Disparities in Surgical Intervention in Pediatric Patients With Submucous Cleft Palate and Velopharyngeal Dysfunction.

Objective: To evaluate factors impacting access to and timing of surgery in patients with submucous cleft palate (SMCP) and velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD).

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Single academic medical center.

SLC35A2 loss of function variants affect glycomic signatures, neuronal fate, and network dynamics.

encodes a UDP-galactose transporter essential for glycosylation of proteins and galactosylation of lipids and glycosaminoglycans. Germline genetic variants have been identified in congenital disorders of glycosylation and somatic variants have been linked to intractable epilepsy associated with malformations of cortical development. However, the functional consequences of these pathogenic variants on brain development and network integrity remain elusive.

A Longitudinal Exploration of -Related Hemiplegic Migraine in Children Using Electronic Medical Records.

Background And Objectives: Since the initial description of related hemiplegic migraine (HM), the phenotypic spectrum has expanded from mild episodes in neurotypical individuals to potentially life-threatening events frequently seen in individuals with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. However, the overall longitudinal course throughout childhood remains unknown.

Methods: We analyzed HM and seizure history from electronic medical records in individuals with -related HM, delineating frequency and severity of events in monthly increments through a standardized approach.

Co-occurring Psychopathology in Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Differences by Sex in the ECHO Cohorts.

Purpose: Our goals were to: 1) examine the occurrence of behavioral and emotional symptoms in children on the autism spectrum in a large national sample, stratifying by sex, and 2) evaluate whether children with increased autism-related social communication deficits also experience more behavioral and emotional problems.

Methods:  Participants (n = 7,998) were from 37 cohorts from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program. Cross-sectional information on demographic factors, parent-report of an ASD diagnosis by clinician, Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores, and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores were obtained for children aged 2.

Identifying fatal poisonings using child fatality review, poison centre and death certificate data in the USA.

Background: Three sources used for poisoning surveillance-child fatality reviews (CFRs), poison centre (PC) calls and death certificates-employ disparate data methodologies. Our study objectives were to (1) characterise the number of fatalities captured by CFRs and PC data compared with death certificates by age and (2) compare demographic and substance characteristics of fatalities captured by the three sources.

Methods: We acquired CFR data from the National Fatality Review-Case Reporting System (NFR-CRS), PC calls from the National Poison Data System (NPDS) and death certificate data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) on poisoning fatalities among children 0-17 years old between 2005 and 2020.

Novel Insights Into Gyrate Atrophy of the Choroid and Retina (GACR): A Cohort Study.

Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina (GACR, OMIM #258870) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder characterized by progressive chorioretinal degeneration and hyperornithinemia. Current therapeutic modalities potentially slow disease progression but are not successful in preventing blindness. To allow for trial development, increased knowledge of the clinical phenotype and current therapeutic outcomes is required.

Frequency and Distribution of Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke in a Cohort of Patients With Cerebral Palsy Using Delayed MRI.

Purpose: This study examined the occurrence and MRI characteristics of perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and suspected term hypoxic-ischemic injury (HII).

Methods: A retrospective review of brain MRI scans was conducted on children with CP and suspected term HII in South Africa.

Results: Out of 1620 children with CP included in the study, 15 (0.

User-centered adaption of , A novel mhealth application integrating medication reminders with virtual peer support and social/financial incentives to improve medication adherence.

Youth living with HIV (YLWH) have high rates of virologic failure due to medication non-adherence. is a novel, gamified mobile health (mHealth) application designed with user-centered principles to improve medication adherence by integrating medication reminders with social and financial incentives, virtual peer social support and early clinic outreach for non-adherent YLWH in Nigeria. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted to identify reactions to key prototype features (user interface, medication reminders, incentives, and peer support), facilitators and barriers to app use, and how well the app would meet adherence needs.

Amblyopia screening: the current state and opportunities for optimization.

Introduction: Amblyopia, the leading cause of monocular childhood vision loss, affects millions and is projected to increase. Early detection and treatment are crucial for preventing vision impairment.

Areas Covered: This commentary reviews the current state and opportunities for improvement in amblyopia screening strategy and technology focused primarily within the United States.

Mutation in and a Variant Linked to a Severe Sporadic Infant Dilated Cardiomyopathy Case.

Structural or electrophysiologic cardiac anomalies may compromise cardiac function, leading to sudden cardiac death (SCD). Genetic screening of families with severe cardiomyopathies underlines the role of genetic variations in cardiac-specific genes. The present study details the clinical and genetic characterization of a malignant dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) case in a 1-year-old Mexican child who presented a severe left ventricular dilation and dysfunction that led to SCD.

Ectopic Thymic Tissue Presenting as an Epiglottic Mass Compromising a Neonatal Airway: A Case Report.

An epiglottic mass (EM) is rarely found in neonates and poses life-threatening airway complications. We present the case of an infant urgently transferred from Belize via the World Pediatric Project with a lingual EM. The EM was misdiagnosed twice.

Genetic Associations Among Inflammation, White Matter Architecture, and Extracellular Free Water.

Phenotypic and genetic relationships between white matter microstructure (i.e., fractional anisotropy [FA]) and peripheral inflammatory responses (i.

Factors Associated with Participation Patterns of Young Brazilian Children with Myelomeningocele.

Aims: To describe participation patterns and identify factors associated with participation of young Brazilian children with myelomeningocele (MMC) in their home, daycare/preschool, and community settings.

Methods: The participants were parents/caregivers of 70 children with MMC, averaging 26.7 (±17.

A Bundled, Practice-Based Intervention to Increase HPV Vaccination.

Background And Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates are suboptimal, and missed vaccination opportunities are common. We hypothesized that a bundled intervention improves missed HPV vaccination opportunities.

Methods: We used a pre-post design to assess differences in HPV vaccine missed opportunities (visits when vaccine-eligible adolescents are not vaccinated).

Medical & Socioeconomic Risk Factors Associated with Lack of Neurodevelopmental Evaluation Following Neonatal Cardiac Surgery.

Neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) who undergo cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are at high-risk for unfavorable neurodevelopmental (ND) outcomes and are recommended for ND evaluation (NDE); however, poor rates have been reported. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with lack of NDE. This single-center retrospective observational study included neonates < 30 days old who underwent CPB and survived to discharge between 2012 and 2018.

Improved Patient-Reported Outcomes With Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide: A Quality-of-Life Evaluation and 2-Year Outcomes of BMT CTN 1703.

The BMT CTN 1703 phase III trial confirmed that graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy), tacrolimus (Tac), and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) results in superior GVHD-free, relapse-free survival (GRFS) compared with Tac/methotrexate (MTX) prophylaxis. This companion study assesses the effect of these regimens on patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Using the Lee Chronic GVHD Symptom Score and PROMIS subscales (physical function, GI symptoms, social role satisfaction) as primary end points and hemorrhagic cystitis symptoms and Lee subscales as secondary end points, responses from English and Spanish speakers were analyzed at baseline and days 100, 180, and 365 after transplant.

The American Clinical Neurophysiology Society Guideline on Indications for Continuous Electroencephalography Monitoring in Neonates.

Purpose: Continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring is increasingly used in the management of neonates with seizures. There remains debate on what clinically relevant information can be gained from cEEG in neonates with suspected seizures, at high risk for seizures, or with definite seizures, as well as the use of cEEG for prognosis in a variety of conditions. In this guideline, we address these questions using American Clinical Neurophysiology Society structured methodology for clinical guideline development.