A Multi-Center Study on the Relationship Between Developmental Regression and Disease Severity in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of developmental regression in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and to explore its relationship with disease severity.

Methods: We finally included 1,027 ASD children aged 2-5 years from 13 cities in China: 138 with regressive ASD and 889 with non-regressive ASD. The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Child Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and Children Neuropsychological and Behavioral Scale-Revision 2016 (CNBS-R2016) were used to evaluate the core symptoms and developmental status of children in the two groups.

Treatment Adherence to Injectable Treatments in Pediatric Growth Hormone Deficiency Compared With Injectable Treatments in Other Chronic Pediatric Conditions: A Systematic Literature Review.

Background: Pediatric patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) are currently treated with daily injections of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) to promote linear growth and enable attainment of normal adult height. One of the main reasons for suboptimal growth during rhGH therapy is non-adherence to treatment. The objective of this systematic literature review was to examine the recent literature on pediatric adherence to injectable treatments for chronic conditions (focusing on rhGH) to characterize levels of adherence and identify the factors/barriers associated with adherence.

Human Milk Fortification in Very Preterm Infants in China: A Multicenter Survey.

Aim: To investigate the use of human milk fortifier (HMF) for very preterm infants (VPIs) and complications and nutritional status of VPIs due to various breast milk enhancement strategies among the Chinese population.

Methods: VPIs with birth weight < 1,800 g and wholly or predominantly breastfed were assigned to the following fortification groups: no HMF, early HMF (adding HMF at an enteral volume of ≤ 80 ml·kg·day), middle HMF (adding HMF at an enteral volume of 80-100 ml·kg·day), and late HMF (adding HMF at an enteral volume of ≥100 ml·kg·day). The growth status and complications for various groups were evaluated.

Targeted intracellular delivery of Cas13 and Cas9 nucleases using bacterial toxin-based platforms.

Targeted delivery of therapeutic proteins toward specific cells and across cell membranes remains major challenges. Here, we develop protein-based delivery systems utilizing detoxified single-chain bacterial toxins such as diphtheria toxin (DT) and botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT)-like toxin, BoNT/X, as carriers. The system can deliver large protein cargoes including Cas13a, CasRx, Cas9, and Cre recombinase into cells in a receptor-dependent manner, although delivery of ribonucleoproteins containing guide RNAs is not successful.

Determination of Age- and Sex-Specific 99th Percentile Upper Reference Limits for High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I in Healthy Chinese Adults.

Introduction: Age- and sex-specific reference intervals (RIs) for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) are not available in China. The objective of the present research was to determine the assay-specific 99th percentile upper reference limits (URLs) for hs-cTnI in healthy Chinese adults.

Methods: Apparently healthy individuals were first screened with a questionnaire.

Effectiveness of clown intervention for pain relief in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Pain is common in children receiving medical procedures, and there is a lack of adequate awareness and management. In addition, children who undergo medical procedures involving pain may also experience stress, crying and prolonged hospitalisation. Clown intervention is a promising nonpharmacological intervention.

Association of Gestational Age at Birth With Subsequent Suspected Developmental Coordination Disorder in Early Childhood in China.

Importance: It remains unknown whether children born at different degrees of prematurity, early term, and post term might have a higher risk of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) compared with completely full-term children (39-40 gestational weeks).

Objective: To differentiate between suspected DCD in children with different gestational ages based on a national representative sample in China.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in China from April 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019.

Evaluation of IL-2 and Dexamethasone intracavitary injection on the management of malignant effusion in children with solid tumors or lymphoma.

Background: Currently, no available coherent management protocol exists for pediatric cancers associated with pleural effusion, ascites, and pericardial effusion. This study aimed to retrospectively present our experience in treating pediatric cancer patients with pleural effusion, ascites, and pericardial effusion using interleukin-2 (IL-2) and dexamethasone (DEX) intracavitary injections.

Methods: Between January 1st, 2008 and December 31st, 2020, medical reports of patients diagnosed with solid tumors or lymphoma were checked to identify patients diagnosed with > 2 cm pleural effusion, and/or more than grade 1 ascites, and/or more than small pericardial effusion.

Pamiparib Monotherapy for Patients with Germline BRCA1/2-Mutated Ovarian Cancer Previously Treated with at Least Two Lines of Chemotherapy: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Phase II Study.

Purpose: Phase I results of this phase I/II study showed that pamiparib 60 mg twice a day had antitumor activity and an acceptable safety profile in Chinese patients with advanced cancer, including epithelial ovarian cancer.

Patients And Methods: This open-label phase II study was conducted in China and enrolled adult (≥18 years) patients with platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer (PSOC; disease progression occurring ≥6 months after last platinum treatment) or platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (PROC; disease progression occurring <6 months after last platinum treatment). Eligible patients had known or suspected deleterious germline BRCA mutation (gBRCAmut) and had previously received ≥2 lines of therapy.

The Characteristics of Iodine Nutrition Status in China After 20 Years of Universal Salt Iodization: An Epidemiology Study Covering 31 Provinces.

Despite the implementation of the universal salt iodization (USI) program for correction of iodine deficiency in China for ∼20 years, the actual iodine nutrition status of Chinese residents and the prevalence of iodine deficiency and iodine excess are issues that need to be addressed. This nationally representative cross-sectional study was conducted across all 31 provinces of mainland China to gather extensive data on iodine nutrition status and the influential factors. This study included 78,470 participants, aged 18 years or older, who were interviewed and asked to answer a questionnaire.

Comparing the Traditional Versus Conservative Endodontic Access Cavities Design of the Maxillary First Molar: Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.

BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare the size and location of the traditional and conservative endodontic access cavities of the right maxillary first molar teeth, projected on the occlusal surface using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), to obtain an ideal access cavity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Five hundred CBCT images of the right maxillary first molars, including 198 males and 302 females, were retrospectively evaluated using KaVo eXam Vision software. First, a rectangular coordinate system was established.

Development and validation of a novel online calculator for estimating survival benefit of adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in patients undergoing surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background And Aims: Although adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for resected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may improve survival for some patients, identifying which patients can benefit remains challenging. The present study aimed to construct a survival prediction calculator for individualized estimating the net survival benefit of adjuvant TACE for patients with resected HCC.

Methods: From a multicenter database, consecutive patients undergoing curative resection for HCC were enrolled and divided into the developing and validation cohorts.

Associations of low hand grip strength with 1 year mortality of cancer cachexia: a multicentre observational study.

Backgrounds: Hand grip strength (HGS) is one of diagnose criteria factors of sarcopenia and is associated with the survival of patients with cancer. However, few studies have addressed the association of HGS and 1 year mortality of patients with cancer cachexia.

Methods: This cohort study included 8466 patients with malignant solid tumour from 40 clinical centres throughout China.

A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Study on Accessibility and Availability of Neonatal care Resources in Hospitals of China: Current Situation, Mortality and Regional Differences: Neonatal Care Resources and Newborn Mortality in China.

Background: To investigate the current situation of neonatal care resources (NCR), newborn mortality rates (NMR), regional differences and existing challenges in China.

Methods: By using a self-designed questionnaire form and the cross-sectional method, we conducted a survey of all hospitals equipped with neonatal facilities in China from March 2019 to March 2020 with respect to the level and nature of these hospitals, the number of newborn beds and NICU beds, the number of neonatal pediatricians, and the development of therapeutic techniques. The data about the newborn births and deaths were retrieved from the annual statistics of the health commissions of the related provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities.

Secular Trends in the Epidemiologic Patterns of Thyroid Cancer in China Over Three Decades: An Updated Systematic Analysis of Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 Data.

Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant endocrine disease worldwide. The changing epidemiologic pattern of thyroid cancer at the national level in China has remained unknown over the last three decades.

Methods: Following the general analytical strategy used in the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019, the age- and sex-specific incidence, mortality, and prevalence rates of thyroid cancer in China were analyzed.

Circulating humanin is lower in coronary artery disease and is a prognostic biomarker for major cardiac events in humans.

Background: Humanin is an endogenous mitochondria-derived peptide that plays critical roles in oxidative stress, inflammation and CAD. In this study, we measured the levels of circulating humanin, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with unstable angina and MI and studied the relationship between these parameters and major adverse cardiac events (MACE).

Methods: A total of 327 subjects were recruited from the inpatient department at First Hospital of Jilin University and divided into 3 groups [control, angina and myocardial infarction (MI)] based on the clinical data and the results of the angiography.

The HIF1α-PDGFD-PDGFRα axis controls glioblastoma growth at normoxia/mild-hypoxia and confers sensitivity to targeted therapy by echinomycin.

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a lethal brain tumor, remains the most daunting challenge in cancer therapy. Overexpression and constitutive activation of PDGFs and PDGFRα are observed in most GBM; however, available inhibitors targeting isolated signaling pathways are minimally effective. Therefore, better understanding of crucial mechanisms underlying GBM is needed for developing more effective targeted therapies.

Genomic Copy Number Variants in CML Patients With the Philadelphia Chromosome (Ph+): An Update.

Background: Submicroscopic segmental imbalances detected by array-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) were discovered to be common in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients with (9;22) as the sole chromosomal anomaly. To confirm the findings of the previous study and expand the investigation, additional CML patients with (9;22) as the sole chromosomal anomaly were recruited and copy number variants (CNVs) were searched for.

Methods: Karyotyping tests were performed on 106 CML patients during January 2010-September 2019 in our Genetics Laboratory.

Acid-Suppressive Drugs and Risk of Fracture in Children and Young Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Recent studies have suggested that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine type 2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) may increase the risk of fracture. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the risk of fracture with PPIs and H2RAs use in children and young adults. PubMed, EMBASE database, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for relevant articles published before May 2021 were searched.

Sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorder: a multicenter survey.

Background: High prevalence of sleep problems have been reported in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This study aims to investigate the sleep conditions of ASD children in China, and explore the relationship between the common sleep problems and core symptoms and developmental levels.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, we included 2 to 7-year-old children from 13 cities in China: 1310 with ASD and 1158 with typically-developing (TD) children.

Risk factors and prediction nomogram model for psychosocial and behavioural problems among children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national multicentre study: Risk Factors of Childhood Psychosocial Problems.

Background: We aimed to explore the risk profiles attributable to psychosocial and behavioural problems during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. To this end, we created a risk-prediction nomogram model.

Methods: A national multicentre study was conducted through an online questionnaire involving 12,186 children (6-11 years old) and adolescents (12-16 years old).

Donafenib Versus Sorafenib in First-Line Treatment of Unresectable or Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Randomized, Open-Label, Parallel-Controlled Phase II-III Trial.

Purpose: Donafenib, a novel multikinase inhibitor and a deuterated sorafenib derivative, has shown efficacy in phase Ia and Ib hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) studies. This study compared the efficacy and safety of donafenib versus sorafenib as first-line therapy for advanced HCC.

Patients And Methods: This open-label, randomized, parallel-controlled, multicenter phase II-III trial enrolled patients with unresectable or metastatic HCC, a Child-Pugh score ≤ 7, and no prior systemic therapy from 37 sites across China.

Adjuvant effects of vitamin A and vitamin D supplementation on treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a study protocol for a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicentric trial in China.

Introduction: Approximately 7.2% of children in the world suffer from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Due to the availability of the osmotic-release oral-system methylphenidate, ADHD currently has a remission rate of up to 30.