Exploring the Chemical Features and Biomedical Relevance of Cell-Penetrating Peptides.

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a diverse group of peptides, typically composed of 4 to 40 amino acids, known for their unique ability to transport a wide range of substances-such as small molecules, plasmid DNA, small interfering RNA, proteins, viruses, and nanoparticles-across cellular membranes while preserving the integrity of the cargo. CPPs exhibit passive and non-selective behavior, often requiring functionalization or chemical modification to enhance their specificity and efficacy. The precise mechanisms governing the cellular uptake of CPPs remain ambiguous; however, electrostatic interactions between positively charged amino acids and negatively charged glycosaminoglycans on the membrane, particularly heparan sulfate proteoglycans, are considered the initial crucial step for CPP uptake.

Cancer-Targeting Applications of Cell-Penetrating Peptides.

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) offer a unique and efficient mechanism for delivering therapeutic agents directly into cancer cells. These peptides can traverse cellular membranes, overcoming one of the critical barriers in drug delivery systems. In this review, we explore recent advancements in the application of CPPs for cancer treatment, focusing on mechanisms, delivery strategies, and clinical potential.

Mutation in and a Variant Linked to a Severe Sporadic Infant Dilated Cardiomyopathy Case.

Structural or electrophysiologic cardiac anomalies may compromise cardiac function, leading to sudden cardiac death (SCD). Genetic screening of families with severe cardiomyopathies underlines the role of genetic variations in cardiac-specific genes. The present study details the clinical and genetic characterization of a malignant dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) case in a 1-year-old Mexican child who presented a severe left ventricular dilation and dysfunction that led to SCD.

ZIC1 is a context-dependent medulloblastoma driver in the rhombic lip.

Transcription factors are frequent cancer driver genes, exhibiting noted specificity based on the precise cell of origin. We demonstrate that ZIC1 exhibits loss-of-function (LOF) somatic events in group 4 (G4) medulloblastoma through recurrent point mutations, subchromosomal deletions and mono-allelic epigenetic repression (60% of G4 medulloblastoma). In contrast, highly similar SHH medulloblastoma exhibits distinct and diametrically opposed gain-of-function mutations and copy number gains (20% of SHH medulloblastoma).

Impact of social determinants of health on the outcomes of Latin American children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C).

Importance: There is growing understanding that Social Determinants of Health (SDH) impact on the outcomes of different pediatric conditions. We aimed to determine whether SDH affect the severity of MIS-C.

Design: Retrospective cohort study, 2021-2023.

A Point Prevalence Survey of Antimicrobial Use in Second-Level Mexican Hospitals: A Multicenter Study.

In 2018, the WHO published a methodology for conducting a point prevalence survey (PPS) of antibiotic use in hospitals. The aim of this study is to report the use of antibiotics in six second-level hospitals in Mexico using this methodology. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study based on the 2021-2023 adaptation for Latin American hospitals was conducted in internal medicine, surgery, intensive care unit (ICU), obstetrics and gynecology and pediatrics departments of the IMSS in the western region of the state of Mexico.

Global change, climate change, and asthma in children: Direct and indirect effects - A WAO Pediatric Asthma Committee Report.

The twenty-first century has seen a fundamental shift in disease epidemiology with anthropogenic environmental change emerging as the likely dominant factor affecting the distribution and severity of current and future human disease. This is especially true of allergic diseases and asthma with their intimate relationship with the natural environment. Climate change-related variables including increased ambient temperature, heat waves, extreme weather events, air pollution, and rainfall distribution, all can affect asthma in children, but each of these variables also affects asthma via alterations in pollen production and release, outdoor allergen exposure or the microbiome.

Overall manifestations and survival of pediatric patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. A middle-income country (mic) national multicenter study.

Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare neoplastic disease characterized by clonal proliferation of den-dritic cells. It is Mexico's ninth most frequent malignancy in patients under 18 years of age. The aim of the study was to determine the clinical characteristics, treatment, and survival of Mexican pediatric patients diagnosed with LCH treated from January 2010 to December 2018.

Macrophage Activation Syndrome in MIS-C.

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) represents a diagnostic challenge because of its overlap with Kawasaki disease, Kawasaki disease shock syndrome, and toxic shock syndrome. Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a frequently fatal complication of various pediatric inflammatory disorders and has been reported in MIS-C. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation by immune modulating therapies are essential for effectively managing MAS.

Significant challenges to translating breakthrough science in Mexico.

Translational medicine is crucial for addressing health issues and translating research findings to improve population health. This Science and Society article highlights the potential of translational medicine in Mexico. It discusses the obstacles and challenges encountered in the translation process, instilling a sense of optimism for the future of healthcare in Mexico.

Transition to Enteral Triazole Antifungal Therapy for Pediatric Invasive Candidiasis: Secondary Analysis of a Multicenter Cohort Study Conducted by the Pediatric Fungal Network.

Of 319 children with invasive candidiasis, 67 (21%) transitioned from intravenous to enteral antifungal therapy. Eight (12%) transitioned back to intravenous antifungal therapy, one due to perceived treatment failure defined by clinical progression or worsening. Global treatment response at study completion was successful in 66 participants who transitioned to enteral therapy.

Seasonal Differences of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Children and Adolescents from Mexico City and Metropolitan Area.

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with bone metabolism and immune disorders. Radiation's seasonal variation affects vitamin D status more at the poles. In Mexico, near the equator, there have been reports of 10-20% vitamin D deficiency in children.

Liver magnetic resonance imaging, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome risk in pre-pubertal Mexican boys.

Rising global pediatric obesity rates, increase non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence, with MetS being a NAFLD risk factor. NAFLD can be asymptomatic, with liver function tests insensitive to mild disease, and liver biopsy, risking complications. Thus, we investigated multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) metrics of liver fat (proton density fat fraction, PDFF) and disease activity (fibro-inflammation; iron-corrected T1, cT1), in a Hispanic pre-pubertal pediatric cohort, with increased risk of NAFLD.

Reference Range of Quantitative MRI Metrics Corrected T1 and Liver Fat Content in Children and Young Adults: Pooled Participant Analysis.

Background: Multiparametric MRI markers of liver health corrected T1 (cT1) and proton density fat fraction (PDFF) have shown utility in the management of various chronic liver diseases. We assessed the normal population reference range of both cT1 and PDFF in healthy child and adult volunteers without any known liver disease.

Methods: A retrospective multi-centre pooled analysis of 102 child and young adult (9.

Cardiometabolic factors and vitamin D deficiency in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Up to 80% of patients with CKD may exhibit inadequate vitamin D (VD) levels, which have been linked to the presence of cardiometabolic factors (CFs) in the adult population. However, research on this association in the pediatric population is limited.

Synergistic Effect between the Allele with Genetic Variants of and : Differential Profile between Refractory Epilepsy and Alzheimer Disease.

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent focal seizures originating in the temporal lobe. Despite the variety of antiseizure drugs currently available to treat TLE, about 30% of cases continue to have seizures. The etiology of TLE is complex and multifactorial.

Identification of potential new T cell activation molecules: a Bioinformatic Approach.

T-cell activation is central for the initiation of T cell mediated adaptive immune response and is the result of the close communication between the Antigen Presenting Cell (APC) and the T lymphocyte. Although T-cell activation is currently well understood, and many intracellular pathways are well characterized, nevertheless new players are constantly identified, and this complements the known protein interactome. In this work we aimed to identify new proteins involved in T cell activation.