Evaluating barriers and facilitators to healthcare providers' use of an emergency department electronic referral portal for high-risk children with asthma using the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Objective: Urban children with asthma are at risk for frequent emergency department (ED) visits and suboptimal asthma management. ED visits provide an opportunity for referrals to community-based asthma management services. Electronic medical record-based referral portals have been shown to improve quality of care but use of these portals by healthcare providers (HCPs) is variable.

Early Diagnosis of Acute Myocarditis or Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Children Younger Than 2 Years.

Objective: Diagnosis of acute myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) on initial presentation is difficult in children younger than 2 years because most present with complaints suggestive of a respiratory infection. The objective of this study is to determine whether signs, symptoms, and diagnostic studies excluding those of heart failure, done routinely in the emergency department could distinguish children younger than 2 years with acute myocarditis or DCM from those with respiratory illnesses.

Methods: Sixty-four infants' charts, 32 cases and 32 controls, were reviewed from January 1, 2009, through December 31, 2020.

Factors Associated With COVID-19 Non-vaccination in Adolescents Hospitalized Without COVID-19.

Background: Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine received emergency use authorization for persons ≥ 16 years in December 2020 and for adolescents 12-15 years in May 2021. Despite the clear benefits and favorable safety profile, vaccine uptake in adolescents has been suboptimal. We sought to assess factors associated with COVID-19 non-vaccination in adolescents 12-18 years of age.

Factors Predisposing to Post Dural Puncture Headache in Children.

Background: Knowledge of the factors that predispose to postdural puncture headache in children may help reduce the occurrence of this complication.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort study of children who presented to the study institution between 2010 and 2018 was conducted. Children were divided into 2 groups: those who experienced postdural puncture headache and those who did not.

Urinary Tract Infection in Febrile Children with Sickle Cell Disease Who Present to the Emergency Room with Fever.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients are thought to be at higher risk for urinary tract infections (UTIs) compared to the general population secondary to increased sickling, abnormal urinary acidification, and an inability to concentrate the urine. The incidence of UTI in febrile children with SCD in the United States is unknown. Our objectives were to determine the rate of UTI among febrile SCD children and describe the risk factors for UTI in this population.

Ibuprofen attenuates cardiopulmonary dysfunction by modifying vascular tone in endotoxemia.

Ibuprofen, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, improves pulmonary and cardiovascular injury in endotoxemia. We studied the mechanism of the beneficial effects of ibuprofen in relation to production of inflammatory mediators which influence vascular tone in endotoxemia. Rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) control, (2) endotoxemia alone; and (3) ibuprofen pretreatment and endotoxemia.

Protective effects of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor and continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration in rat endotoxic shock.

We determined the efficacy of continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH) and a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (TSI) on survival and their effect on TXA2, PGI2, TNF alpha, and IL-1beta production in rat endotoxemia. Thirty-six endotoxemic rats were randomized to one of 4 groups: (A) no TSI, sham CAVH; (B) no TSI, CAVH; (C) TSI, sham CAVH; and (D) TSI, CAVH. Either CAVH (Group B) or pretreatment with TSI (Group C) resulted in increased survival time.