Postoperative Tetraplegia to a Child after Cerebellar Pilocytic Astrocytoma Excision at Prone Position: Case Report and Literature Review.

BACKGROUND Various factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of infarction after posterior fossa surgery such as venous air embolism, patient's position (seated or prone), hyperflexion of the neck, excessive spinal cord traction, cervical canal stenosis, and systemic arterial hypotension. The main aim of this case report was to elucidate a case in which hydrogen peroxide was implicated in a major and systemic complication after a neurosurgical procedure. CASE REPORT We describe the case of a 5-year-old female patient who was admitted to our hospital because of a cerebellar hemispheric astrocytoma associated with obstructive hydrocephalus and accompanied by 2 syringomyelic cavities in the cervicothoracic portion of the spinal cord.

Progress in Fertility Preservation Strategies in Turner Syndrome.

Growth retardation and gonadal dysgenesis are two of the most important clinical manifestations of Turner syndrome (TS). As premature ovarian failure generally occurs early in life in women with TS, these patients should be counseled and evaluated as early as possible for discussion of optimal and individualized fertility preservation strategies. Infertility seriously affects the quality of life of women with TS.

The clinical outcome of the 'Surgilig' technique for the reconstruction of acromioclavicular dislocations: A systematic review.

Purpose: To investigate whether the 'Surgilig' technique is safe and effective for the treatment of patients suffering from acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocations graded as Rockwood's type III or higher.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results: The failure rate of the "Surgilig" implant was very low (3.

Correction to: The child and adolescent psychiatry: study of training in Europe (CAP‑STATE).

The original article has been corrected.

Pancreatitis in A Patient with Cystic Fibrosis Taking Ivacaftor.

Pancreatitis is rare in pancreatic insufficient cystic fibrosis patients. While pancreatic insufficiency has been considered irreversible until now, in the current era of new therapies with modulators of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator CFTR channel, there are reports of improvement of pancreatic exocrine function. We describe the case of an adolescent with cystic fibrosis who developed pancreatitis after the partial recovery of pancreatic function while taking ivacaftor.

Edema of the Floor of the Fourth Ventricle Accompanying Shunt Malfunction and Disappearance of It After Shunt Repair: Case Report and Literature Review.

BACKGROUND The ventriculoperitoneal shunt remains, despite recent advances, the mainstay of treatment for hydrocephalus. Although it is used as a routine practice, and besides its recorded and documented safety, it often malfunctions due to a variety of reasons, most commonly referred to as obstruction, breakage, migration and infection. A usual finding of those children suspected to magnetic resonance imaging is the detection of a rim of hyperintensity in the periventricular white matter (halo).

Recurrent arterial ischemic strokes in a patient with patent foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus: Presentation of our management and review of the literature.

Ischemic stroke in children is a relatively rare entity, relative to the adult population. The most common potential risk factors include cardiac embolism, prothrombotic states and vasculopathies. The diagnosis is concerning for the need to identify the underlying cause.

Severe Neuromuscular Scoliosis Implicated by Dysfunction of Intrathecal Baclofen Pump: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Complex spinal deformities are a common issue in pediatric patients with an underlying neurologic diagnosis or syndrome. Management of neuromuscular scoliosis is an awesome responsibility, because these patients present with the most challenging pathologies of the deformed spine. Along with surgical correction of the underlying deformity, an intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pump is considered effective in managing the associated spasticity.

Pediatric growth hormone therapy in Greece: analysis of the Hellenic cohort of the GeNeSIS study.

Purpose: To describe the data from the Greek cohort of the Genetics and Neuroendocrinology of Short Stature International Study (GeNeSIS).

Methods: GeNeSIS was a prospective, open-label, multinational, observational study collecting information on clinical outcomes and treatment safety of children with growth disorders treated with growth hormone (GH), according to national indications. After informed consent, 305 patients (143 females), including 255 patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and 30 with Turner syndrome (TS), from eight investigational sites, were enrolled in Greece.

Association of Polymorphisms in the Genes of Angiotensinogen and Angiotensin Receptors With Risk for Basal Cell Carcinoma.

Background/aim: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has been genetically associated with an increased expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), an important factor of the renin-angiotensin system which produces vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. Other factors of this system include angiotensinogen (AGT) and angiotensin receptors AGTR1, AGTR2. We investigated the possible association of BCC with genetic variability in the AGT, AGTR1 and AGTR2 genes.

Parental anxiety in pediatric surgery consultations: the role of health literacy and need for information.

Introduction: Although important, parental anxiety, health literacy and need-for-information in pediatric surgery outpatient clinics have not been extensively studied. Lower educational attainments, minorities and lower socioeconomic status have been associated with limited health literacy. Parental anxiety has been related to health literacy, sex, education and information needs.

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis Initially Erroneously Diagnosed as Glioma of the Cerebellum: Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Herpes simplex encephalitis caused by herpes simplex has an estimated annual prevalence in the order of 1 in 250,000 to 500,000 patients and is considered to be the most usually encountered nonendemic pathogenic cause of lethal encephalitis in well-developed countries. There are a few cases reported in the literature in which a diagnostic dilemma between was raised between herpes simplex encephalitis and brain glioma and a definitive diagnosis was difficult to obtain.

Case Description: We report the case of a 5-year-old girl with a previous medical history of premature thelarche.

Antibiotic treatment and antimicrobial resistance in children with urinary tract infections.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe antibiotic prescribing patterns and antimicrobial resistance rates in hospitalised children with febrile and afebrile urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Methods: Antibiotic prescriptions and antibiograms for neonates, infants and older children with UTI admitted to a general district hospital in Central Greece were evaluated. Data covering a 5-year period were collected retrospectively from the Paediatric Department's Electronic Clinical Archive.

Primary, Dural-Based, Ewing Sarcoma Manifesting with Seizure Activity: Presentation of a Rare Tumor Entity with Literature Review.

Background: Primary Ewing sarcoma arising from the calvarial bone and/or underlying dura matter are relatively rarely reported in the literature. Even rarer are considered to be those that originate from the dura and proliferate in both directions, toward the brain parenchyma and through the dura invading the overlying bone.

Case Description: We report the case of a girl aged 11 years who presented with an ictus of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, without known focal neurologic deficit.

PCSK9 and Lp(a) levels of children born after assisted reproduction technologies.

Purpose: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]) levels are associated with cardiovascular risk. To investigate PCSK9 and Lp(a) levels of children born after assisted reproduction technologies (ART) compared with naturally conceived (NC) controls.

Methods: In this exposure-matched cohort study, 73 racial-, sex-, and age-matched children (mean age 98 ± 35 months) of ART (intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI] n = 33, classic in vitro fertilization [IVF] n = 40) and 73 NC children were assessed.

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Psychiatric Comorbidity in a Patient with Myhre Syndrome.

Myhre syndrome (MS) is a connective tissue disorder with multisystem involvement with or without intellectual disability. In most cases SMAD4 mutations are reported. To date, 55 individuals have been molecularly confirmed.

Two novel variants in the gene identified in cases with craniosynostosis.

Craniosynostosis (CS) is a condition where one or more of the cranial sutures fuse prematurely. It affects almost 1/2,000 newborns, and includes both syndromic and non-syndromic cases. To date, variants in over 70 different genes have been associated with the expression of CS.

Weaning practices in phenylketonuria vary between health professionals in Europe.

Background: In phenylketonuria (PKU), weaning is considered more challenging when compared to feeding healthy infants. The primary aim of weaning is to gradually replace natural protein from breast milk or standard infant formula with solids containing equivalent phenylalanine (Phe). In addition, a Phe-free second stage L-amino acid supplement is usually recommended from around 6 months to replace Phe-free infant formula.

Repair of a Transclival Meningocele Through a Transoral Approach: Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Transclival meningoceles and related primary spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks at the clivus are extremely rare lesions, with only a few cases reported in the literature.

Case Description: An infant presented with nasal airway obstruction and meningitis secondary to cerebrospinal fluid leak from a transclival meningocele. The radiologic investigation and surgical repair of the lesion are reported, along with intraoperative findings.

The Management of Permanent Primary Hypoparathyroidism in Children and Adolescents: A Complex Task.

Management of hypoparathyroidism (hypoPT), depends on the etiology and the severity of hypocalcemia. Treatment goals include control of hypocalcemic symptoms preserving serum calcium in the low-normal range and phosphate in the high normal range. While correction of serum calcium to low-normal range does not fully correct mineral and bone metabolism it may be associated with increased risk of complications such as nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis and soft tissue calcifications.

Cerebral hemorrhagic infarction as the initial manifestation of deep venous thrombosis in a child with patent foramen ovale.

Arterial ischemic stroke (AIS), with an estimated incidence of 1.1-4.3 per 100,000, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children and the risk of recurrence is high.

Home blood pressure monitoring in pediatric hypertension: the US perspective and a plan for action.

The 2017 US guidelines for pediatric hypertension place considerable emphasis on blood pressure measurements, which are the cornerstone for hypertension diagnosis and management. It is recognized that when the diagnosis of hypertension is based solely on office blood pressure measurements, many children are misclassified (over- or underdiagnosed). Therefore, out-of-office blood pressure evaluations using ambulatory or home blood pressure monitoring are often necessary to obtain an accurate diagnosis.

Evaluating how paediatric nurses perceive the family-centred model of care and its use in daily practice.

Aim: the study aimed to assess nurses' perceptions of family-centred care and how they applied the family-centred model of care in everyday practice. The model aims to involve families in the care of hospitalised children and to promote a cooperative relationship between parents and nurses.

Method: 183 nurses from a paediatric hospital in Athens completed the Family-Centered Care Questionnaire-Revised, enabling researchers to collect demographic data and obtain nurses' views on a range of topics.

Prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Data from the international SWEET registry.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of underweight (UW), overweight (OW), and obesity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: An international cross-sectional study including 23 026 T1D children (2-18 years, duration of diabetes ≥1 year) participating in the SWEET prospective, multicenter diabetes registry. Body mass index SD score (BMI-SDS) was calculated using the World Health Organization BMI charts.