Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter components with obesity in children and adolescents in China: The age-sex disparities and key effect modifiers.

Long-term fine particulate matter (PM) exposure was associated with childhood obesity. However, the key PM components and whether PM effect may vary by obesity type, growth stage, sex, and individual/family characteristics have yet been examined. In this study, we investigated 213,907 Chinese children and adolescents aged 3-18 years in 2017-2019.

Transition and Aftercare Following a Child's Discharge From ICU to a General Ward: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis of Parental Experiences.

Background: Transitions from the intensive care unit (ICU) to the general ward cause great impairment of physical and psychosocial functioning in children and their parents. Better understanding of parental experiences during children's ICU-to-ward transitions is required to inform the development of ICU transitional care.

Aim: To examine the parental experiences during their children's ICU-to-ward transitions through the synthesis of original qualitative studies.

Efficacy Analysis of Modified Single-Incision Surgery for Repair of Pediatric Chest Wall Defects: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Aim: This study aims to compare the efficacy of modified single-incision surgery with that of traditional modified Ravitch surgery for the repair of pectus excavatum in pediatric patients.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we included patients who underwent surgical correction for sternal depression from January 2015 to December 2020 across four major medical centers. Patients were categorized into two specific groups on the basis of the surgical technique employed: the modified single-incision surgery group, which comprised patients treated using the novel single-incision approach, and the traditional modified Ravitch surgery group, which included patients who received the conventional Ravitch surgery with multiple incisions.

Deciphering the temporal transcriptional landscape of human fetal leptomeninges.

The leptomeninges play a pivotal role in the central nervous system (CNS), serving both as a barrier and as a conduit for fluid and cellular transport. Despite their critical functions, our understanding of leptomeningeal development and maturation during human embryogenesis remains limited. This study seeks to bridge this gap.

The performance of ChatGPT in day surgery and pre-anesthesia risk assessment: a case-control study of 150 simulated patient presentations.

Background: Day surgery has developed rapidly in China in recent years, although it still faces a shortage of anesthesiologists to handle pre-anesthesia routine before surgery. We hypothesized that ChatGPT may assist anesthesia practitioners in preoperative assessment and answer questions on the concerns of patients. The aims of this study were to examine the ability of ChatGPT to assess preoperative risk and determine its accuracy in answering questions regarding knowledge and management of day surgery anesthesia.

New Insights into the Epidemiological Characteristics of Infection before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic.

(), a prevalent respiratory pathogen affecting children and adolescents, is known to trigger periodic global epidemics. The most recent significant outbreak commenced in the first half of 2023 and reached its peak globally during the autumn and winter months. Considering the worldwide repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become increasingly essential to delve into the epidemiological characteristics of both before and after the pandemic.

The prevalence and related factors of compassion fatigue among nursing interns: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Compassion fatigue is common among nurses and can lead to decreased motivation, impaired physical and mental health, and turnover. Nursing interns often face environments the same as professional nurses, yet their compassion fatigue has received less attention. Therefore, this study aims to assess the prevalence and related factors of compassion fatigue among nursing interns.

The DHODH inhibitor teriflunomide impedes cell proliferation and enhances chemosensitivity to daunorubicin (DNR) in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological tumor that requires novel treatment strategies, especially for relapsed/refractory cases. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a key enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, has been identified as a potential target for tumors. Besides, Teriflunomide (TRF) is a DHODH inhibitor with anticancer effects; however, its role in T-ALL remains poorly understood.

Sacubitril/Valsartan in Pediatric Heart Failure (PANORAMA-HF): A Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Blind Trial.

Background: Sacubitril/valsartan, an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), is an established treatment for heart failure (HF) with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. It has not been rigorously compared with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in children. PANORAMA-HF (Prospective Trial to Assess the Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Neprilysin Inhibitor LCZ696 Versus Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor for the Medical Treatment of Pediatric HF) is a randomized, double-blind trial that evaluated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD), safety, and efficacy of sacubitril/valsartan versus enalapril in children 1 month to <18 years of age with HF attributable to systemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD).

Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Bloodstream Infections Caused by Negative Bacteria in Children's: A Multicenter Study in China (2016-2022).

Objective: Aim to investigate the pathogens distribution and drug resistance of gram-negative bacteria causing bloodstream infection (BSIs) in Infectious Disease Surveillance of Pediatric from 2016 to 2022. The prevalence of four important drug resistance phenotypes was studied: difficult-to-treat resistance, fluoroquinolone resistance, carbapenem resistance, and extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance, and to provide reference basis for preventing and treating BSIs diseases in children.

Methods: Strain identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were independently performed at each hospital.

Correlation of Maternal Vitamin D Status in Early Pregnancy and Vitamin D Supplementation during Pregnancy with Atopic Dermatitis in Infants: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association of maternal first-trimester vitamin D levels and vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy with infant atopic dermatitis (AD) and to determine the effect of variables such as mode of conception on the association.

Methods: This study was based on the Shanghai sub-cohort of the International Birth Cohort of China. A total of 4051 woman-infant pairs with singleton pregnancies were recruited.

Outcomes of children with clear cell sarcoma of kidney following NWTS strategies in Shanghai China (2003-2021).

Background: Although clear cell sarcoma of kidney (CCSK) is rare, it is the second most common renal tumor in children after Wilms' tumor. NWTS and SIOP are two major groups which had made tremendous efforts on renal tumors, but the strategies are different, for NWTS follows the upfront surgery principle providing definite pathology and the SIOP follows the upfront chemotherapy principle, each has its own advantages. Here we aimed to evaluate the outcomes of CCSK in China following NWTS strategies to analyze the prognostic factors.

Effectiveness of the six-step approach guided online training program to improve knowledge of pneumonia among pediatricians: a pretest-posttest study.

Background: In 2023, China witnessed an earlier and more widespread outbreak of pneumonia (MPP). To address this situation, an online training program was designed to enhance the knowledge of MPP among pediatricians in Shanghai, China.

Methods: An online training program on the diagnosis and treatment of MPP, guided by Kern's six-step approach, was developed by the Shanghai Pediatric Clinical Quality Control Center.

The effect of developmental care on the length of hospital stay and family centered care practice for very low birth weight infants in neonatal intensive care units: A cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: Despite previous studies suggesting that developmental care can provide benign stimulation to promote neural development of newborns, more evidence is needed regarding the other clinical benefits of developmental care.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of implementing developmental care on the length of hospital stay, the improvement of care practice in neonatal intensive care units, as well as the short-term outcome of very low birth weight infants.

Design: Cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Pediatricians' Perspectives on Introducing Transitional Care into Handover Between Pediatric Intensive Care Units and General Wards.

Background: Despite the availability of a considerable number of studies on transitional care, few qualitative studies have synthesized physicians' perspectives on PICU-to-ward transition to develop a comprehensive transitional care curriculum. The aim of this study is to explore physicians' perceptions and management of the transition of critically ill children from the PICU to the general ward, with the aim of providing an evidence-based curriculum.

Methods: A qualitative study was conducted between July and August 2022.

The protective effects of Arctiin in asthma by attenuating airway inflammation and inhibiting p38/NF-κB signaling.

Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, which affects millions of people worldwide. Arctiin, a bioactive molecule derived from the traditional Chinese Burdock, has not been previously reported for its effects on asthma in infants. In this study, an asthma model was established in mice by stimulation with ovalbumin (OVA).

[A survey on the current situation of serum vitamin A and vitamin D levels among children aged 2-<7 years of 20 cities in China].

To investigate serum vitamin A and vitamin D status in children aged 2-<7 years in 20 cities in China. A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 2 924 healthy children aged 2-<7 years were recruited from September 2018 to September 2019 from 20 cities in China, categorized by age groups of 2-<3 years, 3-<5 years, and 5-<7 years.

Safety, Accuracy, and Efficacy of Robot-Assisted Stereo Electroencephalography in Children of Different Ages.

Background And Objectives: Aimed to investigate the safety, accuracy, and efficacy of stereo electroencephalography (SEEG) in children of various ages, with particular emphasis on those younger than 3 years. There is limited guidance regarding whether SEEG can conducted on very young children.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted between July 2018 and August 2022.