Severe Respiratory Disease Among Children With and Without Medical Complexity During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Importance: Severe respiratory disease declined during the COVID-19 pandemic, partially due to decreased circulation of respiratory pathogens. However, the outcomes of children with higher risk have not been described using population-based data.

Objective: To compare respiratory-related hospitalizations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and mortality during the pandemic vs prepandemic, among children with medical complexity (CMC) and without medical complexity (non-CMC).

Early Introduction of Novel and Less-Studied Food Allergens in the Plant-Based Era: Considerations for US and EU Infant Formula Regulations.

Early life feeding practices may affect the long-term health of individuals, particularly in terms of the development of non-communicable diseases, such as metabolic and allergic diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that the interplay of breastfeeding and/or formula feeding followed by the introduction of solids plays a role in the occurrence of non-communicable diseases both in the short and long term. International food allergy guidelines recommend that breastfeeding women do not need to avoid food allergens and do not recommend any infant formula for allergy prevention.

Pulmonary Evaluation in Children with Post-COVID-19 Condition Respiratory Symptoms: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Studies on post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) in adults have shown deterioration in pulmonary function tests (PFTs), mainly a diffusion limitation. Among the pediatric population, data are scarce. To characterize PFTs in children with PCC, including changes over time.

Extensive Hydrocelectomy Using the Harmonic Scalpel Supersedes Classic Techniques.

Objective: To present our technique using the harmonic scalpel for scrotal, extensive hydrocelectomy in adolescents and its advantages, compared with the historical techniques. Scrotal hydrocelectomy is an old-timer procedure in-which the Lord plication, the Jaboulay and the bottleneck techniques are the standard of care, up to date. A cumbersome, unpleasant scrotal dressing is commonly used to try to mitigate postoperative edema and hematoma.

Impact of movie and video game elements on tic manifestation in children.

Background And Purpose: Children in developed countries spend a significant portion of their waking hours engaging with audiovisual content and video games. The impact of media consumption on children's health and well-being has been widely studied, including its effects on tic disorders. Previous studies have shown that tic frequency can both increase and decrease during activities like gaming and television watching, resulting in mixed findings.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs treatment in girls with central precocious puberty and early fast puberty.

Background: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) is the standard treatment for children with central precocious puberty (CPP). We assessed efficacy and safety of GnRHa treatment in girls with CPP and early fast puberty (EFP).

Methods: This retrospective observational study included anthropometric, clinical and laboratory data retrieved from medical files of girls with CPP or EFP, treated with GnRHa and followed at a tertiary endocrine clinic during 2007-2021.

Cardiac involvement and its clinical significance in patients with anorexia nervosa.

Unlabelled: Cardiac complications are a major concern in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) which contribute to morbidity and mortality. However, limited information exists regarding risk factors for the development of these complications. Our objective was to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of cardiac involvement among children and adolescents with AN admitted to a tertiary pediatric hospital.

Executive functions abilities in preschool-age children are negatively related to parental EF, screen-time and positively related to home literacy environment: an EEG study.

Environmental factors such as Home Literacy Environment (HLE), screen time, and parental executive functions (EF) may influence the development of the child's EF. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of these factors on behavioral and neurobiological measures of EF in 4-year-old children. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected while children performed the Attention Network Task (ANT), showing a smaller difference between incongruent and congruent conditions is related to better EF abilities.

Early response markers predict survival after etoposide-based therapy of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome that is most commonly treated with etoposide and dexamethasone. This standard of care therapy has improved survival, but ∼15% of patients still die in the first months after diagnosis, and poor responses prompting salvage therapy are frequent. Thus, identifying patients at risk promptly is likely to improve outcomes.

Intracavernosal pressure of the erect penis in children with hypospadias.

This study objective is to examine the intracavernosal pressure (ICP) in hypospadias boys with and without previous corporotomies. Retrospectively, the ICPs that were measured routinely as part of the artificial erection test in boys who underwent hypospadias repair were collected. The measurement (mmHg) included a slow manual saline instillation and a 21-gauge needle in the corpora cavernosa, which was connected to a pressure monitor.

Clinical and immunological characteristics of children diagnosed with-Type 1 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aims: To find clinical and immunological signatures of the SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 pandemic on children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: A single-centre, retrospective, observational study comparing the clinical and immunological characteristics of children diagnosed with T1D the year before and during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data extracted from the medical records included clinical and demographic parameters, COVID-19 PCR results and the presence of anti-islet, thyroid and celiac-related antibodies.

Body mass index and migraine in adolescence: A nationwide study.

Background: The association between body mass index (BMI) and migraine in adults has been well established. However, studies in children and adolescents are inconclusive. We aimed to study the association between BMI and migraine using a national dataset that comprises the electronic medical records of more than two million adolescents.

Prevalence of high-penetrant copy number variants in 7734 low-risk pregnancies.

Background: The rate of clinically significant copy number variants in chromosomal microarray analysis in low-risk pregnancies is approximately 1%. However, these results include copy number variants with low and variable penetrance, although some patients might be interested only in the detection of high-penetrant variants.

Objective: This study aimed to calculate the prevalence of high-penetrant copy number variants in a large cohort of low-risk pregnancies.

Three-Patch Reconstruction of Hourglass Supravalvar Pulmonary Artery Stenosis Mid-Term Results.

Background: Some patients with pulmonary stenosis present with a complex multilevel disease that involves the valve, the leaflets, and the sinotubular junction (STJ) forming an hourglass appearance. We herein report the mid-term results of our experience with the reconstruction of the supravalvar narrowing using three pericardial patches.

Material And Methods: Retrospective analysis of patient charts and echocardiography studies of patients who underwent three-patch reconstruction of the pulmonary valve (PV) from 2013 to 2022.

Hormonal control during infancy and testicular adrenal rest tumor development in males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a retrospective multicenter cohort study.

Importance: Testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs), often found in male patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), are benign lesions causing testicular damage and infertility. We hypothesize that chronically elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone exposure during early life may promote TART development.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between commencing adequate glucocorticoid treatment early after birth and TART development.

De Novo Crohn's Disease in Children With Ulcerative Colitis Undergoing Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study From the Pediatric IBD Porto Group of the ESPGHAN.

Background And Aims: We sought to define the prevalence and to characterize possible predictive factors of Crohn's disease (CD) occurring in children with ulcerative colitis (UC) after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA).

Methods: This was a multicenter, retrospective study including 15 centers of the Porto IBD group of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. Children with a confirmed diagnosis of UC undergoing colectomy with IPAA and a minimal follow up of 6 months were identified.

Selective mutism in immigrant families: An ecocultural perspective.

Although the diagnosis of selective mutism (SM) is more prevalent among immigrant children, the link between the disorder and an immigration background has been elusive. Guided by ecocultural models of development, the current study aimed to construct a theory-based description of SM while considering individual, family, and contextual risk factors. Participants were 78 children with SM (38.

Umbilical Incarcerated Hernia With Omental Eventration Caused by a Leech Bite in a Pediatric Patient.

Medicinal leech therapy (MLT) is used in various medical disciplines, among which are reconstructive surgery and microsurgery. Medicinal leech therapy is also often adopted by alternative and traditional medicine, aiming to treat various common medical symptoms, such as fever and arthritis. Congenital umbilical hernia is a rather common physical finding in the pediatric population, where every third Caucasian newborn, roughly, is being diagnosed with the condition, and even more so among the African population.

Dual positivity for anti-MOG and oligoclonal bands: Unveiling unique clinical profiles and implications.

Background: Distinguishing between MOG-associated disease (MOGAD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) presents a considerable challenge, as there are instances of overlapping clinical presentations. This complexity is further magnified in cases where patients concurrently exhibit both anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (anti-MOG) positivity and detectable oligoclonal bands (OCBs) This retrospective study investigates the clinical and imaging attributes of dual-positive patients, those with both anti-MOG positivity and OCBs, The study aims to show potential areas of overlap between multiple sclerosis (MS) and MOGAD.

Methods: Utilizing data gathered from three medical centers, we evaluated a cohort of 45 patients, stratifying them into two groups: those exclusively positive for anti-MOG antibodies and those displaying dual positivity.

Fetal surgery using fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion for severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a single-center experience.

Purpose: To provide a comprehensive report of the experience gained in the prenatal treatment of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) using fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO) following its implementation at a newly established specialized fetal medicine center.

Methods: Mothers of fetuses with severe CDH were offered prenatal treatment by FETO.

Results: Between 2018 and 2021, 16 cases of severe CDH underwent FETO.

Precision medicine in monogenic inflammatory bowel disease: proposed mIBD REPORT standards.

Owing to advances in genomics that enable differentiation of molecular aetiologies, patients with monogenic inflammatory bowel disease (mIBD) potentially have access to genotype-guided precision medicine. In this Expert Recommendation, we review the therapeutic research landscape of mIBD, the reported response to therapies, the medication-related risks and systematic bias in reporting. The mIBD field is characterized by the absence of randomized controlled trials and is dominated by retrospective observational data based on case series and case reports.