294 results match your criteria: "Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center[Affiliation]"

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare is becoming increasingly mainstream. Leveraging digital technologies, such as AI and deep learning, impacts researchers, clinicians, and industry due to promising performance and clinical potential. Digital pathology is now a proven technology, enabling generation of high-resolution digital images from glass slides (whole slide images; WSI).

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  • The study compares the effectiveness and toxicity of two treatments, rituximab (RTX) and cyclophosphamide (CYC), for pediatric patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA).
  • It analyzes data from 104 patients and finds no significant difference in remission rates or severe adverse events between the two treatment groups.
  • Limitations of the study include the lack of standardized treatment protocols and the retrospective nature of the analysis.
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  • Hepatic artery complications (HACs) after pediatric liver transplantation can lead to significant health issues, and this study aims to understand how common they are, how they are managed, and what outcomes arise from these complications.
  • The research utilizes the international HEPATIC Registry, collecting data on pediatric patients under 18 who experienced HAC within the last 20 years, focusing on survival rates and treatment success.
  • Ethical approval will be obtained from all participating sites, and findings will be shared at conferences and in academic journals, with the study registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05818644).
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Objectives: Patients with chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature/proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome (CANDLE/PRAAS) respond to the janus kinase inhibitor 1/2 inhibition with baricitinib at exposures higher than in rheumatoid arthritis. Baricitinib dose reductions to minimise exposure triggered disease flares which we used to develop 'flare criteria'.

Methods: Of 10 patients with CANDLE/PRAAS treated with baricitinib in an open-label expanded-access programme, baricitinib doses were reduced 14 times in 9 patients between April 2014 and December 2019.

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Deconstructing surgeries into steps and providing instructions with illustrations has been the staple of surgical textbooks for decades. However, it may be difficult for the novice surgeon to interpret 2-dimensional (2D) illustrations into 3D surgeries. The objective of this study is to create operable models that demonstrate the progression of surgery in 3D and allow for mastering the final steps of the operation first.

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Objective: Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) are life-threatening systemic hyperinflammatory syndromes that can develop in most inflammatory contexts. They can progress rapidly, and early identification and management are critical for preventing organ failure and mortality. This effort aimed to develop evidence-based and consensus-based points to consider to assist clinicians in optimising decision-making in the of diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of HLH/MAS.

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Objective: Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) are life-threatening systemic hyperinflammatory syndromes that can develop in most inflammatory contexts. They can progress rapidly, and early identification and management are critical for preventing organ failure and mortality. This effort aimed to develop evidence-based and consensus-based points to consider to assist clinicians in optimising decision-making in the early stages of diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of HLH/MAS.

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TMEM16A partners with mTOR to influence pathways of cell survival, proliferation, and migration in cholangiocarcinoma.

Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol

August 2023

Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.

Expression of transmembrane protein 16 A (TMEM16A), a calcium activated chloride channel, is elevated in some human cancers and impacts tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and patient outcome. Evidence presented here uncovers a molecular synergy between TMEM16A and mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine-threonine kinase that is known to promote cell survival and proliferation in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a lethal cancer of the secretory cells of bile ducts. Analysis of gene and protein expression in human CCA tissue and CCA cell line detected elevated TMEM16A expression and Cl channel activity.

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Purpose: A subset of patients with metopic craniosynostosis are noted to have elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). However, it is not known if the propensity for elevated ICP is influenced by the severity of metopic cranial dysmorphology.

Methods: Children with nonsyndromic single-suture metopic synostosis were prospectively enrolled and underwent optical coherence tomography to measure optic nerve head morphology.

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Association Between Abdominal Adipose Tissue Distribution and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Chinese Obese Patients.

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)

April 2022

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.

Purpose: Factors related to the occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in obesity have not been fully clarified. The aim of this study was to identify the association between OSAS and abdominal fat distribution in a cohort of Chinese obese patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional study collected demographic data of 122 obese patients who were admitted into the in-patient unit of the Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital from July 2018 to January 2021.

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Relationship of Vitamin A and Thyroid Function in Individuals With Obesity and After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Front Nutr

March 2022

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.

Unlabelled: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) occurs in obesity and may be associated with thyroid dysfunction. We aimed to investigate the association of VA with thyroid function in obesity and after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Nine hundred and seventy-six obese subjects were enrolled for this study and were divided into VAD, marginal vitamin A deficiency (MVAD), and vitamin A normal (NVA) groups.

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Background: The most common clinical manifestation of adenovirus (AdV) infection is acute respiratory illness (ARI). Specific AdV species associated with ARI hospitalizations are not well defined in the Middle East.

Methods: A viral surveillance study was conducted among children <2 years hospitalized in Amman, Jordan, from March 2010 to March 2013.

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Pyriform aperture stenosis (PAS) and choanal atresia (CA) are 2 anatomic causes of newborn nasal obstruction. The goal of management of PAS and CA is to establish a patent nasal airway, often requiring surgery. No previous study has sought to assess the long term sinonasal and otologic disease incidence and outcomes in the PAS and CA population after surgical intervention.

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Background And Aims: The natural history of gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage (VH) in biliary atresia (BA) is not well characterized. We analyzed risk factors, incidence, and outcomes of VH in a longitudinal multicenter study.

Approach And Results: Participants enrolled in either an incident (Prospective Database of Infants with Cholestasis [PROBE]) or prevalent (Biliary Atresia Study of Infants and Children [BASIC]) cohort of BA were included.

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Background: Interleukin-1 receptor antagonists can reduce mortality in septic shock patients with hepatobiliary dysfunction and disseminated intravascular coagulation (HBD + DIC), an organ failure pattern with inflammatory features consistent with macrophage activation. Identification of clinical phenotypes in sepsis may allow for improved care. We aim to describe the occurrence of HBD + DIC in a contemporary cohort of patients with sepsis and determine the association of this phenotype with known macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) biomarkers and mortality.

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Background: Dietary factors like sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption are known to influence disease course in a variety of illnesses; however, long-term outcomes are not well documented for inflammatory bowel disease.

Objective: Does high consumption of SSBs lead to high healthcare utilization (ie, hospitalizations and emergency department visits), inflammation, and disease severity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease?

Design: A prospective cohort study was conducted from 2015 to 2019. Patients enrolled in the discovery study cohort were followed for 3 years, whereas patients in the validation cohort were followed for 2 years.

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Ceramide-mediated gut dysbiosis enhances cholesterol esterification and promotes colorectal tumorigenesis in mice.

JCI Insight

February 2022

Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, and.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) severely threatens human health and life span. An effective therapeutic strategy has not been established because we do not clearly know its pathogenesis. Here, we report that ceramide and sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) have roles in both spontaneous and chemical-induced intestinal cancers.

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Introduction: In developing countries where point-of-care testing is limited, providers rely on clinical judgement to discriminate between viral and bacterial respiratory infections. We performed a cross-sectional cohort study of hospitalized Jordanian children to evaluate antibiotic use for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections.

Materials And Methods: Admitting diagnoses from a prior viral surveillance cohort of hospitalized Jordanian children were dichotomized into suspected viral-like, non-pulmonary bacterial-like, and pulmonary bacterial-like infection.

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Background: Ciliary defects cause heterogenous phenotypes related to mutation burden which lead to impaired development. A previously reported homozygous deletion in the gene causes lethal respiratory failure in newborn pups and decreased lung ciliation compared with wild type (WT) pups. The effects of heterozygous mutation, and the potential for rescue are not known.

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We describe a novel clinical presentation of a rod-cone dystrophy in a single family. Two boys ages 6 and 12 years presented with clinical and optical coherence tomography features suggestive of X-linked retinoschisis, but with optic nerve swelling without increased intracranial pressure. One patient had an electronegative electroretinogram (ERG) and the other had rod-cone dysfunction.

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Introduction: MRI and MR spectroscopy (MRS) provide early biomarkers of brain injury and treatment response in neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy). Still, there are challenges to incorporating neuroimaging biomarkers into multisite randomised controlled trials. In this paper, we provide the rationale for incorporating MRI and MRS biomarkers into the multisite, phase III high-dose erythropoietin for asphyxia and encephalopathy (HEAL) Trial, the MRI/S protocol and describe the strategies used for harmonisation across multiple MRI platforms.

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