Hyperoxia-Induced miR-195 Causes Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Neonatal Mice.

Exposure to hyperoxia is an important factor in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm newborns. MicroRNAs (miRs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of BPD and provide a potential therapeutic target. This study was conducted utilizing a postnatal animal model of experimental hyperoxia-induced murine BPD to investigate the expression and function of miR-195 as well as its molecular signaling targets within developing mouse lung tissue.

Impact of severity and age with variable definitions of bronchopulmonary dysplasia on neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is associated with neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI).

Methods: To compare the ability of NICHD 2001 and Jensen 2019 definitions of BPD and respiratory support at 40 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) to predict NDI, a retrospective study (1/2010-12/2020) was conducted in infants with gestational age <32 weeks and birth weight <1500 g. The primary outcome measure was NDI at 18-24 months corrected age.

Timing and risk factors associated with acute kidney injury in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, onset, risk factors, and mortality associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Design/methods: Retrospective study at 2 centers in infants with NEC, with/without AKI. AKI assessed by serum creatinine and urine output.

Intravenous iron infusions in pediatric patients: A retrospective review of efficacy and safety.

Pediatric iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is often treated with oral iron supplementation as the first-line therapy despite poor adherence. This single-institution retrospective chart review of pediatric patients was conducted to assess the safety, efficacy, and adherence of intravenous (IV) iron infusions compared to oral iron therapy in patients who had failed a trial of oral iron supplementation. We reviewed medical records of patients aged 1-21 with IDA who received at least one IV iron infusion at Cooper University Hospital between 2016 and 2021.

Safety of bubble nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus bubble nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in preterm infants with respiratory distress.

Objective: Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV) is an effective therapy for infants in respiratory distress. We here report the safety of a novel, low-cost, non-electric bubble NIPPV device in comparison with bubble NCPAP.

Study Design: At Paramitha Children's Hospital (Hyderabad, India), preterm (n = 60) neonates with moderate respiratory distress were pragmatically allocated to bubble NCPAP (5-8 cm HO) or bubble NIPPV (P 8-12 cm HO/P 5-8 cm HO) based on staff and equipment availability.

Invasive and non-invasive ventilatory strategies for early and evolving bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

In the age of surfactant and antenatal steroids, neonatal care has improved outcomes of preterm infants dramatically. Since the early 2000's neonatologists have strived to decrease bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) by decreasing ventilator-associated lung injury and utilizing many novel modes of non-invasive respiratory support. After the initial success with nasal continuous positive airway pressure, it was established that discontinuing invasive ventilation early in favor of non-invasive respiratory support is the most effective way to reduce the incidence of BPD.

Pulmonary phenotypes of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the preterm infant.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains the most common complication of premature birth, imposing a significant and potentially life-long burden on patients and their families. Despite advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to patterns of lung injury and dysfunctional repair, current therapeutic strategies remain non-specific with limited success. Contemporary definitions of BPD continue to rely on clinician prescribed respiratory support requirements at specific time points.

Promotion, Protection, and Support of Breastfeeding as a Human Right: A Narrative Review.

Despite the benefits of breastfeeding, there are significant disparities in rates among various racial, social, and economic groups. Society poses various barriers to breastfeeding, threatening the child's access to a basic human right. Exploring and understanding these issues can ensure that effective interventions are implemented.

A Narrative Review of the Rationale for Conducting Neonatal Emergency Studies with a Waived or Deferred Consent Approach.

Emergency research studies are high-stakes studies that are usually performed on the sickest patients, where many patients or guardians have no opportunity to provide full informed consent prior to participation. Many emergency studies self-select healthier patients who can be informed ahead of time about the study process. Unfortunately, results from such participants may not be informative for the future care of sicker patients.

2,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid is a bioactive and highly selective inhibitor of D-dopachrome tautomerase.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT) are two pleotropic cytokines, which are coexpressed in various cell types to activate the cell surface receptor CD74. Via the MIF/CD74 and D-DT/CD74 axes, the two proteins exhibit either beneficial or deleterious effect on human diseases. In this study, we report the identification of 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (a.

Respiratory management in the premature neonate.

Introduction: Advances in neonatal care have made possible the increased survival of extremely preterm infants. Even though there is widespread recognition of the harmful effects of mechanical ventilation on the developing lung, its use has become imperative in the management of micro-/nano-preemies. There is an increased emphasis on the use of less-invasive approaches such as minimally invasive surfactant therapy and non-invasive ventilation that have been proven to result in improved outcomes.

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation as a rescue therapy after nasal continuous positive airway pressure failure in infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

Objective: Evaluate whether nasal intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV) as rescue therapy after initial nasal continuous positive airway (NCPAP) failure reduces need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).

Design: Retrospective cohort involving 156 preterm infants who failed initial NCPAP and were then submitted to NIPPV rescue therapy and classified into NIPPV success or failure, according to need for IMV.

Result: Of all infants included, 85 (54.

Challenges and Opportunities of Using a National Database to Evaluate Racial/Ethnic Disparities and Breastfeeding Effects on Sudden Unexpected Infant Death.

Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) rates remain higher in American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) and non-Hispanic Black (NHB) infants than other demographic groups. Racial disparities are also evident in breastfeeding, which is associated with reduced risk of SUID. To assess the relationship between racial/ethnic disparities in SUID and breastfeeding beyond the newborn period using U.

Standardized neonatal continuous infusion concentrations: A quality improvement initiative.

Purpose: Medication errors are a significant and preventable source of patient harm, especially in the neonatal population. Standardized infusion concentrations increase patient safety and streamline the workflow for pharmacists, nurses, and physicians.

Methods: Neonatal continuous infusion concentrations were standardized and implemented into the electronic health record using an automated order panel.

Human Milk Sharing in the United States: A Scoping Review.

Human milk is the optimal form of infant nutrition. If mother's own milk is unavailable, families may seek alternative sources of human milk through milk sharing, despite potential health and safety risks with this practice. The purpose of this scoping review was to synthesize the current literature on human milk sharing in the United States to help health care professionals better understand how families may use this practice for infant nutrition.

Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Position Statement: Breastfeeding As a Basic Human Right.

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Delayed Cord Clamping for 45 Seconds in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: Impact on Hemoglobin at Birth and Close to Discharge.

Objectives: To assess the impact of delayed cord clamping (DCC) for 45 seconds on hemoglobin at birth and close to discharge in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and to compare modes of delivery in infants who received DCC.

Study Design: In a retrospective study, 888 VLBW infants (≤1,500 g) who survived to discharge and received immediate cord clamping (ICC) were compared with infants who received DCC. Infants who received DCC and born via Cesarean section (C-section) were compared with those born via vaginal birth.

Does Neonatal Sepsis Independently Increase Neurodevelopmental Impairment?

: Short- and long- term neurodevelopmental outcomes of very preterm infants with neonatal sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis [...