Topical review: family psychosocial risk screening and social determinants of health assessment.

Objective: Social-ecological factors are highly congruent with social determinants of health (SDOH): Economic Stability; Educational Access/Quality; Healthcare Access/Quality; Neighborhood/Built Environment; and Social/Community Context. In this topical review, the correspondence of social-ecological theory with SDOH and assessment approaches is reviewed. The Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) is used to show how existing tools may facilitate SDOH screening.

A compendium of Amplification-Related Gain Of Sensitivity genes in human cancer.

While the effect of amplification-induced oncogene expression in cancer is known, the impact of copy-number gains on "bystander" genes is less understood. We create a comprehensive map of dosage compensation in cancer by integrating expression and copy number profiles from over 8000 tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas and cell lines from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. Additionally, we analyze 17 cancer open reading frame screens to identify genes toxic to cancer cells when overexpressed.

Global transcriptome profiling of ST09 treated breast cancer cells identifies miR-197-5p/GPX3 antioxidant axis as a regulator of tumorigenesis.

ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) has a dual role in tumorigenesis. Some cancers have high ROS conditions, and others have low ROS. TNBC thrives on high ROS compared to other Breast Cancer subtypes.

Elective Discontinuation of Larotrectinib in Pediatric Patients With TRK Fusion Sarcomas and Related Mesenchymal Tumors.

Larotrectinib is a highly selective tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitor with efficacy in children with TRK fusion tumors. We evaluated patient outcomes after elective discontinuation of larotrectinib in the absence of disease progression in a protocol-defined wait-and-see subset analysis of eligible patients where treatment resumption with larotrectinib was allowed if disease progressed. We also assessed the safety and efficacy of larotrectinib in all pediatric patients with sarcoma.

Ciliary Body Medulloepithelioma: Clinical and Pathologic Challenges with a Focus on Molecular Genetics.

Objective: Ciliary body medulloepithelioma (CBME), a pediatric intraocular tumor with potential for locally aggressive behavior and metastasis, may present with a diverse spectrum of clinical and histopathologic features leading to diagnostic and management challenges. Examination of unusual CBME cases highlights challenges and modern diagnostic techniques which facilitate accurate diagnosis and guide management.

Methods: A retrospective clinicopathologic analysis of 6 patients with unusual clinical or pathologic features of CBME was performed.

Investigation of Genomic and Transcriptomic Risk Factors of Clopidogrel Response in African Americans.

Clopidogrel, an anti-platelet drug, is used to prevent thrombosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Clopidogrel resistance results in recurring ischemic events, with African Americans (AA) suffering disproportionately. The aim of this study was to discover novel biomarkers of clopidogrel resistance in African Americans using genome and transcriptome data.

Evaluating the Impact of a Safe Exercise Training on Clinician Knowledge and Self-Efficacy in Managing Dysfunctional Exercise in an Eating Disorder Treatment Setting.

Introduction: Dysfunctional exercise (DEX) is common among individuals with an eating disorder (ED) and poses significant challenges to treatment and recovery. While safe and nutritionally supported physical activity can enhance treatment outcomes without hindering weight restoration, clinicians often hesitate to address DEX with their patients. This mixed-method study aimed to evaluate the impact of a Safe Exercise at Every Stage (SEES) informed training on clinician knowledge and self-efficacy in managing DEX during ED treatment.

Cricoid chondroma presenting as upper airway obstruction: A report of a rare case.

Laryngeal chondroma is a very rare laryngeal tumor that commonly presents as dysphonia and dyspnea. A combination of clinical, histological, and radiological data has paramount importance for accurate diagnosis of this rare disease. It is difficult to differentiate laryngeal chondroma from chondrosarcoma solely based on radiological imaging; therefore, radiologists need to specify the origin of the tumor and the level of extension.

Clinical, immunophenotypic, and genomic findings of acute myeloid leukemia with RAM immunophenotype: Comparison with other CD56-positive acute leukemias.

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with RAM immunophenotype is a newly recognized high-risk AML immunophenotypic subcategory characterized by blasts with bright expression of CD56 and weak to absent expression of CD45, HLA-DR, and CD38, as first described by the Children's Oncology Group (COG). The relationship between AML-RAM and other CD56-positive acute leukemias is unclear. The goal of this study is to characterize the clinicopathological characteristics of AML with RAM phenotype and compare them with other CD56 co-expressing acute leukemias.

Characterizing the fecal microbiome in patients on the ketogenic diet for drug resistant epilepsy.

Background: The ketogenic diet is a dietary therapy with anti-seizure effects. The efficacy of the diet is variable, with initial animal studies suggesting the intestinal microbiome may have a modulating effect. Initial research on the role of the human microbiome in pediatric epilepsy management has been inconclusive.

Validation of the Postnatal Growth and Retinopathy of Prematurity (G-ROP) criteria in a Slovene cohort.

Purpose To validate the Postnatal Growth and ROP (G-ROP) study criteria for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening in a Slovenian cohort. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of preterm infants screened in 2021 at the University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia. The G-ROP criteria were systematically applied.

Knowledge and attitudes of school nurses in caring for sexual and gender minority youth: A national survey.

Background: School nurses (SNs) can play important roles in the health of sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth, yet little is known about their knowledge and attitudes toward this population.

Purpose: To understand SNs' knowledge and attitudes in caring for SGM youth across the United States.

Methods: We designed and disseminated the School Nurses and LGBTQ Youth online survey in May 2023 to U.

A Pilot Study on the Freelisting Method Among Adolescents with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Feasibility, Acceptability and Study Findings.

: To assess the feasibility and acceptability of freelisting for adolescents with chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) and use freelisting to identify how adolescents with CMP cope with pain. : This was a mixed-methods cross-sectional single-center study of patients 12-18 years old, diagnosed with CMP. Twenty-seven subjects participated in an interview which included the freelisting exercise, probing questions, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 10-item, and semi-structured interview.

Antibiotic exposure is associated with minimal gut microbiome perturbations in healthy term infants.

Background: The evolving infant gut microbiome influences host immune development and later health outcomes. Early antibiotic exposure could impact microbiome development and contribute to poor outcomes. Here, we use a prospective longitudinal birth cohort of n = 323 healthy term African American children to determine the association between antibiotic exposure and the gut microbiome through shotgun metagenomics sequencing as well as bile acid profiles through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

A randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial of ketamine in Rett syndrome.

Background: Preclinical studies and anecdotal case reports support the potential therapeutic benefit of low-dose oral ketamine as a treatment of clinical symptoms in Rett syndrome (RTT); however, no controlled studies have been conducted in RTT to evaluate safety, tolerability and efficacy.

Design: This was a sequentially initiated, dose-escalating cohort, placebo-controlled, double blind, randomized sequence, cross-over study of oral ketamine in 6-12-year-old girls with RTT to evaluate short-term safety and tolerability and explore efficacy.

Methods: Participants were randomized to either five days treatment with oral ketamine or matched placebo, followed by a nine-day wash-out period and then crossed-over to the opposite treatment.

Accuracy of GFAP and UCH-L1 in predicting brain abnormalities on CT scans after mild traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In recent years, blood biomarkers including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) have shown a promising ability to detect head CT abnormalities following TBI. This review aims to combine the existing research on GFAP and UCH-L1 biomarkers and examine how well they can predict abnormal CT results after mild TBI.

V3+ extends the V3 framework to ensure user-centricity and scalability of sensor-based digital health technologies.

We propose the addition of usability validation to the extended V3 framework, now "V3+", and describe a pragmatic approach to ensuring that sensor-based digital health technologies can be used optimally at scale by diverse users. Alongside the original V3 components (verification; analytical validation; clinical validation), usability validation will ensure user-centricity of digital measurement tools, paving the way for more inclusive, reliable, and trustworthy digital measures within clinical research and clinical care.

Systematic dissection of pleiotropic loci and critical regulons in excitatory neurons and microglia relevant to neuropsychiatric and ocular diseases.

Advancements in single-cell multimodal techniques have greatly enhanced our understanding of disease-relevant loci identified through genome-wide association studies (GWASs). To investigate the biological connections between the eye and brain, we integrated bulk and single-cell multiomic profiles with GWAS summary statistics for eight neuropsychiatric and five ocular diseases. Our analysis uncovered five latent factors explaining 61.

The Relationship Between Hispanic Ethnicity and Outcomes for Infants Born Extremely Preterm.

Objective: To characterize the association between maternal ethnicity and infant survival to discharge without major morbidity.

Study Design: This is secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of infants born <27 weeks of gestation at NICHD Neonatal Research Network centers from 2006 through 2020. The primary outcome was survival to discharge without major morbidity (sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia grade 3, intracranial hemorrhage grade ≥3, periventricular leukomalacia, and advanced retinopathy of prematurity).

The influence of patient gender on exercise prescription in ACL reconstruction rehabilitation.

Objective: To assess differences in physical therapists' exercise prescription and confidence in return-to-sport readiness between girl and boy patients undergoing rehabilitation post-ACLR.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Methods: 115 physical therapist responses were collected in an electronic survey.

Paediatric strategy forum for medicinal product development in diffuse midline gliomas in children and adolescents ACCELERATE in collaboration with the European Medicines Agency with participation of the Food and Drug Administration.

Fewer than 10 % of children with diffuse midline glioma (DMG) survive 2 years from diagnosis. Radiation therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment and there are no medicinal products with regulatory approval. Although the biology of DMG is better characterized, this has not yet translated into effective treatments.

Childbearing plans' predictive value for birth outcomes: A systematic review to inform mode of delivery decisions.

Objective: Rising cesarean delivery (CD) rates significantly impact maternal health, underscoring the need for comprehensive counseling. This review examines the consistency of childbearing plans over time and their predictive value for childbirth events.

Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases up to October 2023.

Neuroendoscopic lavage for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity: preliminary results at a single institution in the United States.

Objective: The current neurosurgical treatment for intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) of prematurity resulting in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) seeks to reduce intracranial pressure with temporary and then permanent CSF diversion. In contrast, neuroendoscopic lavage (NEL) directly addresses the intraventricular blood that is hypothesized to damage the ependyma and parenchyma, leading to ventricular dilation and hydrocephalus. The authors sought to determine the feasibility of NEL in PHH.