from single enantiomeric plasmonic nanoparticles.

Controlling scattering and routing of chiral light at the nanoscale is important for optical information processing and imaging, quantum technologies as well as optical manipulation. Here, we introduce a concept of rotating chiral dipoles in order to achieve unidirectional chiral scattering. Implementing this concept by engineering multipole excitations in helicoidal plasmonic nanoparticles, we experimentally demonstrate enantio-sensitive and highly-directional forward scattering of circularly polarised light.

Differences in clinical characteristics between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has brought major challenges to the global health system, and influenza is also a problem that cannot be ignored. We aimed to explore and compare the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and influenza to deepen the understanding of these two diseases and provide some guidance for clinicians to make differential diagnoses. We searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for articles and performed a meta-analysis using Stata 14.

Combined delivery of IL12 and an IL18 mutant without IL18BP-binding activity by an adenoviral vector enhances tumor specific immunity.

Cytokines play pivotal roles in anticancer immune response. We previously reported that adenovirus armed with an IL18 variant (DR18) that overcomes IL18BP neutralizing effect displayed powerful therapeutic effects in local and distant tumors when delivered intratumorally. Here, we tested a combined delivery of IL12 and DR18 in tumor models since IL12 and IL18 are known to act synergistically in potentiating IFNγ production and antitumor immunity.

Bilayer electrified-membrane with pair-atom tin catalysts for near-complete conversion of low concentration nitrate to dinitrogen.

Discharge of wastewater containing nitrate (NO) disrupts aquatic ecosystems even at low concentrations. However, selective and rapid reduction of NO at low concentration to dinitrogen (N) is technically challenging. Here, we present an electrified membrane (EM) loaded with Sn pair-atom catalysts for highly efficient NO reduction to N in a single-pass electrofiltration.

Enhanced phosphorus weathering contributed to Late Miocene cooling.

Late Miocene climate evolution provides an opportunity to assess Earth's climate sensitivity to carbon cycle perturbation under warmer-than-modern conditions. Despite its relevance for understanding the climate system, the driving mechanisms underlying profound climate and carbon cycle changes - including the enigmatic Late Miocene cooling from 7 to 5.4 million years ago - remain unclear.

Symptom-based depression subtypes: brain dynamic specificity and its association with gene expression profiles.

At least 227 combinations of symptoms meet the criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). However, in clinical practice, patients consistently present symptoms in a regular rather than random manner, and the neural basis underlying the MDD subtypes remains unclear. To help clarify the neural basis, patients with MDD were clustered by symptom combinations to investigate the neural underpinning of each subtype using functional resonance imaging (fMRI).

Deepening water scarcity in breadbasket nations.

Water is crucial for meeting sustainability targets, but its unsustainable use threatens human wellbeing and the environment. Past assessments of water scarcity (i.e.

Highly efficient construction of monkey blastoid capsules from aged somatic cells.

Blastoids-blastocyst-like structures created in vitro-emerge as a valuable model for early embryonic development research. Non-human primates stem cell-derived blastoids are an ethically viable alternative to human counterparts, yet the low formation efficiency of monkey blastoid cavities, typically below 30%, has limited their utility. Prior research has predominantly utilized embryonic stem cells.

3D N-heterocyclic covalent organic frameworks for urea photosynthesis from NH and CO.

Artificial photosynthesis of urea from NH and CO seems to remain still essentially unexplored. Herein, three isomorphic three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks with twofold interpenetrated ffc topology are functionalized by benzene, pyrazine, and tetrazine active moieties, respectively. A series of experiment results disclose the gradually enhanced conductivity, light-harvesting capacity, photogenerated carrier separation efficiency, and co-adsorption capacity towards NH and CO in the order of benzene-, pyrazine-, and tetrazine-containing framework.

Enantioselective reductive cross-couplings to forge C(sp)-C(sp) bonds by merging electrochemistry with nickel catalysis.

Motivated by the inherent benefits of synergistically combining electrochemical methodologies with nickel catalysis, we present here a Ni-catalyzed enantioselective electroreductive cross-coupling of benzyl chlorides with aryl halides, yielding chiral 1,1-diaryl compounds with good to excellent enantioselectivity. This catalytic reaction can not only be applied to aryl chlorides/bromides, which are challenging to access by other means, but also to benzyl chlorides containing silicon groups. Additionally, the absence of a sacrificial anode lays a foundation for scalability.

A travelable area boundary dataset for visual navigation of field robots.

Travelable area boundaries not only constrain the movement of field robots but also indicate alternative guiding routes for dynamic objects. Publicly available road boundary datasets have outlined boundaries by binary segmentation labels. However, hard post-processes have to be done to extract from detected boundaries further semantics including the shapes of the boundaries and guiding routes, which poses challenges to a real-time visual navigation system without detailed prior maps.

Assembly of Genetically Engineered Ionizable Protein Nanocage-based Nanozymes for Intracellular Superoxide Scavenging.

Nanozymes play a pivotal role in mitigating excessive oxidative stress, however, determining their specific enzyme-mimicking activities for intracellular free radical scavenging is challenging due to endo-lysosomal entrapment. In this study, we employ a genetic engineering strategy to generate ionizable ferritin nanocages (iFTn), enabling their escape from endo-lysosomes and entry into the cytoplasm. Specifically, ionizable repeated Histidine-Histidine-Glutamic acid (9HE) sequences are genetically incorporated into the outer surface of human heavy chain FTn, followed by the assembly of various chain-like nanostructures via a two-armed polyethylene glycol (PEG).

Conversion of placental hemogenic endothelial cells to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are critical for the treatment of blood diseases in clinic. However, the limited source of HSPCs severely hinders their clinical application. In the embryo, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) arise from hemogenic endothelial (HE) cells lining the major arteries in vivo.

Neoadjuvant pyrotinib and trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer with no early response (NeoPaTHer): efficacy, safety and biomarker analysis of a prospective, multicentre, response-adapted study.

The potential benefits of pyrotinib for patients with trastuzumab-insensitive, HER2-positive early-stage breast cancer remain unclear. This prospective, multicentre, response-adapted study evaluated the efficacy and safety of adding pyrotinib to the neoadjuvant treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer patients with a poor response to initial docetaxel plus carboplatin and trastuzumab (TCbH). Early response was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after two cycles of treatment.

Perilipin2-dependent lipid droplets accumulation promotes metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma via epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Emerging evidence shows that lipid metabolic reprogramming plays a vital role in tumor metastasis. The effect and mechanism of fatty acids and lipid droplets (LDs), the core products of lipid metabolism, on the metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), need further exploration. In this study, the influence of palmitic acid (PA) and oleic acid (OA) on the migration and invasion ability of OSCC cells was determined by in vitro experiments.

Nitrous oxide exerts rewarding effect via regulating D1 receptor and BDNF pathway in ventral tegmental area-nucleus accumbens dopamine circuit.

Recreational use of nitrous oxide (NO) has risen dramatically over the past decades. This study aimed to examine its rewarding effect and the underlying mechanisms. The exposure of mice to a subanesthetic concentration (20%) of NO for 30 min for 4 consecutive days paired with NO in the morning and paired with the air in the afternoon produced apparent rewarding behavior in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm.

Quantification and optimization of platinum-molybdenum carbide interfacial sites to enhance low-temperature water-gas shift reaction.

Pt/α-MoC catalysts exhibit exceptional activity in low-temperature water-gas shift reactions. However, quantitatively identifying and fine-tuning the active sites has remained a significant challenge. In this study, we reveal that fully exposed monolayer Pt nanoclusters on molybdenum carbides demonstrate mass activity that exceeds that of bulk molybdenum carbide catalysts by one to two orders of magnitude at 100-200 °C for low-temperature water-gas shift reactions.

Plant interactions associated with a directional shift in the richness range size relationship during the Glacial-Holocene transition in the Arctic.

A nearly ubiquitous negative relationship between taxonomic richness and mean range-size (average area of taxa) is observed across space. However, the complexity of the mechanism limits its applicability for conservation or range prediction. We explore whether the relationship holds over time, and whether plant speciation, environmental heterogeneity, or plant interactions are major factors of the relationship within northeast Siberia and Alaska.

SPHK1 enhances olaparib resistance in ovarian cancer through the NFκB/NRF2/ferroptosis pathway.

PARPis resistance is a challenge in the treatment of ovarian cancer. To investigate the potential mechanism involved in olaparib resistance of ovarian cancer, high-throughput sequencing was performed on olaparib-resistant SKOV3 cell line named SK/Ola. SPHK1 was upregulated in SK/Ola cells and was related to the PFS and OS in ovarian cancer patients.

Regulatory role of PPAR in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common tumors in the digestive system, and the majority of patients are found to be in advanced stages, which is a burden to human health all over the world. Moreover, in recent years, CRC has been progressively becoming younger, with an increasing incidence mainly among patients <50 years old. Despite the increase in awareness of CRC and the continuous improvement of medical treatment nowadays, the challenge of CRC still needs to be conquered.

Targeting ferroptosis: a promising approach for treating lung carcinoma.

Lung carcinoma incidence and fatality rates remain among the highest on a global scale. The efficacy of targeted therapies and immunotherapies is commonly compromised by the emergence of drug resistance and other factors, resulting in a lack of durable therapeutic benefits. Ferroptosis, a distinct pattern of cell death marked by the buildup of iron-dependent lipid peroxides, has been shown to be a novel and potentially more effective treatment for lung carcinoma.

Coupling CuO clusters and imine-linked COFs on microfiltration membranes for fast and robust water sterilization.

As bacterial contamination crises escalate, the development of advanced membranes possessing both high flux and antibacterial properties is of paramount significance for enhancing water sterilization efficiency. Herein, an ultrathin layer of TbPa (an imine-linked covalent organic framework) and nanosized CuO clusters, sequentially deposited onto polyethersulfone membranes, demonstrate exceptional water flux performance, reaching a permeance level of 16000 LHM bar. The deposited TbPa, generating uniformly distributed reduction sites under illumination, facilitates the uniform formation of CuO clusters.

Skull bone marrow and skull meninges channels: redefining the landscape of central nervous system immune surveillance.

The understanding of neuroimmune function has evolved from concepts of immune privilege and protection to a new stage of immune interaction. The discovery of skull meninges channels (SMCs) has opened new avenues for understanding central nervous system (CNS) immunity. Here, we characterize skull bone marrow and SMCs by detailing the anatomical structures adjacent to the skull, the differences between skull and peripheral bone marrow, mainstream animal processing methods, and the role of skull bone marrow in monitoring various CNS diseases.

Targeted modulation of intestinal barrier and mucosal immune-related microbiota attenuates IgA nephropathy progression.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is related to the balance of gut microbiota. However, it is unclear whether changes in the gut microbiota can cause IgAN or attenuate its progression. This study employed IgAN and human microbiota-associated (HMA)-IgAN models to investigate the impact of IgAN on gut microbiota alteration and the mechanisms by which gut microbiota might trigger IgAN.