Digital interventions for autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Importance: Digital technology is now widely available for the interventions of autism, but its validity and feasibility remain to be proved.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of digital health interventions (DHIs) in improving core symptoms or intelligence quotient in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods: Three databases including PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus, were searched on November 15, 2022.

Contextual Triggers and Tic Severity Across Life Periods: A Retrospective Analysis in Adults with Tic Disorders.

In tic disorders (TD), tic expression varies across the lifespan and as a function of contextual factors. This study explored connections between tic expression and contextual triggers across life periods in 74 adults (M = 23.2) with TDs.

Age-related morphological change in bony segment and cartilage segment of Eustachian tube.

Background: Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) is the predominant cause of otitis media with effusion in children and adults. Balloon dilatation of the Eustachian tube (BDET) provides a new method for restoring the ventilatory function of Eustachian tube (ET). However, the differences in age-related morphological changes in the dimensions and positions of ET in children and adults are unclear.

Assessing pediatric anesthesia outcomes and prognostic factors: a comparative study of ketamine vs. ketamine + propofol.

To investigate the anesthesia outcomes of ketamine and propofol in pediatric anesthesia and analyze associated prognostic factors. A retrospective study was conducted on 160 children who underwent anesthesia and operation in Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2020 to 2022. The anesthesia outcomes was analyzed by comparing the blood oxygen saturation (SpO), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) at before (T), during (T) and after (T) operations, recovery time after anesthesia, post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay, adverse reactions, as well as the Steward and FLACC scores between the control and research groups.

Biologics and oral small-molecule inhibitors for treatment of pediatric atopic dermatitis: Opportunities and challenges.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex disease characterized by recurrent eczematous lesions and refractory pruritus that drastically impairs quality of life. Due to the chronic and relapsing course, patients are easily trapped in the debilitating condition. Classical therapies show limitations, especially for patients with moderate-to-severe phenotypes.

Temporal bone CT-based deep learning models for differential diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia related otitis media and simple otitis media with effusion.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of deep learning (DL) in differentiating otitis media (OM) caused by otitis media with effusion (OME) and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), so as to provide reference for early intervention.

Methods: From January 2010 to January 2021, 31 patients with PCD who had temporal bone computed tomography (TBCT) in the Children's Hospital of Fudan University were retrospectively analyzed. Another 30 age-matched cases of OME with TBCT were collected as the control group.

Molecular targeted therapies for pediatric atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors.

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs) are lethal central nervous system tumors, which are primarily diagnosed in infants. Current treatments for AT/RTs include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy; these treatments have poor prognoses and challenging side effects. The pivotal genetic event in AT/RT pathogenesis comprises the inactivation of or .

AIE-active luminogens as highly efficient free-radical ROS photogenerator for image-guided photodynamic therapy.

Image-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) can realize highly precise and effective therapy the integration of imaging and therapy, and has created high requirements for photosensitizers. However, the PDT modality usually utilizes conventional type II photosensitizers, resulting in unsatisfactory imaging and therapeutic outcomes due to aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), "always on" fluorescence and strong oxygen dependence. Herein, we report the type I-based aggregation-induced emission (AIE) photosensitizer TCM-CPS with low oxygen dependence, near-infrared (NIR) emission and "off-on" fluorescence; in particular, it produces more reactive oxygen species (ROS) than commercially available Chlorin e6 and Rose Bengal.

Peripheral blood lymphocyte counts in patients with infectious mononucleosis or chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection and prognostic risk factors of chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection.

Objective: To explore the peripheral blood lymphocyte counts and analyze the prognostic risk factors for the death in patients with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) infection.

Methods: Clinical data of 64 patients infected with CAEBV (CAEBV group) and 64 patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM group) in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Meanwhile, 64 healthy individuals came for physical examination were enrolled in the control group.

Prevention strategies of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection caused by mother-to-child transmission (MTCT, also known as vertical transmission) during the perinatal period is a major public health problem worldwide. Despite the availability of the combined active-passive immunization with a hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin after birth, about 9% of newborns are still infected with HBV, especially those born to hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive mothers. Currently, the management of HBV infection during pregnancy remains controversial.

Screening for primary immunodeficiency diseases by next-generation sequencing in early life.

Objective: We aimed to use next-generation sequencing (NGS) for the early diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) and define its effects on medical management for an infant cohort in early life.

Methods: A single-centre study was conducted from November 2015 to April 2018. Infants less than 3 months old with infections or abnormal white blood cell counts were enrolled in the study.

Birth population survey in Huai'an in 2015: perinatal-neonatal mortality and preterm birth rate in emerging regions in China.

This survey followed the birth population-based study conducted in 2010 in Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, with the aim to estimate perinatal-neonatal mortality and preterm birth rate in emerging regions with similar maternal-fetal and neonatal care conditions in China. Data of total births in 2015 were prospectively collected by regional perinatal network collaboration in Huai'an, a subprovincial region with a population of 5,644,500 and gross domestic production of 9082 USD . The 59,424 birth registries (including 59,023 live births and 167 stillbirths) corresponded to a birth rate of 10.

Early onset developmental delay and epilepsy in pediatric patients with WDR45 variants.

Background: Developmental delay (DD) is a neurological disorder that presents with defects in gross motor, fine motor, language and cognition functions. WD repeat domain 45 (WDR45) is one of the disease-causing genes of DD. Previously, WDR45 de novo mutations were reported in certain adult and pediatric patients due to iron accumulation.

MiT family translocation renal cell carcinoma after malignant infantile osteopetrosis in childhood: a case report.

Malignant infantile osteopetrosis (MIOP) is a rare inherited bone metabolism disorder characterized by increased bone mineral density (BMD) and abnormal hematopoiesis. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is currently the only curative therapy for MIOP. However, a higher risk of secondary malignancy occurs in children previously exposed to cytotoxic drugs.

Histological changes of non-Peutz-Jegher syndrome associated ovarian sex cord tumor with annular tubules in childhood.

Ovarian sex cord stromal tumor is a relatively rare subtype of ovarian neoplasms, consisting of only 8% of all primary ovarian neoplasms, among which sex cord tumor with annular tubules (SCTAT) accounts for only 6% of sex cord stromal tumors. The majority of patients with SCTAT are women at reproductive age. Roughly one-third of the patients have Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), and in cases without PJS, about 15%-20% SCTAT tend to be clinical malignant.

Hypomethylation and decreased expression of BRG1 in the myocardium of patients with congenital heart disease.

Background: BRG1, an ATPase subunit of the SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable complex, is tightly associated with cardiac development. However, little is known about the association between the pathogenesis of CHD and BRG1.

Methods: The methylation of a BRG1 promoter and a novel CpG island in the second intron was analyzed in the myocardium of congenital heart disease (CHD) patients (n = 24) and normal controls (n = 11) using pyrosequencing and the MassARRAY platform.

Social Preference Deficits in Juvenile Zebrafish Induced by Early Chronic Exposure to Sodium Valproate.

Prenatal exposure to sodium valproate (VPA), a widely used anti-epileptic drug, is related to a series of dysfunctions, such as deficits in language and communication. Clinical and animal studies have indicated that the effects of VPA are related to the concentration and to the exposure window, while the neurobehavioral effects of VPA have received limited research attention. In the current study, to analyze the neurobehavioral effects of VPA, zebrafish at 24 h post-fertilization (hpf) were treated with early chronic exposure to 20 μM VPA for 7 h per day for 6 days or with early acute exposure to 100 μM VPA for 7 h.

Dexmedetomidine alleviates postoperative cognitive dysfunction by inhibiting neuron excitation in aged rats.

The perioperative stress response is one of the factors leading to postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Dexmedetomidine (Dex) can reduce the stress response and hippocampus neuroapoptosis, but its mechanism of action on POCD remains unknown. This study investigated the protective effect and possible mechanism of Dex on POCD in aged rats.

Uncovering the molecular pathogenesis of congenital hyperinsulinism by panel gene sequencing in 32 Chinese patients.

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) has been mostly associated with mutations in seven major genes. We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of 32 patients with CHI. Extensive mutational analysis (ABCC8,KCNJ11,GCK,GLUD1,HADH,HNF4A, and UCP2) was performed on Ion torrent platform, which could analyze hundreds of genes simultaneously with ultrahigh-multiplex PCR using up to 6144 primer pairs in a single primer pool and address time-sensitive samples with single-day assays, from samples to annotated variants, to identify the genetic etiology of this disease.