Point mutations in c-Myc uncouple neoplastic transformation from multiple other phenotypes in rat fibroblasts.

Deregulation of c-Myc (Myc) occurs in many cancers. In addition to transforming various cell types, Myc also influences additional transformation-associated cellular phenotypes including proliferation, survival, genomic instability, reactive oxygen species production, and metabolism. Although Myc is wild type in most cancers (wtMyc), it occasionally acquires point mutations in certain lymphomas.

Limping in toddlers: pelvic abscess presenting with transient synovitis picture.

Background: Limping is a common presenting pediatric complaint, caused by conditions originating in the lower extremities as well as in anatomical areas surrounding the hip joint. Pathologic processes presenting with limping include trauma, inflammation, infection, and malignancy.

Objectives: In this report, we present a case of pelvic abscess presenting with limping in a toddler.

Traumatic television tip-overs in the pediatric patient population.

Background: Head trauma is the leading cause of injury in the pediatric patient population. Although falls are the most common reason for head injury, blunt objects are a significant contributor. The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) released the top five hidden hazards of the home in 2007 and listed "tip-overs" as the third leading cause of morbidity and mortality.

Magnetic resonance imaging in the analysis of pediatric orbital tumors: utility of diffusion-weighted imaging.

Purpose: To identify common radiographic features of pediatric orbital tumors by the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), fat saturated T2, and pre- and postgadolinium T1. DWI is hypothesized to help identify and predict the malignancy of specific brain tumors. To our knowledge, a similar analysis in which the authors have used this combination of MRI techniques has not been performed with orbital tumors.

Understanding latent tuberculosis: a moving target.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a threat to the health of people worldwide. Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis can result in active TB or, more commonly, latent infection. Latently infected persons, of which there are estimated to be approximately 2 billion in the world, represent an enormous reservoir of potential reactivation TB, which can spread to other people.

Widespread genomic instability mediated by a pathway involving glycoprotein Ib alpha and Aurora B kinase.

c-Myc (Myc) oncoprotein induction of genomic instability (GI) contributes to its initial transforming function and subsequent tumor cell evolution. We describe here a pathway by which Myc, via its target protein glycoprotein Ibalpha (GpIb alpha), mediates GI. Proteomic profiling revealed that the serine/threonine kinase Aurora B is down-regulated by GpIb alpha in p53-deficient primary human fibroblasts.

Tumor necrosis factor neutralization results in disseminated disease in acute and latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection with normal granuloma structure in a cynomolgus macaque model.

Objective: An increased risk of tuberculosis has been documented in humans treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-neutralizing agents. In murine models, impaired signaling by TNF causes exacerbation of both acute and chronic infection associated with aberrant granuloma formation and maintenance. This study was undertaken to investigate immune modulation in the setting of TNF neutralization in primary and latent tuberculosis in a non-human primate model.

Assessment of constipation in children with tracheostomy.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of constipation among children with tracheostomy tubes compared with children without tracheostomy tubes. We theorize that patients with tracheostomy may be unable to achieve adequate subglottic pressure for the Valsalva maneuver, which may contribute to constipation.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Extracellular high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) inhibits enterocyte migration via activation of Toll-like receptor-4 and increased cell-matrix adhesiveness.

Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) is the receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide, yet it may also respond to a variety of endogenous molecules. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of death from gastrointestinal disease in newborn infants and is characterized by intestinal mucosal destruction and impaired enterocyte migration due to increased TLR4 signaling on enterocytes. The endogenous ligands for TLR4 that lead to impaired enterocyte migration remain unknown.

Ambulatory surgery and malignant hyperthermia.

Purpose Of Review: It is timely to review recent publications that add to our knowledge of malignant hyperthermia because we can go to the web or to newspapers and read of recent tragic malignant hyperthermia deaths.

Recent Findings: New methods were used to affirm some of the previous observations regarding the epidemiology of malignant hyperthermia, and the well known North American Malignant Hyperthermia Registry was used to describe characteristics of malignant hyperthermia deaths. Anesthesia workstations have been found to have a larger reservoir of potent inhalation anesthetics than did their predecessors.

Quantitative comparison of active and latent tuberculosis in the cynomolgus macaque model.

We previously described that low-dose Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in cynomolgus macaques results in a spectrum of disease similar to that of human infection: primary disease, latent infection, and reactivation tuberculosis (S. V. Capuano III, D.

Dexmedetomidine use in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit: can we use it in infants after cardiac surgery?

Objective: To assess clinical response of dexmedetomidine alone or in combination with conventional sedatives/analgesics after cardiac surgery.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: Pediatric cardiac intensive care unit.

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in newborns younger than 21 days: remodeling the path of surgical intervention.

Background: According to currently accepted diagnostic criteria, ultrasonography confirms hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) when the pyloric muscle thickness (MT) is greater than 4 mm and the pyloric channel length (CL) is greater than 15 mm. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis frequently presents in newborns younger than 21 days; yet, the diagnostic criteria in this younger population remain poorly defined. We, therefore, sought to define the diagnostic criteria for HPS in newborns younger than 21 days.

Hematopoietic cell transplantation: a curative option for sickle cell disease.

Sickle cell disease is associated with considerable morbidity and premature mortality. Hematopoietic cell transplantation offers the possibility of cure and is associated with excellent results in pediatric patients receiving stem cell transplantation from a matched sibling donor. Reduced intensity conditioning regimen have the potential to further reduce regimen related morbidity and mortality.

Brain imaging and prophylactic therapy in children with migraine: recommendations versus reality.

Objectives: To determine the concordance between referring physician behavior and published criteria for performance of imaging studies and institution of prophylactic therapy, respectively, in children referred to an academic children's hospital headache clinic. Study design A retrospective review of the records of 106 consecutive patients referred to an academic children's hospital headache clinic.

Results: Approximately half of patients referred to the clinic had already had head computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging ordered by the referring doctor and performed before their clinic appointment.