Efficacy of Infrared Vein Visualization versus Standard Technique for Peripheral Venous Cannulation in Infant and Toddler Populations: A Randomized Study.

Establishing intravenous (IV) access in younger patient populations via the traditional cannulation technique for procedures requiring anesthesia is often challenging. Infrared (IR) vein visualization is a modality that aids venous cannulation; however, few reports of this technique exist in the infant and toddler population. The primary aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of IR vein visualization to the standard cannulation technique for obtaining peripheral IV access in infant and toddler populations.

Decreased Cerebral Oxygenation in Premature Infants with Progressive Posthemorrhagic Ventricular Dilatation May Help with Timing of Intervention.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the degree of progressive posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) that is associated with a significant decrease in regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO) in premature infants at risk for periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH).

Study Design: Cranial ultrasound (US) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements of rScO were performed on inborn infants with birth weights less than 1,250 g on admission and at 1, 4, and 8 weeks of age. Infants with severe PIVH were studied weekly.

HIV post-exposure prophylaxis in the emergency department: An updated assessment and opportunities for HIV prevention identified.

Objectives: Research suggests nonoccupational post exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) is under prescribed for people seeking treatment within 72 h of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposures in the emergency department (ED). This study is an assessment of ED prescribers' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding administration of HIV nPEP.

Methods: This was an anonymous survey based on literature review and modified Delphi technique.

Pediatric peritonsillar abscess: an overview.

Peristonsillar abscess (PTA) is a common deep neck space infection in children. Children with PTA often present with sore throat, dysphagia, peritonsillar bulge, uvular deviation, trismus, and a muffled voice. The diagnosis of PTA can be made based on history and physical examination in the majority of children.

Complications in pediatric deep neck space abscesses.

Objectives: To determine the incidence and demographic profile of children who develop complications from deep neck space abscess.

Study Design: Case series.

Setting: Tertiary children's hospital.

Outcome of pregnancy in women with a history of vesico-ureteric reflux.

Objectives: To review the evidence relating to the outcome of pregnancy in women with vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR) or a previous history of VUR and to identify the factors contributing to morbidity in pregnancy, with particular emphasis on the role of renal scarring.

Methods: Searches were carried out in Medline, Pubmed and MD Consult using various combinations of the keywords including: vesicoureteral reflux and pregnancy, maternal vesicoureteral reflux, vesicoureteral reflux in adulthood, reflux nephropathy and pregnancy. All data quoted in this review are from original articles.

The Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum correction.

Pectus excavatum is an anterior chest wall deformity that now can be corrected with a minimally invasive technique known as the Nuss procedure. Patient criteria and assessment for this new surgical procedure are defined clearly in advance to ensure the need for surgical intervention. A multidisciplinary team approach has been established at Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, Va.

The effect of exercise on the atrial electrogram voltage in young patients.

Atrial electrogram sensing is an important function in active individuals with permanently implanted bipolar dual chamber pacing systems. We undertook to determine the effect of vigorous exercise on the atrial electrogram size in 11 children and young adults (average age 12 years). Using a telemetry signal through a handheld programming wand, nine tracings were completely and clearly recorded for analysis.