Effects of two training workshops upon university students' learning of critical thinking.

We evaluated the effect of two workshops on learning about critical thinking amongst first- year university students. 66 Chilean pedagogy students participated, all female, with ages ranging between 18 and 37 years. Two experimental groups were organized, one with direct teaching (n = 22) and another one with semi-directed teaching (n = 19), plus a control group (n = 25).

Stroke severity shapes extracellular vesicle profiles and their impact on the cerebral endothelial cells.

Ischaemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) post-stroke may help brain endothelial cells (BECs) counter ischaemic injury. However data on how EVs from ischaemic stroke patients, considering injury severity, affect these cells are limited.

Gut-brain Axis and Irritable Bowel Syndrome During the Lockdown due to the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Survey-based Study.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is influenced by various factors, including socioemotional stressors. The COVID-19 lockdown created a unique environment characterized by reduced social interactions, potentially impacting IBS symptoms.

Aim: To assess how lockdown measures affected symptoms related to the gut-brain axis in IBS patients in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Advancing Parkinson's diagnosis: seed amplification assay for α-synuclein detection in minimally invasive samples.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia, beginning with early loss of dopaminergic neurons in the ventrolateral substantia nigra and advancing to broader neurodegeneration in the midbrain. The clinical heterogeneity of PD and the lack of specific diagnostic tests present significant challenges, highlighting the need for reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis. Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn), a protein aggregating into Lewy bodies and neurites in PD patients, has emerged as a key biomarker due to its central role in PD pathophysiology and potential to reflect pathological processes.

[The decline of analog radiological collection].

Throughout the 20th century, radiographs and fluoroscopies became essential elements to complete clinical evaluation. Images of the most relevant cases, together with their clinical records, were stored in the radiological collections of the hospitals. Over time, the need for physical space due to the emergence of new equipment, together with the digitization of radiographs and their digital storage, put an end to the collections, many of which were lost in a corner of modern X-ray services.

[Parenteral nutrition in neonatology and pediatrics: physicochemical stability, risks and precautions. Narrative review].

Parenteral nutrition is a high-risk therapy due to some of its components and the exceptional inclusion of drugs. It can contain more than 50 nutrients, with different characteristics of osmolarity, ionic charge, and pH, which can affect its physicochemical stability. In addition, environmental conditions such as light, temperature, and oxygen must be considered.

[Adrenal tumors in pediatric patients treated with minimally invasive surgery].

Unlabelled: Adrenal tumors in children are frequently neoplastic and malignant, and surgical resection is the first management option. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has proven to be a safe management alternative and is suggested as a preferred alternative approach.

Objective: To report the surgical outcomes of patients with adrenal tumors treated by MIS.

[Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and hemolytic anemia: two severe and unusual complications of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis].

Unlabelled: The most frequent cause of nephritic syndrome in the pediatric population is acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN). A rare complication is posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), characterized by subcortical vasogenic cerebral edema associated with variable neurological symptoms. The development of autoimmune hemolytic anemia is an atypical clinical presentation.

[Prognostic factors for survival in children with cancer and febrile neutropenia].

Unlabelled: Cancer remains one of the most important diseases in public health.

Objective: To estimate 5-year survival in pediatric cancer patients affected by FN, according to clinical-demographic variables.

Patients And Method: Survival, prognostic, and analytical study with historical cohort.

[Prolonged treatment of patent ductus arteriosus with paracetamol in very low birth weight preterm infants].

Unlabelled: Hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hs-PDA) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants continues to be an issue of research regarding the timing of treatment and which would be the most appropriate drug.

Objective: To assess the outcome of prolonged treatment with paracetamol in the closure of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in preterm newborns.

Patients And Method: Retrospective study in VLBW infants with echocardiographic and clinical diagnosis of hs-PDA who received treatment with intravenous paracetamol at 15 mg/kg every 6 hours for 6 days.

[Impact of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the presentation and management of acute appendicitis in children].

Unlabelled: Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most frequent cause of acute surgical abdomen in pediatrics. During the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown slowed surgical processes, delaying medical consultations.

Objective: To analyze the impact of the pandemic on the presentation and management of acute appendicitis.

[Screening in Cystic Fibrosis in the Chilean population. Pilot project for screening in newborns].

Unlabelled: Neonatal screening has been implemented internationally with different protocols and has become the routine method in the preclinical stage. Late diagnosis is associated with more severe symptoms with decreased survival and higher treatment costs.

Objectives: To estimate the incidence of cystic fibrosis; to evaluate the performance of the screening algorithms Immunoreactive Trypsinogen and Pancreatitis-Associated Protein (IRT/PAP) and the IRTxPAP product; to analyze the cut-off value for IRT, PAP, and IRTxPAP, and to establish a methodology for its ongoing evaluation; finally, to evaluate the quality of IRT and PAP measurements.

[Micronutrients intake in patients with refractory epilepsy with ketogenic diet treatment].

Unlabelled: The Ketogenic Diet (KD) is a non-pharmacological strategy for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) and inborn errors of metabolism (Glut-1 deficiency) management. KD is characterized by being restrictive, affecting micronutrient intake. There are different modalities of KD in which food intake and nutritional deficiencies vary.

[Factors associated with breastfeeding one month after discharge in very low weight premature infants hospitalized at birth].

Unlabelled: There is evidence of the benefits that breastfeeding (BF) provides to full-term and premature newborns who are hospitalized. In the latter, maintaining BF during and after hospitalization is difficult.

Objective: To determine the factors associated with BF cessation in preterm infants one month after discharge from a neonatology unit.

[Can CPAP prevent the progression of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome? A decade of experience in a Reference Center].

Viral infections are the main cause of acute respiratory failure in infants, which can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with high morbidity and mortality, so it is essential to imple ment strategies that prevent this progression. Recently, it has been proposed that increased work of breathing would not only be a warning symptom during the evolution of acute respiratory failure, but also a mechanism for the progression of injury, both lungs and diaphragm, coining the concept of patient self-inflicted lung injury. Since the first reports of ARDS, the usefulness of the use of con tinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been raised, a non-invasive respiratory support therapy with wide access and low cost, capable of improving oxygenation and work of breathing.

[Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Mental Health in Adolescents].

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine-metabolic disorder in female adolescents, and it is associated with metabolic, cardiovascular, and reproductive complications. Recent findings also suggest an association with psychiatric pathology, both affected patients and their offspring. In this update, we synthesized the recent literature on mental health in women and adolescents with PCOS through a systematic search in PubMed, Epistemonikos, and Scielo for articles published in the last 5 years.

[Pseudohiponatremia secondary to hypertriglyceridemia during the treatment of lymphoblastic lymphoma with corticoids and L-asparaginase].

Unlabelled: L-asparaginase (L-asp) is an antineoplastic drug used in Leukemia and Lymphoma treatment protocols. Alterations in lipid metabolism have been reported in 10-50% of children treated with L-Asp.

Objective: To report an unusual complication of lipid metabolism associated with the use of L-Asp.

[Benefits of home-based administration of palivizumab in high-risk groups].

Unlabelled: Palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), currently is indicated in groups at higher risk of developing severe RSV disease, such as extreme premature infants and patients with hemodynamically significant heart disease. In Chile, this strategy is guaranteed by Law 20850 (Ricarte Soto Law). Nevertheless, barriers to its administration included the need to transfer these labile patients and exposure to other users, with the risk of contagion in waiting rooms.