Validity and Reliability of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia for Adolescents with Heart Disease.

Kinesiophobia (KP) is the fear of movement or physical activity (PA) that is related to a medical condition. In adolescents, KP is associated with depression, anxiety, and impaired quality of life (QoL). Adolescents with heart disease (HD) often avoid PA.

Daily glucose variability is associated with intrahepatic fat content, β cell sensitivity, and biomarkers of glycolysis in youth with obesity.

Objective: Pediatric obesity is associated with insulin resistance, which, in turn, impacts glucose and lipid metabolism. This study sought to assess how glucose variability relates to intrahepatic fat content, β cell insulin sensitivity, and glycolysis in youth with obesity.

Methods: A total of 27 youth with obesity (11 girls, BMI percentile, median [25th-75th percentiles]: 99.

Pediatric Obesity Treatment: Considerations for Diabetes Educators and Clinicians.

Prevalence rates of pediatric obesity and diabetes are rising, and pediatric health care professionals are ideally situated to address these chronic diseases using a patient- and family-centered approach. This article reviews key elements of evaluation that can inform treatment and emphasizes a comprehensive, team-based strategy. Treatment begins with motivational interviewing and building a foundation of intensive health behavior and lifestyle treatment, followed by pharmacotherapy and metabolic and bariatric surgery, when indicated.

Pediatric Neural Changes to Physical and Emotional Pain After Intensive Interdisciplinary Pain Treatment: A Pilot Study.

Objective: Brain areas activated during pain can contribute to enhancing or reducing the pain experience, showing a potential connection between chronic pain and the neural response to pain in adolescents and youth.

Methods: This study examined changes in brain activation associated with experiencing physical pain and observing physical and emotional pain in others by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before and after intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment (IIPT). Eighteen youths (age 14 to 18) with widespread chronic pain completed fMRI testing before and after IIPT to assess changes in brain activation in response to physical and emotional pain.

Impacts of zero-fare transit policy on health and social determinants: protocol for a natural experiment study.

Population-level efforts are needed to increase levels of physical activity and healthy eating to reduce and manage chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Interventions to increase public transit use may be one promising strategy, particularly for low-income communities or populations of color who are disproportionately burdened by health disparities and transportation barriers. This study employs a natural experiment design to evaluate the impacts of a citywide zero-fare transit policy in Kansas City, Missouri, on ridership and health indicators.

Addressing weight bias among pediatric healthcare clinical staff.

Background: Children with obesity may experience weight-based discrimination as a result of weight bias and stigma, which can have deleterious effects on their health and wellbeing, including increased risk of dysregulated, maladaptive, and disordered eating such as restriction, purging, and binging. Prior work has shown that weight bias occurs from healthcare workers caring for adults, but less is known about the prevalence of weight bias in the pediatric healthcare setting.

Methods: We aimed to determine what proportion of pediatric healthcare professionals had attitudes of weight bias at our own institution by constructing a survey with questions from validated weight bias survey tools.

A Feasibility Study of a Music Enrichment Program on Relative Reinforcing Value of Food and Home Environmental Enrichment among Families of Low Socioeconomic Status.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that low socioeconomic status (SES) home environments may play a role by promoting excess energy intake through a lack of access to non-food reinforcers. Because of the deleterious effects of SES-related disparities on child health and development, feasible and culturally acceptable interventions are urgently needed. Community-based music enrichment programs may be an ideal intervention strategy.

Associations of Neighborhood Food Retail Environments with Weight Status in a Regional Pediatric Health System.

There have been mixed findings on the relationships between childhood obesity and macroscale retail food environments. The current study investigates associations of the neighborhood retail food environment with changes in children's weight status over 6 years in the Kansas City Metropolitan area. Anthropometrics and home addresses were collected during routine well-child visits in a large pediatric hospital ( = 4493; >75% were Black or Latinx children).

Clinician's Guide for Pediatric Anti-obesity Medications.

The recent advent of highly effective anti-obesity medications (AOM) provides pediatric clinicians a powerful tool to augment the treatment of obesity and improve outcomes. The 2023 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines state clinicians "should offer adolescents 12 years and older with obesity weight loss pharmacotherapy, according to medication indications, risks, and benefits, as an adjunct to health behavior and lifestyle treatment". This article will provide an update on the integration of AOM into practice, emphasizing clinical pearls and practical tips.

Physical Examination and Evaluation for Comorbidities in Youth with Obesity.

Obesity is a complex and chronic disease that can affect the entire body. The review of systems and physical examination are important components of the evaluation. Laboratory assessment is directed toward known cardiometabolic comorbidities.

Learning & motivational talk in smoking cessation interventions: An examination of session language in two randomized trials.

Objectives: Motivational Interviewing (MI), a client-centered approach that seeks to evoke and resolve ambivalence, and health education (HE), which provides health information and advice, may both provide some benefit to unmotivated smokers. In HE, it is possible that client language reflective of new learning, or "learning talk" (LT), and rejection of health advice, or "rejection talk," (RT), may uniquely reflect intent of subsequent behavior change.

Methods: This project utilized MI and HE sessions from two randomized clinical trials (RCTs), one in a low-income, diverse community civilian sample of 255 unmotivated smokers, and the other in a sample of Veterans with mental illness who were unmotivated smokers (n = 55).

Evaluation of the Garmin Vivofit 4 for assessing sleep in youth experiencing sleep disturbances.

Objective: Wearable monitors are increasingly used to assess sleep. However, validity is unknown for certain monitors and populations. We tested the Garmin Vivofit 4 in a pediatric clinical sample.

The critical need for expert oversight of ChatGPT: Prompt engineering for safeguarding child healthcare information.

Objective: ChatGPT and other large language models have the potential to transform the health information landscape online. However, lack of domain-specific expertise and known errors in large language models raise concerns about the widespread adoption of content generated by these tools for parents making healthcare decisions for their children. The aim of this study is to determine if health-related text generated by ChatGPT under the supervision of an expert is comparable to that generated by an expert regarding persuasiveness and credibility from the perspective of a parent.

Percent Body Fat and Weight Status of Youth Participating in Pediatric Weight Management Programs in the Pediatric Obesity Weight Evaluation Registry.

Factors associated with change in percent body fat (%BF) of children in pediatric weight management (PWM) care may differ from those associated with change in weight status. To describe %BF and weight status at initial visits to 14 PWM sites, identify differences by sex, and evaluate factors associated with change over 6 months. Initial visits of 2496 males and 2821 females aged 5-18 years were evaluated.

Exploring the role of pain on physical activity among youth with acute lymphoblastic leukemia using the biopsychosocial model.

Background: Engaging in physical activity (PA) throughout cancer treatment offers many benefits, but may be challenging due to cancer-related pain. Pain research in pediatric cancer has primarily focused on procedural pain, with fewer studies exploring how pain affects PA. The current study qualitatively investigated the impact of pain on PA in youth with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) using a biopsychosocial framework.

Movement- and Posture-based Measures of Sedentary Patterns and Associations with Metabolic Syndrome in Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic Adults.

Background: Sedentary behavior has been identified as a significant risk factor for Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). However, it is unclear if the sedentary pattern measurement approach (posture vs. movement) impacts observed associations or if associations differ for Hispanic/Latino communities, who have higher risk of MetS.

Decídetexto: Mobile Cessation Support for Latino Adults Who Smoke: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Latino adults experience multiple barriers to health care access and treatment that result in tobacco-related disparities. Mobile interventions have the potential to deliver smoking cessation treatment among Latino adults, who show the highest use rates of mobile technologies.

Research Question: Is Decídetexto, a culturally accommodated mobile health intervention, more effective for smoking cessation compared with standard care among Latinx adults who smoke?

Study Design And Methods: A two-arm parallel group randomized clinical trial was conducted in Kansas, New Jersey, and New York between October 2018 and September 2021.

Resting Energy Expenditure Equations Have Lower Accuracy for Adolescents with Overweight/Obesity Versus Healthy-Weight Adolescents.

The objectives of the study were (1) to assess whether resting energy expenditure (REE) equations have comparable validity for adolescents with overweight/obesity vs. adolescents with healthy weight and (2) to examine determinants of measured REE in adolescents with overweight/obesity vs. adolescents with healthy weight.

Convergent validity of time in bed estimates from activPAL and Actiwatch in free-living youth and adults.

Actiwatch devices are often used to estimate time in bed (TIB), but recently became commercially unavailable. Thigh-worn activPAL devices could be a viable alternative. We tested convergent validity between activPAL (CREA algorithm) and Actiwatch devices.

Systematic review and meta analysis of psychological interventions to prevent or treat pediatric chronic disease in rural communities.

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effectiveness of psychological interventions at improving physical or mental health outcomes for youth living in rural communities who have, or are at-risk for, any chronic medical condition in comparison to control interventions conducted in rural communities.

Methods: Following prospective registration (OSF.IO/7TDQJ), 7 databases were searched through July 1, 2023.

Prenatal tobacco and tobacco-cannabis co-exposure: Relationship with attention and memory in middle childhood.

We examined associations between prenatal tobacco exposure (with and without cannabis exposure) and children's performance on laboratory measures of sustained attention, attentional set shifting, and working memory in middle childhood (9-12 years of child age). Participants were recruited in the first trimester of pregnancy and oversampled for prenatal tobacco exposure; with a smaller sample (n = 133; n = 34 non-substance exposed, n = 37 exposed to tobacco only, n = 62 co-exposed) invited (oversampled for co-exposure) to participate in the middle-childhood assessment (M age = 10.6, SD = 0.

Special considerations for the child with obesity: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) clinical practice statement (CPS) 2024.

Background: This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) details assessment and management of the child with overweight or obesity. The term "child" is defined as the child between 2 and 12 years of age. Because children are in a continual state of development during this age range, we will specify when our discussion applies to subsets within this age range.