Haemolytic uremic syndrome as a cause of chronic kidney disease stage 5 in children is in retreat: results from the Polish Registry of Kidney Replacement Therapy in children (2000-2023).

Background: Haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a life-threatening disease with a historically poor prognosis in children receiving maintenance kidney replacement therapy (KRT). This study aimed to analyse the incidence and outcome of chronic kidney disease stage 5 (CKD5) due to Escherichia coli-HUS (STEC-HUS) and complement-mediated HUS (CM-HUS) in children, compared with controls with non-HUS CKD5 over the last 24 years.

Methods: The study included 1488 children undergoing KRT in Poland between 2000 and 2023.

Evaluation of the usefulness of determining the level of selected inflammatory biomarkers and resistin concentration in perivascular adipose tissue and plasma for predicting postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients who underwent myocardial revascularisation.

Background: The development of coronary artery disease (CAD) is related to the impaired quantity and composition of inflammatory proteins found in plasma and tissue, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), adipokines, and resistin. Therefore, the level of plasma resistin in patients with advanced CAD could be indicative of the condition of epicardial adipose tissue and thus have an impact on the frequency and severity of postoperative complications in the form of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

Methods: The study included 108 patients who qualified for elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery from 2017 to 2020 and were categorized into two groups.

Sensorineural hearing loss in GSD type I patients. A newly recognized symptomatic association of potential clinical significance and unclear pathomechanism.

Objective: Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type I is an inborn error of carbohydrates metabolism characterized by inability to convert glucose-6-phosphate to glucose. It presents with serious liver and metabolic complications, as well as in type Ib with severe infections due to neutropenia. So far, the sensorineural hearing impairment has not been reported in these patients.

Premedication Does Not Influence the Incidence of Infliximab Infusion Reactions in Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease-A Single Center Case-Control Study.

Background: Infusion reactions (IRs) are the most common adverse events (AEs) of infliximab (IFX) treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Prophylactic premedication (PM) with corticosteroids or antihistamines prior to IFX infusions has been used in clinical practice, but its efficacy is not known. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of steroid PM on IR incidence in pediatric patients with IBD receiving IFX.

Nutritional Therapy in Pediatric Crohn's Disease-Are We Going to Change the Guidelines?

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the incidence of Crohn's disease. Despite significant medical progress, the treatment options available today do not meet the needs of all patients. Recent reports indicate that external environmental factors, including diet, are key in the pathomechanism of the disease.

The risk of cardiovascular complications in inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing disease of unknown etiology involving gastrointestinal tract. IBD comprises two main entities: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Several studies showed increased risk of cardiovascular complications in chronic inflammatory disorders, especially during IBD relapses.

Intraoperative Troponin Elevation in Liver Transplantation Is Independently Associated With Mortality: A Prospective Observational Study.

Intraoperative factors implicated in postoperative mortality after liver transplantation (LT) are poorly understood. Because LT is a particularly demanding procedure, we hypothesized that intraoperative myocardial injury may be frequent and independently associated with early postoperative outcomes. We aimed to determine the association between intraoperative high-sensitivity troponin (hsTn) elevation during LT and 30-day postoperative mortality.

Tension pneumocephalus following suboccipital sitting craniotomy in the pediatric population.

Background: Sitting craniotomy often results in entrapment of air in fluid-filled intracranial cavities. Gas under pressure exerts a deleterious effect on adjacent nervous tissue, resulting in clinical deterioration.

Aim Of Study: To assess the incidence of tension pneumocephalus (TP) and to define risk factors associated therewith.

Biologics in renal transplantation.

The biologics used in transplantation clinical practice include several monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies aimed at specific cellular receptors. The effect of their mechanisms of action includes depleting or blocking specific cell subpopulations, complement system, or removing circulating preformed antibodies and blocking their production. They are used in induction, desensitization ABO-incompatible renal transplantation, rescue therapy of steroid-resistant acute rejection, treatment of posttransplant recurrence of primary disease such as nephrotic syndrome or atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and in late humoral rejection.

Cytomegalovirus alpha-chemokine genotypes are associated with clinical manifestations in children with congenital or postnatal infections.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading cause of congenital infections. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of genotypes based on the highly polymorphic UL146 and UL147 HCMV genes and the relationship between the genotype and symptoms or viral load. We analyzed samples from 121 infants with symptomatic HCMV infection, including 32 congenitally infected newborns.

B cell subsets in healthy children: reference values for evaluation of B cell maturation process in peripheral blood.

Background: The process of maturation of the immune system leads to generation of various lymphoid cell populations having the ability to react in specific way and expressing various markers on the cell surface. The study was set up to establish reference values for B lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood of children and young adults to find the spectrum of their physiological age-related variation.

Methods: Blood samples were taken from 292 children and young adults aged 0-31 years and tested for distribution of B cell subsets.

Non-resectable hepatic tumors in children - role of liver transplantation.

Background: There is a group of children with primary hepatic tumors which can not be resected by conventional partial liver resection. Total hepatectomy followed by liver transplantation may be the only solution in such cases. Authors reviewed own experience with the liver transplantation for unresectable tumors in children and assessed the possible indications and role of transplantation in these patients.

Liver transplantation for fulminant Wilson's disease in children.

Background: Fulminant Wilson's disease (FWD) is rare and fatal condition in children unless liver transplantation is performed, however introduction of new technologies could change this poor prognosis. The aim of our study was retrospective analysis of clinical course, treatment and outcome of children with FWD treated in our institution.

Material/methods: Between 1999-2007 we've treated in our hospital 13 patients with mean age of 15.

Genital reconstruction.

Genital reconstruction is necessary in various types of congenital malformations. Although various surgical procedures may be used depending on the anomaly, the basic principles are the same. Three groups of pathology are discussed: hypospadias, ambiguous genitalia and exstrophy-epispadias complex.

Retinal cotton-wool spots as the first sign of systemic sarcoidosis.

Isolated retinal cotton-spots have not yet been reported as the sign of ocular sarcoidosis. We describe three patients with retinal cotton-wool spots of initially unknown etiology in whom systemic sarcoidosis was diagnosed 6-16 months later. The diagnosis was confirmed by conjunctival biopsy.