Guidelines International Network: Principles for Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Health Guideline Enterprise.

Description: Artificial intelligence (AI) has been defined by the High-Level Expert Group on AI of the European Commission as "systems that display intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking actions-with some degree of autonomy-to achieve specific goals." Artificial intelligence has the potential to support guideline planning, development and adaptation, reporting, implementation, impact evaluation, certification, and appraisal of recommendations, which we will refer to as "guideline enterprise." Considering this potential, as well as the lack of guidance for the use of AI in guidelines, the Guidelines International Network (GIN) proposes a set of principles for the development and use of AI tools or processes to support the health guideline enterprise.

A frustratingly easy way of extracting political networks from text.

This study demonstrates the use of GPT-4 and variants, advanced language models readily accessible to many social scientists, in extracting political networks from text. This approach showcases the novel integration of GPT-4's capabilities in entity recognition, relation extraction, entity linking, and sentiment analysis into a single cohesive process. Based on a corpus of 1009 Chilean political news articles, the study validates the graph extraction method using 'legislative agreement', i.

Global and Local Shielding/Deshielding Variation in C60 and C70 Fullerenes Upon Reduction: Evaluation of Aromaticity, 13C-NMR and Anisotropy Patterns.

Fullerenes are statically pleasant species featuring symmetric cages, which can be modified upon reduction. Here, we theoretically account for the variation of 13C-NMR patterns in C60 and C70 upon six-fold reduction and the overall variation of the enabled shielding/deshielding regions induced by π and σ electrons according to different orientations of the external field and the related anisotropy. Our results show a significant modification of the chemical shift given by the main variation of the σ33 (or δ33) shielding component under the principal axis system (PAS) of the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) at the representative carbon nucleus.

New records on autogenic behavior among populations of Ornithodoros fonsecai (Labruna and Venzal, 2009) (Ixodida: Argasidae) from northeastern Brazil.

Ornithodoros fonsecai is an argasid tick that is endemic to Brazil. The autogeny (the oviposition without a blood meal) can be facultative or obligatory in female ticks of the family Argasidae. The present study reports new records on the facultative autogeny among populations of O.

Effects of vaginal microbiota on fertilization outcomes in women with different infertility causes.

Unlabelled: Backed by advancements in technologies like microbial sequencing, many studies indicate that the vaginal microbiome is a key marker of female reproductive health. However, further studies are still needed to investigate the correlation between vaginal microbiota (VMB) and outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Therefore, this study compared the VMB of two types of infertile women undergoing fertilization (IVF) with normal control women during the implantation window period and investigated the effects of VMB characteristics on IVF outcomes.

Fungal endophytes modulate the negative effects induced by Persistent Organic Pollutants in the antarctic plant Colobanthus quitensis.

Antarctica has one of the most sensitive ecosystems to the negative effects of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) on its biodiversity. This is because of the lower temperatures and the persistence of POPs that promote their accumulation or even biomagnification. However, the impact of POPs on vascular plants is unknown.

Rate estimation and trend analysis of new HIV infections among the international migrant population in Chile from 2013 to 2022.

Background: International migrants are central to HIV research, but comparative data on their infection rates versus resident populations, including in Chile, are scarce. This study compares HIV incidence rates between international migrants and Chileans.

Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted.

Therapeutic functions of medical implants from various material categories with integrated biomacromolecular systems.

Medical implants are designed to replace missing parts or improve body functions and must be capable of providing structural support or therapeutic intervention for a medical condition. Advances in materials science have enabled the development of devices made from metals, polymers, bioceramics, and composites, each with its specific advantages and limitations. This review analyzes the incorporation of biopolymers, proteins, and other biomacromolecules into implants, focusing on their role in biological integration and therapeutic functions.

Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of Gastric High-Grade Foveolar Dysplasia With Normal Background Mucosa.

Most gastric neoplastic lesions appear in patients with gastric premalignant conditions. Here, we present the case of a 75-year-old woman with no prior history of infection, with a big gastric adenoma resected by endoscopic submucosal dissection. Histopathological examination revealed high-grade foveolar dysplasia.

Electrochemical Monitoring of Vitamins B and C in Environmental Matrices with an Oligo Diaminotriazole Electrode.

Chemical polymerization/oligomerization opens numerous opportunities, from fundamental materials research to practical applications in catalysis, energy, sensing, and medicine. The electrochemical detection of vitamins B (folic acid) and C (ascorbic acid) requires new approaches because of low selectivity, electrode fouling, and interference from other chemicals. As an excellent material for long-term vitamin detection, oligo 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole (oligo DAT) enhances the sensitivity, selectivity, and stability of sensors by creating a stable, conductive layer that facilitates electron transfer and reduces interference from common substances like glucose or uric acid.

Reagent efficiency and analytical sensitivity optimization for a reliable SARS-CoV-2 pool-based testing strategy.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic caused millions of infections worldwide. Among the strategies for effective containment, frequent and massive testing was fundamental. Although sample pooling allows multiplying the installed analysis capacity, the definition of the number of samples to include in a pool is commonly guided more by economic parameters than analytical quality.

Fabrication of water-dispersible dye/polymer matrix-stabilized β-FeOOH (Rh-B/F127@β-FeOOH) nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and therapeutic applications.

In this study, dye/polymer matrix-stabilized β-FeOOH nanomaterials were fabricated for therapeutic applications. Rh-B/F127@β-FeOOH nanomaterials were synthesized using two different methods: co-precipitation (CoP) and hydrothermal (HT) methods. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, including FT-IR, UV-Vis, PL, XRD, HR-TEM, and XPS analysis.

Secular Trends in Birth Weight in Chile and Its Regions Between 1990 and 2021.

Objective: The objective is to analyze secular trends in birth weight (BW) for Chile from 1990 to 2021, focusing on the mean BW and low birth weight (LBW) prevalence, and to assess differences across Chilean regions.

Methods: Our sample, obtained from the Chilean National Statistics Office, contains information on 7 822 975 births, including the total births that took place in Chile from 1990 to 2021. We calculated mean BW and LBW prevalence at a national and a regional level.

Bayesian Analysis of Censored Linear Mixed-Effects Models for Heavy-Tailed Irregularly Observed Repeated Measures.

The use of mixed-effect models to understand the evolution of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the progression of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been the cornerstone of longitudinal data analysis in recent years. However, data from HIV/AIDS clinical trials have several complexities. Some of the most common recurrences are related to the situation where the HIV viral load can be undetectable, and the measures of the patient can be registered irregularly due to some problems in the data collection.

The 9/3 Min Running Test: A Simple and Practical Approach to Estimate the Critical and Maximal Aerobic Power.

This study aims to determine the validity of the linear critical power (CP) and Peronnet models to estimate the power output associated with the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) and the maximal aerobic power (MAP) using two-time trials. Nineteen recreational runners (10 males and 9 females and maximum oxygen uptake: 53.0 ± 4.

Anthropometry, body composition, somatotype and asymmetry of canoe sprint world champion: A case study.

Body composition is a determinant of physical fitness and sports performance. To describe the anthropometric characteristics, body composition, somatotype, and asymmetries of the 2023 world champion in the C1-1000 canoeing event. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and anthropometry were used to describe the athlete's body composition.

Daylight Saving Time and Automobile Accidents: Evidence From Chile.

Under the evidence that the Daylight Saving Time (DST) regime does not accomplish its primary goal of saving energy, I analyze one of the main side effects, automobile accidents in Chile between 2002 and 2018. I use a Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) exploiting the discrete nature of the transition into DST and a Difference-in-Difference (DID) approach, taking advantage of the changes in dates that the policy starts and ends over the years. I find a 2.

Carbon monoxide-oxidising Pseudomonadota on volcanic deposits.

Carbon monoxide (CO) oxidising microorganisms are present in volcanic deposits throughout succession, with levels of vegetation and soil influencing the communities present. Carboxydovores are a subset of CO oxidisers that use CO as an energy source, which raises questions about the physiological and metabolic features that make them more competitive in harsh volcanic ecosystems. To address these questions, samples were taken from volcanic strata formed by eruptions from Calbuco Volcano (Chile) in 2015 (tephra) and 1917 (soil).

Influence of Loudness, Pitch, Vowel, and Voice Condition on Supraglottic Tissue Displacement in Female Participants.

Purpose: The present study aims at exploring the effect of pitch, loudness, vowel, and voice condition on supraglottic activity among female participants with voice disorders and among female participants with normal voices.

Methods: Forty-four volunteers were recruited. Inclusion criteria for the dysphonic group were: 1) age between 20 and 50 years, 2) reporting at least 1 year-long history of voice problems, 3) moderate or severe dysphonia.

Human sleep and immunity: The role of circadian patterns.

It is well established that sleep promotes health and welfare. Literature data suggests that sleep is a recurrent resting state that performs multiple biological functions, such as memory consolidation and regulation of glucose, lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, eating behavior, and blood pressure, besides, regulating the immune system. These immunological functions depend on regular sleep and circadian rhythms, as both impact the magnitude of immune responses.

Relationship among depression, fatigue, and sleep after traumatic brain injury: The role of physical exercise as a non-pharmacological therapy.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a burdensome condition frequently associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders. Although the exact molecular signaling pathways have not yet been fully defined, the compromised integrity of functional brain networks in regions such as the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex has been linked to persistent symptoms, including depression, fatigue, and sleep disorders. Understanding how TBI affects neural physiology enables the development of effective interventions.

Removal of ciprofloxacin using polymeric nanocomposites synthesized from alkylated chitosan ionic macromonomers, ionic monomers and hydrotalcite.

The contamination of water systems by antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin (CIP), which is used to treat bacterial infections, poses severe risks to environmental safety and public health. To address this issue, a novel zwitterionic polymeric nanocomposite (PNs-HTC) was developed in this study. This novel material was synthesized using alkylated chitosan ionic macromonomers, ionic monomers and combined with hydrotalcite (HTC) via in situ free radical polymerization.

Global impact of 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on pneumococcal meningitis in all ages: the PSERENADE project.

Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) introduced in childhood national immunization programs lowered vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), but replacement with non-vaccine-types persisted throughout the PCV10/13 follow-up period. We assessed PCV10/13 impact on pneumococcal meningitis incidence globally.

Methods: The number of cases with serotyped pneumococci detected in cerebrospinal fluid and population denominators were obtained from surveillance sites globally.

Educational outcomes of care leavers and their matched peers: A gender perspective.

Background: Educational gaps between care leavers and their same-age peers not in care are well documented. However, little is known about gender disparities in educational outcomes between care leavers and their matched peers.

Objectives: To examine and predict secondary school educational attainments (EA) and enrollment in postsecondary education (PSE) by (1) study group: care leavers versus their matched peers, (2) gender: men versus women, (3) interaction between study group and gender.