Associations between parent and adolescent weight outcomes within two parent approaches to family-based adolescent obesity treatment: Secondary analyses from the TEENS+ pilot trial.

Objective: To examine associations between parent and adolescent weight change within two parent approaches to adolescent obesity treatment.

Methods: Adolescent (M = 13.7 ± 1.

Ocular and neurological manifestations of the FDXR-related disorder.

The FDXR-related disorder is caused by pathogenic variants in the FDXR gene. Including our case, a total of 47 patients have been reported. The most common genotypes are the homozygous c.

Concordance and discordance of anticoagulation assays in children supported by ECMO: The truth is out there.

Introduction: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides critical support to patients in severe cardiac and respiratory failure, but it requires anticoagulation to prevent complications like bleeding and thrombosis. Heparin, the primary anticoagulant utilized, is monitored by activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and anti-Factor Xa (AntiXa) levels. Discordance between the two assays complicates its titration and the impact on patient outcomes is not well-established.

How Do School Salad Bars Impact Elementary School Students' Dietary Quality and Energy Intake at Lunch? A Randomized Controlled Plate Waste Investigation.

Children's dietary quality is suboptimal, increasing the risk of numerous chronic illnesses. Salad bars (SBs) have potential to enhance children's nutritional intake within the National School Lunch Program (NSLP); yet, empirical support is lacking. To address this gap, we evaluated the impact of school salad bars on dietary quality and energy intake at lunch.

Association of Unmet Social Needs With Disease-Related Outcomes in Pediatric Patients With Sickle Cell Disease.

Background: Social determinants of health (SDoH) are socioeconomic factors that influence health and well-being, though when unmet can greatly contribute to health disparities. Individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at increased risk of mortality, disability, and healthcare utilization. However, there are limited data linking specific social needs with disease outcomes in this population.

Impact of Consumer Wearables Data on Pediatric Surgery Clinicians' Management: Multi-Institutional Scenario-Based Usability Study.

Background: At present, parents lack objective methods to evaluate their child's postoperative recovery following discharge from the hospital. As a result, clinicians are dependent upon a parent's subjective assessment of the child's health status and the child's ability to communicate their symptoms. This subjective nature of home monitoring contributes to unnecessary emergency department (ED) use as well as delays in treatment.

Neutrophil elastase activates macrophage calpain as a mechanism for phagocytic failure.

Neutrophil elastase (NE), elevated in the cystic fibrosis (CF) airway, causes macrophage phagocytic failure. We previously reported that NE increases the release of protease calcium ion-dependent papain-like cysteine protease-2 (Calpain-2) in macrophages. We hypothesized that NE mediates macrophage failure through activation of Calpains.

A Directed Content Analysis of Discussions Between Mothers and Pediatricians Around Feeding and Growth Topics During Infant Well-Child Visits.

This study identified specific feeding and growth topics discussed during 2-, 4-, and 6-month well-child visits. Conversations between mothers (N = 20) and pediatricians (N = 5) during visits were audio-recorded. Conversation segments were classified as pediatrician-initiated guidance, mother-initiated questions/concerns, or updates using directed content analysis.

Safety and efficacy of viltolarsen in ambulatory and nonambulatory males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disease characterized by mutations in the dystrophin gene, causing motor and pulmonary function decline. Viltolarsen is indicated for patients with dystrophin gene mutations amenable to exon 53 skipping. Here, we report safety, motor function, and the first pulmonary function results from the open-label, phase II Galactic53 trial of viltolarsen (NCT04956289).

Factors Predicting Spontaneous Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Very Low Birth Weight Neonates.

Background Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a relatively rare condition among neonates in the United States, estimated at approximately 1 in every 2,000 births. Managing hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) in very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates remains a challenge. This study aims to explore and report on the spontaneous closure of hsPDA in VLBW infants in a clinical setting.

A review of proton pump inhibitor use in cystic fibrosis and considerations for deprescribing.

Use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) is common among people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) both for the management of suspected GERD, as well as pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy augmentation. Despite their use, limited data exist to demonstrate a clinically significant impact of PPIs on key endpoints in pwCF. Furthermore, the advent of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy may modify the need for use.

Auditory brainstem response findings in autism spectrum disorder speech delay population.

Objectives: Evaluate pediatric auditory brainstem response (ABR) findings in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) after the 2013 DSM-5 update.

Study Design: This was an IRB-approved, six-year retrospective chart review evaluating ABR results from pediatric patients with speech delay. Diagnosis of ASD and other neurodevelopmental abnormalities were collected for patient stratification.

Early Childhood Care Coordination Through 211: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background And Objectives: Early intervention services can improve outcomes for children with developmental delays. Health care providers, however, often struggle to ensure timely referrals and services. We tested the effectiveness of telephone-based early childhood developmental care coordination through 211 LA, a health and human services call center serving Los Angeles County, in increasing referral and enrollment in services.

Treatment of small as well as large declines in lung function enhances recovery to baseline in people with CF.

Background: The benefit of antibiotic treatment of acute drops in FEV percent predicted (FEVpp) has been clearly established, but data from the early 2000s showed inconsistent treatment. Further, there is no empirical evidence for what magnitude of drop is clinically significant.

Methods: We used data from the CF Foundation Patient Registry (CFFPR) from 2016 to 2019 to determine the association between treatment (any IV antibiotics, only oral or newly prescribed inhaled antibiotics, or no antibiotic therapy) following a decline of ≥5% from baseline FEVpp and return to 100% baseline FEVpp days using multivariable logistic regression including an interaction between the magnitude of decline and treatment category.

Screening and Prophylaxis for Venous Thromboembolism in Pediatric Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Objective: The American Pediatric Surgical Association Outcomes and Evidence-Based Practice Committee conducted a systematic review to describe the epidemiology of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pediatric surgical and trauma patients and develop recommendations for screening and prophylaxis.

Methods: The Medline (Ovid), Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were queried from January 2000 through December 2021. Search terms addressed the following topics: incidence, ultrasound screening, and mechanical and pharmacologic prophylaxis.

The conundrum of high-grade hydronephrosis with non-obstructive drainage on diuretic renography.

Background: Patients with high grade hydronephrosis (HN) and non-obstructive drainage on mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG-3) diuretic renography (renal scans) can pose a dilemma for clinicians. Some patients may progress and require pyeloplasty; however, more clarity is needed on outcomes among these patients.

Objective: Our primary objective was to predict which patients with high-grade HN and non-obstructive renal scan, (defined as T ½ time <20 min) would experience resolution of HN.