Eyes on communication: strategies to facilitate uptake of clinical practice guidelines for implementation of eye-gaze control technology by people with cerebral palsy. A mixed methods study.

Guidelines for implementation of eye-gaze control technology by people with cerebral palsy were published in 2021. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators clinicians perceive exist relating to use of these guidelines for eye-gaze control technology, and to explore potential resources that may be developed to support their implementation. A two-phased mixed methods explanatory sequential design was adopted.

The development of Stereo-Electroencephalography (SEEG) in Southeast Asia and Oceania: Challenges to equity across the region.

Background: Invasive/ intracranial EEG forms an important component of assessment for epilepsy surgery in many patients with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy (DRE). Intracranial EEG has been poorly utilized though Southeast Asia (SEA) and Oceania. This study aimed to document the development of stereo-EEG (SEEG) across the region and highlight regional barriers to utilization and access.

RESILIENCE (Retrospective Linkage Study of Autoimmune Encephalitis): protocol for an Australian retrospective cohort study of outcomes in autoimmune encephalitis using data linkage techniques.

Introduction: The autoimmune encephalitides (AE) are a heterogeneous group of neurological disorders with significant morbidity and healthcare costs. Despite advancements in understanding their pathophysiology, uncertainties persist regarding long-term prognosis and optimal management. This study aims to address these gaps, focusing on immunotherapeutic strategies, neoplastic associations and functional outcomes.

Clinical Applicability of 2-Field High-Resolution and Extended HLA-Allele Typing in Deceased Donor Kidney Allocation.

HLA-compatibility remains an important triage test for deceased donor kidney allocation. Low-intermediate resolution donor HLA-typing is typically available at allocation, but its accuracy in assigning pre-transplant donor-specific anti-HLA antibody (DSA) and HLA mismatches compared to 2-field high-resolution typing is poorly characterised. Consecutive deceased donor/recipient pairs from a single centre between 2016 and 2020 were included.

Challenges in management of abnormal thyroid function tests in unwell infants: A tertiary centre real-world experience.

Aim: Abnormal thyroid function tests (TFTs) are found in a wide range of settings in hospitalised infants. This retrospective descriptive study reviewed management decisions and outcomes of these infants, identifying factors influencing clinicians' decision to treat with thyroxine.

Methods: Data were collected for all infants referred to the on-call endocrinology service at a tertiary Australian centre for thyroid dysfunction between 1 July 2019 and 30 June 2021.

Compassionate access to virus-specific T cells for adoptive immunotherapy over 15 years.

Adoptive T-cell immunotherapy holds great promise for the treatment of viral complications in immunocompromised patients resistant to standard anti-viral strategies. We present a retrospective analysis of 78 patients from 19 hospitals across Australia and New Zealand, treated over the last 15 years with "off-the-shelf" allogeneic T cells directed to a combination of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), BK polyomavirus (BKV), John Cunningham virus (JCV) and/or adenovirus (AdV) under the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration's Special Access Scheme. Most patients had severe post-transplant viral complications, including drug-resistant end-organ CMV disease, BKV-associated haemorrhagic cystitis and EBV-driven post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder.

Implementation status of maternal death surveillance and response system in Ethiopia: Evidence from a national-level system evaluation.

Background: In Ethiopia, Maternal Death Surveillance and Response (MDSR) was integrated into the existing Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) system in 2014. Despite providing valuable evidence to inform policies and actions, system implementation has not been evaluated. Thus, a national-level evaluation was conducted to assess the level and status of system implementation.

Identifying Patient Safety Competencies for Healthcare Staff Treating Children and Young People With Intellectual Disability in Hospitals: A Delphi Study.

Background: Children and young people with intellectual disability have poor healthcare and are at risk of patient safety events due to lack of staff training and consensus on competencies for safe and quality care. For the adoption of reasonable adjustments in mainstream paediatric healthcare clinical competencies needed to be adapted to an existing patient safety education framework.

Methods: Thirteen experts in intellectual disability health and patient safety participated in an eDelphi survey aimed at reaching consensus on core competencies required of the paediatric healthcare workforce.

Inborn errors of immunity reveal molecular requirements for generation and maintenance of human CD4 IL-9-expressing cells.

Background: CD4 T cells play essential roles in adaptive immunity. Distinct CD4 T-cell subsets-T1, T2, T17, T22, T follicular helper, and regulatory T cells-have been identified, and their contributions to host defense and immune regulation are increasingly well defined. IL-9-producing T9 cells were first described in 2008 and appear to play both protective and pathogenic roles in human immunity.

Bivalent Omicron BA.1 vaccine booster increases memory B cell breadth and neutralising antibodies against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Background: Current literature informs us that bivalent vaccines will generate a broader serum neutralizing antibody response to multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, but studies on how this breadth relates to the memory B cell (MBC) and T cell responses are sparse. This study compared breadth of neutralising antibody, and memory B and T cell responses to monovalent or a bivalent ancestral/Omicron BA.1 COVID-19 booster vaccine.

Parents' experiences of early screening for cerebral palsy: A qualitative reflexive thematic analysis.

Aim: To explore parents' experiences of early screening for cerebral palsy (CP) in three Australian states.

Method: This is a qualitative description study using semi-structured interviews. Participants were parents of children who had CP (n = 5), or high risk of CP (n = 10), or no CP (n = 11) at 2 years, and had completed early screening for CP.

Serum and urine nucleic acid screening tests for BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in kidney and kidney-pancreas transplant recipients.

Background: BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) occurs when BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) affects a transplanted kidney, leading to an initial injury characterised by cytopathic damage, inflammation, and fibrosis. BKPyVAN may cause permanent loss of graft function and premature graft loss. Early detection gives clinicians an opportunity to intervene by timely reduction in immunosuppression to reduce adverse graft outcomes.

COMPARABLE OUTCOMES AFTER BUSULFAN- OR TREOSULFAN-BASED CONDITIONING FOR ALLO-HSCT IN CHILDREN WITH ALL-RESULTS OF FORUM.

The superiority of TBI-based versus chemotherapy-conditioning for allo-HSCT in children with ALL has been established in the international, prospective phase-III FORUM study (#NCT01949129), randomizing 417 patients ≤ 18 years at diagnosis (4-21 years at HSCT) in CR, transplanted from HLA-matched sibling or unrelated donors. Due to the unavailability of TBI in some regions and to accommodate individual contraindications, this study reports the pre-specified comparison of outcomes of patients receiving busulfan-based (BU) or treosulfan-based (TREO) regimens from 2013 to 2018. 180 and 128 patients (median age 9.

Infantile Sinonasal Tract Myxomas with Orbital Involvement: Presentation of Two Cases and Comprehensive Literature Review.

Our aim is to present two cases of infantile sinonasal tract myxoma with orbital involvement and conduct a comprehensive literature review of the topic. We aim to provide a summary of the presentation of infantile sinonasal tract myxomas to effectively aid clinicians in considering this rare entity as a potential diagnosis. We present a case series and a retrospective review of the published literature in the English language.

MOGAD: A comprehensive review of clinicoradiological features, therapy and outcomes in 4699 patients globally.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is one of the most common antibody-mediated CNS disorders. Optimal diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers remain unclear. Our aim was to clarify these biomarkers and therapeutic outcomes internationally.

Inhibition of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Hypoxia to Radiosensitize Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma.

Background: Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas (DIPG) and other H3K27M-mutated diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are brain tumors that primarily affect children. Radiotherapy is the standard of care but only provides temporary symptomatic relief due to radioresistance. While hypoxia is a major driver of radioresistance in other tumors, there is no definitive evidence that DIPGs are hypoxic.

Nationwide, Couple-Based Genetic Carrier Screening.

Background: Genomic sequencing technology allows for identification of reproductive couples with an increased chance, as compared with that in the general population, of having a child with an autosomal recessive or X-linked genetic condition.

Methods: We investigated the feasibility, acceptability, and outcomes of a nationwide, couple-based genetic carrier screening program in Australia as part of the Mackenzie's Mission project. Health care providers offered screening to persons before pregnancy or early in pregnancy.

A contemporary analysis of the Australian clinical and genetic landscape of spinal muscular atrophy: a registry based study.

Background: New paradigms of diagnosis and treatment have changed the neurodegenerative trajectory for individuals with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Registries are a critical tool to provide real-world data on treatment patterns, their effects and health care provision within this evolving paradigm of care. This study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic landscape, treatment patterns and health impact of SMA in Australia through the national registry.

Impact of time to antibiotics on clinical outcome in paediatric febrile neutropenia: a target trial emulation of 1685 episodes.

Background: Prompt antibiotic administration for febrile neutropenia (FN) is standard of care, and targets of time to antibiotics (TTA) <60 min are common. We sought to determine the effect of TTA ≥60 versus <60 min on adverse outcomes (intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death) in children with cancer and FN. Effect modification by a decision rule that predicts infection (AUS-rule) and bacteraemia were also investigated.