Microbial diversity and environmental determinants at Shanghai Hongqiao railway station: A comprehensive microbial assessment.

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of indoor environmental management in transportation hubs, which are critical for pathogen transmission due to high foot traffic. However, research has primarily focused on subways, with limited studies on train stations. In this study, samples were collected at the Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station in winter, spring, and summer.

Association between air pollution and hospitalization for acute exacerbation of kidney failure: A nationwide time-stratified case-crossover study in China.

Background: Air pollution is a potential risk factor for kidney disease; however, the impact on kidney failure exacerbation is underexplored. This study assessed the short-term effects of air pollution on hospitalization for kidney failure exacerbation.

Methods: This nationwide, time-stratified, case-crossover study included 45,249 hospitalized patients with kidney failure from 153 hospitals in 20 Chinese provinces between 2013 and 2020.

Deciphering the temporal transcriptional landscape of human fetal leptomeninges.

The leptomeninges play a pivotal role in the central nervous system (CNS), serving both as a barrier and as a conduit for fluid and cellular transport. Despite their critical functions, our understanding of leptomeningeal development and maturation during human embryogenesis remains limited. This study seeks to bridge this gap.

Clinical and genetic characteristics of 40 patients with nonmuscle myosin heavy chain 9-related disease (MYH9-RD) misdiagnosed as immune thrombocytopenia: a retrospective analysis in China.

Background: Myosin heavy chain 9-related diseases (MYH9-RDs) are rare autosomal dominant platelet disorders characterized by macrothrombocytopenia and leukocyte inclusion bodies. They can manifest with nonhematological complications, including deafness, nephropathy, or cataracts. Due to its rarity and its similar clinical presentation with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), MYH9-RD is often misdiagnosed as ITP, leading to inappropriate treatment and delayed management of complications.

Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial on the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Modified-Release Methylphenidate (MPH-MR) in Chinese Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Background And Objectives: The efficacy and safety of modified-release methylphenidate (MPH-MR) in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been shown in both pediatric and adult Caucasian patients. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of MPH-MR in Chinese children and adolescents with ADHD.

Methods: MICCA was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at 19 sites in China from September 2018 to July 2021.

A Supramolecular Deferoxamine-Crisaborole Nanoparticle Targets Ferroptosis, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in the Treatment of Retinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.

Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a major cause of vision loss worldwide, with ferroptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation playing key roles in its pathogenesis. Currently, treatments targeting multiple aspects of this condition are limited. This study introduces a supramolecular nanoparticle combining the phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor crisaborole and the ferroptosis inhibitor deferoxamine to address these pathological processes.

Serum trimethylamine N-oxide and its precursors are associated with the occurrence of mild cognition impairment as well as changes in neurocognitive status.

Background: This study aims to examine the association between gut microbe-dependent trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors (choline, betaine, and carnitine) levels and mild cognition impairment (MCI), alongside changes in the Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (ΔMoCA-BC) score in rural adults.

Methods: Drawing data from a large-scale epidemiological study conducted in rural areas of Fuxin County, Liaoning Province, China. 1,535 participants free from brain-related ailments were initially surveyed.

Association of multiple environmental exposures with rhinitis and asthma symptoms in preschool children: Identifying critical risk factor.

Background: The concept "one airway, one disease" for childhood rhinitis and asthma has been challenged in recent years. This study aimed to evaluate associations of environmental exposures with alone and co-morbid symptoms of rhinitis and asthma and identify critical risk factor.

Methods: 5828 children aged 3-6 years in Shanghai were surveyed in 2019.

Loss of Notch dimerization perturbs intestinal homeostasis by a mechanism involving HDAC activity.

A tri-protein complex containing NICD, RBPj and MAML1 binds DNA as monomer or as cooperative dimers to regulate transcription. Mice expressing Notch dimerization-deficient alleles (NDD) of Notch1 and Notch2 are sensitized to environmental insults but otherwise develop and age normally. Transcriptomic analysis of colonic spheroids uncovered no evidence of dimer-dependent target gene miss-regulation, confirmed impaired stem cell maintenance in-vitro, and discovered an elevated signature of epithelial innate immune response to symbionts, a likely underlying cause for heightened sensitivity in NDD mice.

π-HuB: the proteomic navigator of the human body.

The human body contains trillions of cells, classified into specific cell types, with diverse morphologies and functions. In addition, cells of the same type can assume different states within an individual's body during their lifetime. Understanding the complexities of the proteome in the context of a human organism and its many potential states is a necessary requirement to understanding human biology, but these complexities can neither be predicted from the genome, nor have they been systematically measurable with available technologies.

Association between 5-minute oxygen saturation and neonatal death and intraventricular hemorrhage among extremely preterm infants.

Objective: To assess the relationship between 5-min oxygen saturation (SpO2) and outcomes in extremely preterm infants.

Study Design: This cohort study included infants ≤28 weeks' gestation across nine hospitals from 2020 to 2022. Death and / or severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) were compared between infants with 5-min SpO2 < 80% and 80-100% using Poisson regression models.

Chronic kidney disease and thyroid hormones.

Introduction: Thyroid dysfunction is prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and significantly impacts renal outcomes and mortality. This study investigated the associations between thyroid function and clinical outcomes, and also the therapeutic effects of thyroid hormone replacement therapy (THRT) in CKD patients.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the China Renal Data System.

Burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease attributable to ambient ozone pollution across China and its provinces, 1990-2021: An analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a causal relationship between ambient ozone (O3) and mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is the only outcome considered in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 for O3. This study aims to evaluate the temporal trend and spatial distribution of the COPD burden attributable to O3 across China from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: The ambient O3 concentrations in China were estimated.

Enhancing the Resilience of Bereaved Parents: Practical Experiences and Needs Perceived by Healthcare Professionals.

Aims: To explore the practical experiences and perceived needs of healthcare professionals in fostering resilience among bereaved parents.

Design: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted.

Methods: Twenty-seven healthcare professionals were recruited from the Paediatric Palliative Care Special Group of the Paediatrics Society of the Chinese Medical Association.

Long-term changes in the gut microbiota before and after bismuth quadruple therapy or concomitant therapy in children with peptic ulcers receiving eradication.

Background: () is a gram-negative spiral bacterium that can cause peptic ulcers. The effects of bismuth quadruple therapy and concomitant therapy on fecal ecology among children with peptic ulcers remain largely unknown. According to guidelines, these patients should be treated.

Genome-wide Mendelian randomization identifies drugs associated with body height.

Background: Mendelian randomization (MR) has been used to identify drug targets in many conditions. Height is a classic complex trait affected by genetic and early-life environmental factors. No systematic screening has been conducted to identify drugs that interact with height.

Supportive care needs of parents caring for children with leukemia: a latent profile analysis.

Background: Parents' supportive care needs directly affect their quality of life and the quality of care for their children diagnosed with leukemia.

Objectives: To identify supportive care needs of Chinese parents in the unobserved subgroups who care for children with leukemia and to examine the associations of the latent class membership with individual characteristics.

Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional survey study was conducted.

Intestinal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate necrotizing enterocolitis injury.

The therapeutic potential of intestinal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (ISCs-EVs) in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains largely unexplored. This research aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of ISCs-EVs on NEC. Lgr5-positive ISCs were screened from the small intestine of mice by flow cytometry, and ISCs-EVs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation.

Associations of long-term nitrogen dioxide exposure with a wide spectrum of diseases: a prospective cohort study of 0·5 million Chinese adults.

Background: Little evidence is available on the long-term health effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO) in low-income and middle-income populations. We investigated the associations of long-term NO exposure with the incidence of a wide spectrum of disease outcomes, based on data from the China Kadoorie Biobank.

Methods: This prospective cohort study involved 512 724 Chinese adults aged 30-79 years recruited from ten areas of China during 2004-08.

Advances towards potential cancer therapeutics targeting Hippo signaling.

Decades of research into the Hippo signaling pathway have greatly advanced our understanding of its roles in organ growth, tissue regeneration, and tumorigenesis. The Hippo pathway is frequently dysregulated in human cancers and is recognized as a prominent cancer signaling pathway. Hence, the Hippo pathway represents an ideal molecular target for cancer therapies.

Comparing clinical and biochemical characteristics of febrile seizures in children with and without COVID-19: a retrospective study.

Background: Transmission of COVID-19 is now normalized. There is an association between it and increased incidence of febrile seizures in children. Exploring whether COVID-19 has a specific effect on the clinical and biochemical features of febrile seizures is critical for the development of clinical treatment and prevention strategies.