Discovery of antioxidants and α-glycosidase inhibitors from an endophytic fungus Penicillium brefeldianum F4a.

Oxidative stress significantly contributes to the progression of diabetes. The use of antioxidants or α-glycosidase inhibitors would be an effective therapeutic strategy for diabetes. To discover natural antioxidants or α-glycosidase inhibitors, two new compounds, penidione A (1) and peniorcinol D (2), were obtained from the endophytic fungus Penicillium brefeldianum F4a isolated from the roots of Houttuynia cordata Thunb.

1-Octen-3-ol exacerbates depression-induced neurotoxicity via the TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways.

1-Octen-3-ol is a volatile compound widely found in various fungi and plants, and studies have suggested its potential role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanism by which 1-octen-3-ol induces neural injury in rats remains unclear. In this study, we used aerosolized 1-octen-3-ol to treat depressive model rats to investigate its effects on neural injury behaviors and neurophysiology in SD rats.

Global Incidence, Risk Factors, and Temporal Trends of Adrenal Cancer: a systematic analysis of cancer registries.

Objectives: Adrenal gland cancer (AGC) is a rare cancer with a poor prognosis. Studies on this cancer have been limited. This study, for the first time, aims to analyse the global disease burden and trends of adrenal gland cancer in country level and examine lifestyle and socioeconomic risk factors to generate hypotheses.

Galectin-3 activates microglia and promotes neurological impairment via NLRP3/pyroptosis pathway following traumatic brain injury.

Background: Externally caused traumatic brain injury (TBI) poses a woeful worldwide health concern, bringing about disability, death, and prolonged neurological impairment. Increased galectin-3 levels have been linked to unfavorable outcomes in several neurological conditions. This study explores the role of galectin-3 in TBI, specifically examining its contribution to neuroinflammation.

Rapidly separable bubble microneedle-patch system present superior transdermal mRNA delivery efficiency.

Traditional mRNA vaccine formulation loaded by lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP) has several shortcomings in clinical application, including the need for cryopreservation, discomfort associated with intramuscular injections, and the risk of liver aggregation. Dissolvable microneedles (DMNs), as a novel transdermal drug delivery platform, can overcome the skin barrier to deliver drugs directly into the skin in a minimally invasive manner. However, mRNA-LNP is unstable and easily degraded during the solidification of DMN.

Hydrodynamics of the small vessel as described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Small volume dissolution systems are commonly used in dissolution testing, primarily in method development for low dose formulations compared to standard dissolution apparatuses used with evaluation of larger formulations. This is typically done because of cost savings associated with using smaller media volumes and sample sizes, to overcome the lack of material in early development, and to provide higher analytical sensitivity and discrimination ability. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia (CP) includes a small dissolution apparatus in their list ("Method 3 (Small Vessel)") (The State Pharmacopoeia Commission of P.

Mediating effects of gastroesophageal reflux disease and smoking behavior on the relationship between depression and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Trans-ethnic Mendelian randomization study.

Background: This study seeks to elucidate the association between depression and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, motivated by prior observational studies indicating a potential link between these conditions.

Methods: Data from individuals of European (EUR) and East Asian (EAS) ancestries diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) were selected for analysis. The primary method utilized was inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, supplemented by a series of sensitivity analyses and false discovery rate (FDR) corrections.

Trimethylamine N-oxide induces cardiac diastolic dysfunction by down-regulating Piezo1 in mice with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the direct link between trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and diastolic dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Materials And Methods: Diastolic dysfunction is the main manifestation of HFpEF, so the "two-hit" mouse HFpEF model are used. After treated with high-fat diet (HFD) and N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) for 8 weeks, the cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis, oxidative stress levels, and molecular alterations were assessed.

Bifidobacterium bifidum 1007478 derived indole-3-lactic acid alleviates NASH via an aromatic hydrocarbon receptor-dependent pathway in zebrafish.

Aims: This study investigates the potential of Bifidobacterium bifidum 1,007,478 (BB478) and its metabolite indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) in alleviating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and fructose exposure.

Materials And Methods: A zebrafish model of NASH was established by exposure to HFD and fructose. BB478 was administered, and the effects on liver lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation were assessed.

Polymyxin B induces pigmentation by upregulating ATG2A-ERK/CREB-MITF-PMEL17 signaling axis.

Polymyxin B serves as the last line of defense in treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, its distinctive side effect of hyperpigmentation significantly impacts patients' psychological well-being and treatment adherence. Currently, the underlying mechanism of polymyxin B-induced pigmentation remains to be incompletely investigated.

Timosaponin AⅢ inhibits ectopic lipid deposition and enhances the browning of white adipose tissue.

Timosaponin AⅢ(TAⅢ), derived from the Chinese medicinal herb Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, has been reported to have a range of pharmacological effects including improvement of learning and memory deficits, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic effect and anti-hypertension. This study explored the therapeutic effects and preliminary mechanisms of TAⅢ in improving insulin resistance in ob/ob mice. We found that treatment with 10 mg·kg·d of TAⅢ reduced the expression of SREBPs and alleviated ectopic lipid deposition by decreasing DAG accumulation in liver.

Research progress in the extraction, purification, structural features, biological activities, and structure-activity relationships from Prunella vulgaris polysaccharides.

Prunella vulgaris L., a globally recognized medicinal and edible plant, has been extensively used in China for over 2000 years, possessing the efficacy of clearing liver-fire, brightening the eyes, dispersing the knot, and reducing swelling. Phytochemical studies have shown that Prunella vulgaris contains various biologically active compounds, including flavonoids, triterpenes, polysaccharides, and phenolic acids.

Roles of non-coding RNAs and exosomal non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, in pathogenic mechanisms behind chronic pain: A review.

Chronic pain is a significant public health concern that diminishes patients' quality of life and imposes considerable socioeconomic costs. Effective pharmacological treatments for ongoing pain are limited. Recent studies have indicated that various models of chronic pain-such as neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, and pain associated with cancer-have abnormal levels of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs).

BEL1-like homeodomain transcription factor SAWTOOTH1 (MdSAW1) in Malus domestica enhances the tolerance of transgenic apple and Arabidopsis to zinc excess stress.

In recent years, the phenomenon of zinc pollution in orchards has become increasingly serious, and the safety of apple production is facing a major risk. Therefore, exploring excellent genes for zinc tolerance has a positive effect on apples. Up to now, there is still a lack of attention on genes related to zinc stress tolerance in apples.

Lignocellulosic biocomposites for preservation and storage materials based on suberin-enriched cork.

Traditional wood-plastic composites (WPC) face numerous challenges in their applications, such as the lack of flexibility, cushioning performance, water barrier properties, biodegradability and recyclability. To address these issues, in this work, a recyclable lignocellulosic biocomposites with excellent comprehensive performance was developed using cork flour and poly(1,4-dioxan-2-one) (PPDO) as the green raw materials. The prepared cork/PPDO WPC contained up to 70 wt% cork flour, conferring them with enhanced flexibility (elongation at break >10 %) and cushioning performance due to the strong interactions between PPDO and cork flour, as well as the cork unique flexibility from cork cavity structure and suberin.

Synergistic regulation of colon microflora and metabolic environment by resistant starch and sodium lactate in hyperlipidemic rats.

Type 3 resistant starch (RS3) regulates diet-related metabolic diseases by promoting intestinal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lactate production, and facilitating microbial lactate-to-butyrate fermentation. However, its precise in vivo mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we studied the effects of type 3 lotus seed resistant starch (LRS3) and sodium lactate (SL) on colonic microbiota composition, metabolism, and lipid parameters.

Dynamic reactive synthesis of bio-based compatibilizer via diepoxide monomers grafting polylactic acid and reactive compatibilization of incompatible polylactic acid/bamboo powder composites.

The synthesis of monomers with two epoxy structures (EIA) was successfully achieved by adopting holo-biobased feedstocks and in situ solvolysis reaction. The molecular structure of EIA was subjected to characterization through the use of infrared spectroscopy (IR), mass spectrometry (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (H NMR). The EIA was employed as the epoxy monomers for the synthesis of the grafted compatibilizer, resulting in the successful preparation of a fully bio-based and high epoxy value grafted compatibilizer (PLA-g-EIA (PLE)).

Explore peptides extracted from gliadin hydrolysates suppressing BACE1 activity and restraining Aβ protein deposition.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) constitutes approximately 70 % of dementia cases and is the most prevalent form of dementia. Current therapeutic options, including acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, provide symptomatic relief but do not cure the disease and often come with side effects. The primary pathological features of AD are amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, with amyloid plaques formed by the abnormal accumulation of Amyloid-β (Aβ).

Facile preparation of lac terpene acid based heat setting adhesive with improved performances.

As a by-product of shellac resin, the high-value utilization of lac terpene acid (LTA) is a major challenge. In this study, a novel adhesive material, designated as A-LTA, was developed through a facile synthesis reaction between LTA and melamine, demonstrating significantly enhanced performance characteristics. The A-LTA adhesive, owing to its diverse functional groups, demonstrates exceptional cross-linking and polymerization capabilities under elevated temperatures, resulting in the formation of multiple chemical bonds and a highly dense network structure.

Bulk transcriptome and single-nucleus RNA sequencing analyses highlight the role of recombination activating 1 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic condition with an incompletely understood pathogenesis. In this study, five candidate genes-RAG1, CKAP2, CENPK, TYMS, and BUB1-were identified as being associated with NAFLD progression through integrative bioinformatics analyses. A predictive model incorporating these genes demonstrated strong robustness and diagnostic accuracy.

Carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate-enhanced hydrogel for carbon dots loading: A novel platform for pH sensing and sensitive detection of Al and Ag.

To address the challenges associated with the storage and application of traditional carbon dot (CDs) solutions, this study introduces a cyan fluorescent carbon dot-based hydrogel (CDs-SCH). The hydrogel was synthesized by integrating cyan fluorescent CDs, derived from penicillamine and m-phenylenediamine, with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and sodium alginate (SA), which was then mixed with acrylamide (AM). The resulting CDs-SCH hydrogel was extensively characterized, focusing on its morphology, chemical structure, and fluorescence behavior.

Two different fabrication method of high-hydrophobic Bi-layer indicators based on sodium alginate-polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan-zein incorporated with alizarin@ZIF-8 for beef freshness visualization.

Intelligent films are essential for real-time monitoring of food spoilage. However, the application is often limited by challenges such as hydrophilicity and color instability. In this study, two high hydrophobic bilayer indicators based on sodium alginate-polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan-zein with alizarin grafted onto ZIF-8 carrier (AL@ZIF-8) were fabricated using the casting method and electrospinning, respectively.

A robust, stable, and scalable multifunctional composite foam utilizing full components of lignin and cellulose from lychee pruning waste.

Foam materials hold great promise in construction and packaging applications. However, the non-biodegradability and poor thermal stability of petroleum-based foams present serious environmental and safety concerns. It is crucial to develop sustainable, eco-friendly foam fabrication methods that balance environmental responsibility with high performance.

Synthesis of hollow hierarchical porous carbon spheres from lignin by soft template and hydrothermal method for supercapacitors.

Among the various carbon-based electrode materials, porous carbon spheres stand out for their exceptional properties, such as high specific surface area (SSA), high percussion density, and distinctive surface chemistry, which are conducive to uniform surface modification and acceleration of electrolyte diffusion, thereby enhancing the energy density of battery. Hollow carbon spheres, with their unique structure, are drawing increasing attention for their potential applications in energy storage devices. In this work, hollow hierarchical porous carbon spheres (HPCS) were synthesized by one-pot method using alkali lignin extracted from corn straw as carbon precursor, CTAB as template agent, Zn as crosslinking agent and KHCO as activator.

miR-7977 regulates the locomotor behavior by targeting diuretic hormone and SIFamide receptors in Tribolium castaneum.

Insect neuropeptides are crucial for chemical communication, influencing growth, metabolism, and behavior. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as non-coding RNAs, primarily regulate target gene expression. However, the co-regulation between miRNAs and neuropeptides in modulating locomotor behavior remains poorly understood.