Assessing Clinical Improvement of Infants Hospitalized for Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Related Critical Illness.

Background: Pediatric respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-related acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) commonly requires hospitalization. The Clinical Progression Scale Pediatrics (CPS-Ped) measures level of respiratory support and degree of hypoxia across a range of disease severity, but it has not been applied in infants hospitalized with severe RSV-LRTI.

Methods: We analyzed data from a prospective surveillance registry of infants hospitalized for RSV-related complications across 39 U.

Symptoms, Quality of Life, and Executive Function in Children Who Snore.

Introduction: Mild sleep-disordered breathing (mSDB) in children is associated with both neurobehavioral morbidity and reduced quality of life (QOL). However, the association between symptom burden and QOL with executive function is not well understood, and it is not known whether QOL and symptom burden may help identify children with neurocognitive dysfunction.

Objective: To assess associations among executive function, QOL, and symptom burden in children with mSDB.

-related disorder in 87 adults: Natural history and self-sustainability.

Purpose: is one of the most frequently mutated genes in intellectual disability cohorts. Thus, far few adult-aged patients with -related disorder have been described, which limits our understanding of the disease's natural history and our ability to counsel patients and their families.

Methods: Data on patients aged 18+ years with -related disorder were collected through an online questionnaire completed by clinicians and parents.

Virtual Reality as Active Distraction in Laceration Repair: A Game Changer?

Objectives: We conducted an unblinded, randomized control trial to determine if immersive virtual reality (VR) goggles decrease pain and fear scores in children undergoing laceration repair in the pediatric emergency department (PED) compared to the standard of care. Secondary outcomes included duration of procedure, physical holding, anxiolytic usage, and desire to use VR goggles again.

Methods: Ninety-one patients aged 6-17 years in a PED with simple lacerations sutured by PED staff completed surveys.

Cross-education effects of balance training in individuals with chronic ankle instability.

Background: Individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) often experience deficits in balance, hip strength, and lumbopelvic stability. Unilateral balance training can lead to improved balance in the contralateral limb, but it is unknown if similar cross-education effects occur for hip strength and lumbopelvic stability. Our purpose was to determine if unilateral balance training improved balance, hip strength, and lumbopelvic stability of the contralateral limbs in individuals with CAI.

Experiences and barriers with home bladder manometry in the pediatric neurogenic bladder population: A qualitative study.

Background: Patients with neurogenic bladder are at risk of developing renal deterioration secondary to increased intravesical pressures. To date, urodynamics is the gold standard test to properly assess bladder dynamics. Home bladder manometry is a low-cost and simple method to evaluate bladder pressures and volumes during clean intermittent catheterization (CIC).

Simulation-Based Training in Clinical Event Debriefing Improves Leadership Performance.

Objectives: Clinical event debriefing (CED) improves healthcare team performance and patient outcomes. Most pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians do not receive formal training in leading CED. Our objectives were to develop a CED curriculum and evaluate its effect on performance, knowledge, comfort, and clinical practice.

Vacuum Bell Therapy for Pectus Excavatum: Long-term Experience at a Single Center.

Aim: To evaluate factors associated with excellent correction in pectus excavatum patients undergoing vacuum bell therapy (VBT).

Methods: A single-institution retrospective chart review was performed November 2012-April 2023 to assess corrections of patients who underwent VBT. Patient demographics, presentation, and results were collected.

Titration Protocol for Upper Airway Stimulation in Pediatric Patients With Down Syndrome.

Importance: Upper airway stimulation (UAS) was recently approved to treat persistent obstructive sleep apnea in pediatric patients with Down syndrome. Appropriate titration of the UAS implantable device is essential to achieve optimal outcomes, but standardized titration protocols for young patients are lacking.

Objective: To develop and share a UAS titration protocol for pediatric patients with Down syndrome.

Vitamin D Deficiency and Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity.

Importance: Prior research has demonstrated an association between vitamin D deficiency and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults; however, its association with pediatric OSA is emerging.

Objective: To evaluate the association of vitamin D levels with obstructive Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) in children with OSA.

Design, Settings, And Participants: This was a cross-sectional study of children aged 2 to 16 years with severe obstructive OSA (AHI ≥20 on polysomnogram) who were undergoing adenotonsillectomy at a tertiary care pediatric otolaryngology clinic from 2017 to 2022.

Comparing the Effects of Progressive Balance and Hip Strengthening Rehabilitation in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability.

Context: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is associated with motor-behavioral and sensory-perceptual impairments, including reduced balance performance, hip strength, and ankle function, and increased disablement, and injury-related fear. Progressive balance training (BAL) and hip strengthening (HIP) can both improve balance and function, but their comparative effects are unknown. Our objective was to compare the effects of progressive BAL and HIP on balance, hip strength, and patient-reported outcomes in those with CAI.

The Utility of the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills as a Literacy Screener for Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to (a) compare outcomes between children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) and children with typical hearing (CTH) on the DIBELS Eighth Edition assessment and (b) compare outcomes of children who are DHH on the DIBELS to other standardized literacy assessments.

Method: Participants included 19 children who are DHH and 19 CTH in kindergarten or first grade. All participants who are DHH had bilateral hearing loss and used listening technology.

HLA DQA1*05 and risk of anti-TNF treatment failure and anti-drug antibody development in children with Crohn's Disease: HLA DQA1*05 and Pediatric Crohn's Disease.

Objectives: HLA DQA1*05 has been associated with the development of anti-drug antibodies (ADA) to tumor necrosis factor antagonists (anti-TNF) and treatment failure among adults with Crohn's disease (CD). However, findings from other studies have been inconsistent with limited pediatric data.

Methods: We analyzed banked serum from patients with CD < 21 years of age enrolled in COMBINE, a multi-center, prospective randomized trial of anti-TNF monotherapy vs.

Low Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Levels During Maintenance Phase Are Associated With Treatment Failure in Children With Crohn's Disease.

Background: Higher drug levels and combination therapy with low-dose oral methotrexate (LD-MTX) may reduce anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment failure in pediatric Crohn's disease. We sought to (1) evaluate whether combination therapy with LD-MTX was associated with higher anti-TNF levels, (2) evaluate associations between anti-TNF levels and subsequent treatment failure, and (3) explore the effect of combination therapy on maintenance of remission among patients with therapeutic drug levels (>5 µg/mL for infliximab and >7.5 µg/mL for adalimumab).

RLS-0071, a novel anti-inflammatory agent, significantly reduced inflammatory biomarkers in a randomised human evaluation of mechanisms and safety study.

Background: This study was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study intended to establish the translatability of the RLS-0071 mechanisms of action from animal disease models to humans by inhibiting neutrophil-mediated inflammation at the tissue level and major inflammatory biomarkers. We hypothesised that RLS-0071 inhibits a temporary neutrophil-mediated inflammation in the lungs induced by inhalation of low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in healthy participants.

Methods: Participants were randomised to one of three arms to receive inhaled LPS followed by three doses of either low-dose (10 mg·kg) or high-dose (120 mg·kg loading dose followed by two doses of 40 mg·kg) RLS-0071 or placebo (saline) every 8 h.

The Effect of Step Stool Use on Chest Compression Quality During CPR in Young Children: Findings From the Videography in Pediatric Emergency Research (VIPER) Collaborative.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of stepstool use on chest compression (CC) quality during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in young children.

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of children <8 years of age who received CC for >2 minutes in the emergency department. Data were collected through CC monitor device and video review.

Weight Gain After Adenotonsillectomy in Children With Mild Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Exploratory Analysis of the PATS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: It is unknown whether adenotonsillectomy causes undesirable weight gain in children with mild obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (oSDB).

Objective: To compare changes in anthropometric measures in children with mild oSDB treated with adenotonsillectomy vs watchful waiting.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was an exploratory analysis of the Pediatric Adenotonsillectomy Trial for Snoring (PATS) randomized clinical trial of adenotonsillectomy vs watchful waiting for mild oSDB (snoring with obstructive apnea-hypopnea index of <3 events/hour) that took place at 7 pediatric tertiary care centers across the US and included 458 children aged 3.