New Insights into the Epidemiological Characteristics of Infection before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic.

(), a prevalent respiratory pathogen affecting children and adolescents, is known to trigger periodic global epidemics. The most recent significant outbreak commenced in the first half of 2023 and reached its peak globally during the autumn and winter months. Considering the worldwide repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become increasingly essential to delve into the epidemiological characteristics of both before and after the pandemic.

The DHODH inhibitor teriflunomide impedes cell proliferation and enhances chemosensitivity to daunorubicin (DNR) in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological tumor that requires novel treatment strategies, especially for relapsed/refractory cases. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a key enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, has been identified as a potential target for tumors. Besides, Teriflunomide (TRF) is a DHODH inhibitor with anticancer effects; however, its role in T-ALL remains poorly understood.

Comprehensive Genomic Analysis for Identifying FZD6 as a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker for Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

As a family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with a seven-span transmembrane structure, frizzled class receptors (FZDs) play crucial roles in regulating multiple biological functions. However, their transcriptional expression profile and prognostic significance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are unclear. In AML, the role of FZDs was explored by performing the comprehensive analysis on the relationship between clinical characteristics and mRNA expression profiles from public databases including cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics, Gene Expression Profile Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE).

The gut microbiome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children has become a major public health problem that affects the physical and mental growth of children. OSAS can result in adverse outcomes during growth and development, inhibiting the normal development of the metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune systems. OSAS is characterized by partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway, and prolonged obstruction that causes intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation in children.

Clinical Incidence and Characteristics of Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes in Chinese Children and Adolescents: A Nationwide Registry Study of 34 Medical Centers.

Objective: To investigate the clinical incidence and characteristics of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) of children and adolescents at the time of initial diagnosis in China.

Methods: Data on all pediatric patients with newly diagnosed T1DM were retrospectively collected from 34 medical centers in 25 major cities in China from January 2015 to January 2020. Patients were classified into three age groups: <5 years, 5 to <10 years, and ≥10 years of age.

Pharmaceutical Reagent Inventory Strategy Based on Contract Shelf Life and Patient Demand.

As the function and R&D level of in vitro diagnostic reagents continue to improve, the need for hospitals for in vitro diagnostic reagents in clinical diagnosis also keeps increasing. However, under the influence of management, process, technology, equipment, materials, employees, and other unexpected disturbing factors, the output of reagents often has random uncertainty, and it is difficult to provide the finished products required by orders on time, in quality and quantity. A secondary supply chain consisting of reagent manufacturers, distributors, and hospitals is constructed, and the inventory control models of in vitro diagnostic reagent supply chain under three strategies of centralized decision-making, hospital-owned inventory, and reagent distributor-managed inventory are established, respectively, and the maximum expected returns of the supply chain system under different strategies are analyzed to achieve the optimal production decision of reagent manufacturers and the optimal procurement decision of hospitals.

Knowledge about neonatal danger signs and associated factors among mothers of children aged 0-12 months in a rural county, Southwest of China: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Delay in care seeking is one of the causes for neonatal death. Mothers' knowledge of neonatal danger signs is imperative to promote early recognition of neonatal illness and reduce the delay in care seeking. Currently, no study has been conducted on the knowledge about neonatal danger signs in China, especially in economically less developed areas.

MiR-652-5p elevated glycolysis level by targeting TIGAR in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

The effect of glycolysis remains largely elusive in acute T lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Increasing evidence has indicated that the dysregulation of miRNAs is involved in glycolysis, by targeting the genes coding glycolysis rate-limiting enzymes. In our previous studies, we found that overexpression of the ARRB1-derived miR-223 sponge repressed T-ALL progress and reduced the expression of miR-652-5p.

Research on Chest Disease Recognition Based on Deep Hierarchical Learning Algorithm.

Chest X-ray has become one of the most common ways in diagnostic radiology exams, and this technology assists expert radiologists with finding the patients at potential risk of cardiopathy and lung diseases. However, it is still a challenge for expert radiologists to assess thousands of cases in a short period so that deep learning methods are introduced to tackle this problem. Since the diseases have correlations with each other and have hierarchical features, the traditional classification scheme could not achieve a good performance.

Mechanism and Potential of Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized membrane vesicles secreted by cells. EVs serve as a mediator for cell-to-cell communication by regulating the exchange of genetic materials and proteins between the donor and surrounding cells. Current studies have explored the therapeutic value of mesenchymal stem cells-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) for the treatment of infectious diseases extensively.

[Four cases of nephrotic syndrome with TRPC6 gene variations and literature review].

To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of TRPC6 variation induced children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Clinical data of four patients with nephrotic syndrome carrying TRPC6 variations, who were admitted to the Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Shanghai from Jan. 2017 to Dec.

A novel missense mutation of gene alter collagen IV α5 chain to cause X-linked Alport syndrome in a Chinese family.

Background: X-linked Alport syndrome (XLAS) is the most common form of Alport syndrome (AS), involves mutations in the gene encoding the type IV collagen a5 chain. In this research, we will report the analysis of the gene in a Chinese family with XLAS, and investigate the effect of the missense mutation of this family on type IV collagen.

Methods: Targeted sequencing using next-generation sequencing (NGS) was conducted for genes (COL4A3/4/5).

Association between prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and respiratory tract infections in preschool children.

Background: Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is considered to affect adversely the immune function. However, the effect of prenatal PFAS exposure on respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in children is unclear. Thus, we evaluated whether cord blood PFAS levels were associated with RTI in the first 5 years of life.

[A multicentric study on clinical characteristics and antibiotic sensitivity in children with methicillin-resistant infection].

To investigate the clinical characteristics of pediatric methicillin-resistant (MRSA) infection and the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates. The clinical data of children with MRSA infection and antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates from 11 children's hospitals in Infectious Diseases Surveillance of Paediatrics (ISPED) group of China between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018 were collected retrospectively. The children's general condition, high-risk factors, antimicrobial therapy and prognosis, differences in clinical disease and laboratory test results between different age groups, and differences of antibiotic sensitivity between community-acquired (CA)-MRSA and hospital-acquired (HA)-MRSA were analyzed.

Best practice for infection prevention in pediatric respiratory clinics during the COVID-19 epidemic.

During the COVID-19 epidemic, it is important for ensuring infection prevention and control in the pediatric respiratory clinics. Herein, we introduced the practice of infection prevention and control in pediatric respiratory clinics in China. Triage measures for patients who visit respiratory clinics, quality control for pediatric respiratory clinics and other preventive measures for related examinations and treatment have been introduced in this review article.

Chinese family care patterns of childhood rheumatic diseases: A cluster analysis.

Objectives: The purpose is to distinguish family care (FC) patterns of childhood rheumatic diseases in Chinese families and to determine the predictors of FC patterns.

Methods: This secondary analysis contained two cross-section surveys with a convenient sample of totally 398 caregivers who have a child with rheumatic diseases from four pediatric hospitals. Caregivers were required to completed Family Management Measure questionnaire.

-254C>G SNP in the Gene Promoter Influences Its Expression via Interaction with the NF-B Subunit RELA in Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome Children.

This study is aimed at exploring the mechanism by which the -254C>G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the transient receptor potential cation channel 6 () gene promoter could increase its activation in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome children of China. Plasmids containing the promoter region (with the -254C or G allele) were constructed and then transfected into human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells and human podocytes. Luciferase assays were used to test the promoter activity in both cell lines with or without tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) treatment, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-PCR) analysis was used to verify the transcription factor that could bind to this mutant sequence.

[Mutation analysis of two pedigrees with suspected oculocutaneous albinism].

Objective: To analyze the clinical presentation and gene of 2 pedigrees with suspected oculocutaneous albinism(OCA), and provide basis for clinical classification, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.

Methods: Variants were identified using next-generation sequencing(NGS) and confirmed by Sanger sequencing in 2 pedigrees with suspected OCA. The pathogenicity of the variants was analyzed according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) standard.

Comparing Single vs. Combined Cerebrospinal Fluid Parameters for Diagnosing Full-Term Neonatal Bacterial Meningitis.

To identify and compare the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters that predict the presence of neonatal bacterial meningitis using optimal cutoff values, and to derive and compare predictive profiles based on a combination of individual parameters for the same purpose. The retrospective component of the Shanghai Neonate Meningitis Cohort included all term neonates who underwent lumbar puncture between 2000 and 2017. Those with severe neurological diseases, histories of ventricular drainage, or traumatic lumbar punctures were excluded.

[The effect of DNA hydroxymethylase Tet2 on γ globin activation in the treatment of β-thalassemia].

To study the function of ten-eleven translocation 2 (Tet2) in γ globin gene expression in patients with β- thalassemia. Gamma globin expression was induced by 5-azacytidine and Tet2 gene expression was knocked down by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in a human immortalized myelogenous leukemia K562 cell line. The global 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) level was measured by an ELISA kit.

[Clinical features and expression of PLA(2)R in renal tissue with idiopathic membranous nephropathy in children].

To explore the clinical features and expression of PLA(2)R in renal tissue of children with idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Retrospective study was performed in patients with membranous nephropathy diagnosed through renal biopsy and the follow-up time was at least half a year in ' from January 2010 to February 2017. We compared their clinicopathological and pathological findings of IMN.