Variation in prophylactic antibiotic use for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: need for better stewardship in pediatric surgery.

Purpose: The role of prophylactic antibiotics for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been questioned over the last decade. Although gradually being discontinued in the adult population, the practice among pediatric surgeons remains unknown. Our aim was to investigate the use of perioperative antibiotics in children undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for symptomatic cholelithiasis and biliary dyskinesia.

Accuracy of Administrative Data for Antimicrobial Administration in Hospitalized Children.

Administrative data are often used as a proxy for medication-administration record (MAR) data. Multicenter MAR data were compared retrospectively with administrative data from January 2010 through June 2013 from the Pediatric Health Information Systems database. We found that administrative data were more concordant with bill-upon-administration than bill-upon-dispense data.

Parent and Child Report of Pain and Fatigue in JIA: Does Disagreement between Parent and Child Predict Functional Outcomes?

While previous research in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has identified discrepancy between parent and child perception of disease-related symptoms such as pain, the significance and impact of this disagreement has not been characterized. We examined the extent to which parent-child discordance in JIA symptom ratings are associated with child functional outcomes. Linear regression and mixed effects models were used to test the effects of discrepancy in pain and fatigue ratings on functional outcomes in 65 dyads, consisting of youth with JIA and one parent.

Reexamining the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey for Parents of Young Children in a Sample of Children Using Insulin Pumps.

Background: We update the psychometric properties of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-Parents of Young Children (HFS-PYC), a 26-item measure of parents' hypoglycemia fear for young children using an insulin pump.

Methods: We combined three similar datasets for the analyses. The data analyzed included parents' responses to the HFS-PYC and a demographic form.

Components of Effective Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Pediatric Headache: A Mixed Methods Approach.

Internet-delivered treatment has the potential to expand access to evidence-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for pediatric headache, and has demonstrated efficacy in small trials for some youth with headache. We used a mixed methods approach to identify effective components of CBT for this population. In Study 1, component profile analysis identified common interventions delivered in published RCTs of effective CBT protocols for pediatric headache delivered face-to-face or via the Internet.

Improved outcomes for inborn babies with uncomplicated gastroschisis.

Introduction: Gastroschisis (GS) is a common abdominal wall defect necessitating neonatal surgery and intensive care. We hypothesized that inborn patients had improved outcomes compared to patients born at an outside hospital (outborn) and transferred for definitive treatment.

Methods: A single center, retrospective chart review at a pediatric tertiary care center was performed from 2010 to 2015.

Physical activity, eating traits and weight in young adulthood: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.

Objective: To investigate the association between eating traits (e.g. dietary restraint or opportunistic eating) and weight - both cross-sectionally and longitudinally - and whether physical activity (PA) moderates these associations.

Influenza-Like Illness Diagnosis and Management in the Acute Care Setting.

During influenza season, acute respiratory illness due to influenza is difficult to distinguish from other influenza-like illnesses, but testing should be reserved for situations when timely results will influence management or infection control measures. Immunization status and timing of disease onset notwithstanding, a neuraminidase inhibitor should be offered immediately for certain high-risk children; neuraminidase inhibitor treatment should be considered if shorter illness is warranted or an at-risk sibling may be protected. Antipyretics and cough control may be useful.

Defining the Differences in Transverse Plane Trajectories for Thoracic Pedicle Screw Insertion: Anatomic Versus Medial.

Study Design: Comparing thoracic pedicle screw trajectories, screw lengths, and starting points by examining osteologic specimens.

Objective: Describe a medial screw trajectory (MST) compared to a screw trajectory along the anatomic pedicle angle (APA) in terms of trajectory, screw length, and starting point.

Summary Of Background Data: Although thoracic pedicle screw insertion is commonly used for posterior fusion and instrumentation, there is little data to quantify an MST that avoids the great vessels and allows for greater screw purchase.

Dinutuximab: A Novel Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Pediatric Patients With High-Risk Neuroblastoma [Formula: see text].

Therapy combining dinutuximab with granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, interleukin 2, and isotretinoin has significant side effects; however, these complications are generally predictable and can be managed proactively.

Design and Testing of an EHR-Integrated, Busulfan Pharmacokinetic Decision Support Tool for the Point-of-Care Clinician.

Background: Busulfan demonstrates a narrow therapeutic index for which clinicians routinely employ therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). However, operationalizing TDM can be fraught with inefficiency. We developed and tested software encoding a clinical decision support tool (DST) that is embedded into our electronic health record (EHR) and designed to streamline the TDM process for our oncology partners.

The In-Session and Long-Term Role of a Significant Other in Motivational Enhancement Therapy for Alcohol Use Disorders.

Objective: To examine how significant other (SO) language in support of or against client abstinence from alcohol influences clients' in-session speech and drinking behavior over the 9 months post-Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET).

Method: Sequential analyses were used to examine the language of Project MATCH clients who invited an SO to participate in an MET session. Hierarchical regressions investigated the predictive relationship between SO language and clients' post-treatment drinking behavior.

Medical Therapy for Inappropriate Sexual Behaviors in a Teen With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Teens with autism spectrum disorder often exhibit sexual behaviors in public that are disturbing to parents, teachers, and peers. Some have proposed that such behaviors can be curtailed with hormonal suppression. There is information on the Internet suggesting that such medications work, and some reports in the peer-reviewed medical literature support these claims.

Rapid whole genome sequencing and precision neonatology.

Traditionally, genetic testing has been too slow or perceived to be impractical to initial management of the critically ill neonate. Technological advances have led to the ability to sequence and interpret the entire genome of a neonate in as little as 26 h. As the cost and speed of testing decreases, the utility of whole genome sequencing (WGS) of neonates for acute and latent genetic illness increases.

Prospect theory and body mass: characterizing psychological parameters for weight-related risk attitudes and weight-gain aversion.

We developed a novel decision-making paradigm that allows us to apply prospect theory in behavioral economics to body mass. 67 healthy young adults completed self-report measures and two decision-making tasks for weight-loss, as well as for monetary rewards. We estimated risk-related preference and loss aversion parameters for each individual, separately for weight-loss and monetary rewards choice data.

Review of Twitter for infectious diseases clinicians: useful or a waste of time?

Twitter is a social networking service that has emerged as a valuable tool for healthcare professionals (HCPs). It is the only platform that allows one to connect, engage, learn, and educate oneself and others in real time on a global scale. HCPs are using social media tools to communicate, educate, and engage with their peers worldwide.

Prioritizing a research agenda: a Delphi study of the better outcomes through research for newborns (BORN) network.

Background: There is a paucity of evidence to guide clinical management for term and late preterm newborns. The Better Outcomes through Research for Newborns (BORN) network is a national collaborative of clinicians formed to increase the evidence-base for well newborn care.

Objective: To develop a consensus-based, prioritized research agenda for well newborn care.

A modified generalized Fisher method for combining probabilities from dependent tests.

Rapid developments in molecular technology have yielded a large amount of high throughput genetic data to understand the mechanism for complex traits. The increase of genetic variants requires hundreds and thousands of statistical tests to be performed simultaneously in analysis, which poses a challenge to control the overall Type I error rate. Combining p-values from multiple hypothesis testing has shown promise for aggregating effects in high-dimensional genetic data analysis.

Protocol versus ad libitum feeds after laparoscopic pyloromyotomy: a prospective randomized trial.

Background: We conducted a prospective, randomized trial comparing protocol to ad libitum (ad lib) feeding after laparoscopic pyloromyotomy.

Methods: Infants undergoing laparoscopic pyloromyotomy were randomized to protocol versus ad lib feeding strategies. The protocol started with Pedialyte® two hours post-operative.

Follow up of prospective validation of an abbreviated bedrest protocol in the management of blunt spleen and liver injury in children.

Objective: Current APSA recommendations for blunt spleen/liver injury (BSLI) entail bedrest equal to grade of injury plus one. We reported our experience 3 years ago with a prospectively implemented abbreviated protocol, one concern of which was that more numbers would be needed to support the safety of such a protocol. We are now reporting the final experience with this protocol as we move forward with further investigation.