Chest Pain, Palpitations, and Syncope: Preventing Sudden Cardiac Death in Children.

Sudden cardiac death is defined as an abrupt, unexpected death of cardiovascular cause with loss of consciousness within 1 hour of onset of symptoms. In an effort to prevent these events, clinicians need to recognize symptoms to identify at risk patients. There is often an overlap in symptoms of chest pain, palpitations, and syncope.

A flexible approach to modelling stillbirths using the foetuses at risk approach.

Background: Survival analysis methods are increasingly used to model the gestational age-specific risk of perinatal phenomena such as stillbirth.

Objectives: To compare two types of survival analysis models, and highlight differences by estimating the relationships between pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational age-specific rates of stillbirth.

Methods: The study was based on singleton live births and stillbirths in the United States in 2016-2017, with data obtained from the natality and fetal death files of the National Center for Health Statistics.

The clinical performance and population health impact of birthweight-for-gestational age indices at term gestation.

Background: The assessment of birthweight for gestational age and the identification of small- and large-for-gestational age (SGA and LGA) infants remain contentious, despite the recent creation of the Intergrowth 21st Project and World Health Organisation (WHO) birthweight-for-gestational age standards.

Objective: We carried out a study to identify birthweight-for-gestational age cut-offs, and corresponding population-based, Intergrowth 21st and WHO centiles associated with higher risks of adverse neonatal outcomes, and to evaluate their ability to predict serious neonatal morbidity and neonatal mortality (SNMM) at term gestation.

Methods: The study population was based on non-anomalous, singleton live births between 37 and 41 weeks' gestation in the United States from 2003 to 2017.

Optimizing the hospital discharge process to facilitate family-centered care for well newborns.

Background: The perceptions of discharge readiness differ among caregivers and providers. An efficient planning process ensures timely attainment of discharge readiness. Our aim was to increase the percentage of discharge orders placed by 10 a.

Pregnancy, Delivery, and Neonatal Outcomes Associated With Maternal Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Two Cohort Studies in Sweden and British Columbia, Canada.

Importance: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with adverse health-related outcomes. However, pregnancy and neonatal outcomes among women with OCD have been sparsely studied.

Objective: To evaluate associations of maternal OCD with pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes.

Risk of recurrent severe maternal morbidity: a population-based study.

Background: Severe maternal morbidity is a composite indicator of maternal health and obstetrical care. Little is known about the risk of recurrent severe maternal morbidity in a subsequent delivery.

Objective: This study aimed to estimate the risk of recurrent severe maternal morbidity in the next delivery after a complicated first delivery.

Pre-pregnancy body mass index and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in twins: A population retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To examine the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and severe maternal morbidity (SMM), perinatal death and severe neonatal morbidity in twin pregnancies.

Methods: All twin births at ≥ 20 weeks gestation in British Columbia, Canada, from 2000 to 2017 were included. We estimated rates of SMM, a perinatal composite of death and severe morbidity, and its components per 10,000 pregnancies.

The Effect of Oral Iron Supplementation on Gut Microbial Composition: a Secondary Analysis of a Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial among Cambodian Women of Reproductive Age.

The World Health Organization recommends untargeted iron supplementation for women of reproductive age (WRA) in countries where anemia prevalence is greater than 40%, such as Cambodia. Iron supplements, however, often have poor bioavailability, so the majority remains unabsorbed in the colon. The gut houses many iron-dependent bacterial enteropathogens; thus, providing iron to individuals may be more harmful than helpful.

Air pollution exposure and social responsiveness in childhood: The cincinnati combined childhood cohorts.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects about 1 in 44 children and environmental exposures may contribute to disease onset. Air pollution has been associated with adverse neurobehavioral outcomes, yet little research has examined its association with autistic-like behaviors. Therefore, our objective was to examine the association between exposure to air pollution, including NO and PM, during pregnancy and the first year of life to ASD-like behaviors during childhood.

Pregnancy-Specific Anxiety Tool (PSAT): Instrument Development and Psychometric Evaluation.

Pregnancy-specific anxiety (PSA) is a distinct construct from general anxiety and depression. The purpose of this study was to develop, evaluate, and validate the Pregnancy-Specific Anxiety Tool (PSAT), to measure PSA and its severity. The study was carried out in 2 stages.

Risk Factors for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Case-control Investigation.

Background: In a 2020 pilot case-control study using medical records, we reported that non-Hispanic Black children were more likely to develop multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) after adjustment for sociodemographic factors and underlying medical conditions. Using structured interviews, we investigated patient, household, and community factors underlying MIS-C likelihood.

Methods: MIS-C case patients hospitalized in 2021 across 14 US pediatric hospitals were matched by age and site to outpatient controls testing positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within 3 months of the admission date.

Prepregnancy body mass index and adverse perinatal outcomes in the presence of other maternal risk factors.

Background: High prepregnancy body mass index is one of the most common risk factors for adverse perinatal events.

Objective: This study aimed to assess whether the association between maternal body mass index and adverse perinatal outcome is modified by other concomitant maternal risk factors.

Study Design: This was a retrospective cohort study of all singleton live births and stillbirths in the United States from 2016 to 2017, using data from the National Center for Health Statistics.

Beyond early initiation: A qualitative study on the challenges of hospital-based postpartum breastfeeding support.

Improving breastfeeding practices is key to reducing child mortality globally. Sub-optimal exclusive breastfeeding rates may be associated with inadequate hospital-based postpartum breastfeeding support, particularly in resource-limited health settings such as Malawi. While almost all children in Malawi are breastfed, it is a concern that exclusive breastfeeding rates in Malawi are declining.

The association between maternal stature and adverse birth outcomes and the modifying effect of race and ethnicity: a population-based retrospective cohort study.

Background: There are known differences in the risk of perinatal and maternal birth outcomes because of maternal factors, such as body mass index and maternal race. However, the association of maternal height with adverse birth outcomes and the potential differences in this relationship by race and ethnicity have been understudied.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between maternal stature and adverse perinatal outcomes and the potential modification of the association by race and ethnicity.

Antenatal Corticosteroid Prophylaxis at Late Preterm Gestation: Clinical Guidelines Versus Clinical Practice.

Objective: We investigated how the Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids (ALPS) trial findings have been translated into clinical practice in Canada and the United States (U.S.).

Extraction-free clinical detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus from saline gargle samples using Hamilton STARlet liquid handler.

As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical laboratories have been faced with massive increases in testing, resulting in sample collection systems, reagent, and staff shortages. We utilized self-collected saline gargle samples to optimize high throughput SARS-CoV-2 multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing in order to minimize cost and technologist time. This was achieved through elimination of nucleic acid extraction and automation of sample handling on a widely available robotic liquid handler, Hamilton STARlet.

Isolated abnormal FEF75% detects unsuspected bronchiolar obstruction in CF children.

Background: Physiologic detection of bronchiolar obstruction in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) may be clinically unsuspected because of normal routine spirometry despite bronchiectasis on lung CT.

Methods: Children from two accredited CF facilities had spirometry obtained every 3 months when clinically stable. Pre-bronchodilator maximum expiratory flow volume curves were retrospectively analyzed over 16 years to detect an isolated abnormal FEF75%, despite normal routine spirometry.

Efficacy of Postpartum Pharmacologic Thromboprophylaxis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacologic venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in postpartum patients.

Data Sources: On February 21, 2022, a literature search was conducted on Embase.com , Ovid-Medline All, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.

Spontaneous skull base cerebrospinal fluid leak during pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension can lead to dural defects and spontaneous leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the skull base. Skull base CSF leaks are rarely reported in pregnancy but pose unique challenges for obstetricians and anesthesiologists.

Case Presentation: A 31-year-old G4P1021 at 14 weeks developed debilitating headaches and CSF rhinorrhea.