Efficacy of the cross-union protocol in the treatment of congenital tibial pseudarthrosis: a comparative study.

Background: Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Tibia (CPT) is a rare pediatric condition presenting substantial challenges for orthopedic surgeons. Aiming to achieve bone union, with subsequent complications such as refractures being common. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the results of our intentional cross-union protocol and to compare these outcomes with those obtained from our previously used techniques.

The genetic association between polycystic ovary syndrome and the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A Mendelian randomization study.

Objective: In observational studies, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been associated with an increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs); however, the causality between these conditions remains to be determined. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between PCOS and HDPs.

Methods: This genome-wide association study (GWAS), conducted from November to December 2023, aimed to investigate the causal relationships between PCOS and HDPs, gestational hypertension and preeclampsia/eclampsia via two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Personalized Human Astrocyte-Derived Region-Specific Forebrain Organoids Recapitulate Endogenous Pathological Features of Focal Cortical Dysplasia.

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental malformation, the underlying mechanisms of which remain largely elusive. In this study, personalized dorsal and ventral forebrain organoids (DFOs/VFOs) are generated derived from brain astrocytes of patients with FCD type II (FCD II). The pathological features of dysmorphic neurons, balloon cells, and astrogliosis are successfully replicated in patient-derived DFOs, but not in VFOs.

Differential effects of fine particulate matter constituents on acute coronary syndrome onset.

Fine particulate matter has been linked with acute coronary syndrome. Nevertheless, the key constituents remain unclear. Here, we conduct a nationwide case-crossover study in China during 2015-2021 to quantify the associations between fine particulate matter constituents (organic matter, black carbon, nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium) and acute coronary syndrome, and to identify the critical contributors.

The in vitro Activity of Omadacycline Alone and in Combination Against Carbapenem-Resistant .

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro activity of omadacycline (OMC) and OMC-based combination therapy against carbapenem-resistant (CRKP).

Methods: The broth microdilution assay assessed the in vitro susceptibility of CRKP to OMC. The checkerboard assay was performed to evaluate the activity of OMC combined with polymyxin B (PB), amikacin (AN), or meropenem (MEM) against KPC-producing (class A) CRKP strains, and OMC combined with PB, aztreonam (ATM), MEM, or AN against class B and class A plus class B CRKP strains.

Preliminary study on the preparation of lyophilized acellular nerve scaffold complexes from rabbit sciatic nerves with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells.

Background: The gold standard of care for patients with severe peripheral nerve injury is autologous nerve grafting; however, autologous nerve grafts are usually limited for patients because of the limited number of autologous nerve sources and the loss of neurosensory sensation in the donor area, whereas allogeneic or xenografts are even more limited by immune rejection. Tissue-engineered peripheral nerve scaffolds, with the morphology and structure of natural nerves and complex biological signals, hold the most promise as ideal peripheral nerve "replacements".

Aim: To prepare allogenic peripheral nerve scaffolds using a low-toxicity decellularization method, and use human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) as seed cells to cultivate scaffold-cell complexes for the repair of injured peripheral nerves.

Downregulation of the immunoproteasome subunit PSMB8 attenuates sepsis-associated acute kidney injury through the NF-κB pathway.

Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (S-AKI) is a prevalent and life-threatening complication in hospitalized and critically ill patients. Recent researches indicates that immunoproteasome, especially proteasome 20S subunit beta 8 (PSMB8), is highly associated with various kidney diseases. This study aims to investigate the potential involvement of PSMB8 in S-AKI and its impact on apoptosis and inflammation.

Alterations in white matter integrity and correlations with clinical characteristics in children with non-lesional temporal lobe epilepsy.

Purpose: To complement the current research on altered white matter integrity in children with non-lesional temporal lobe epilepsy (NL-TLE), especially the correlation between diffusion metrics and clinical characteristics, so as to provide imaging evidence for clinical practice.

Methods: Children with temporal lobe epilepsy and no lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were retrospectively collected from 2016.01.

Identifying the Pathogenicity of a Novel NPRL3 Missense Mutation Using Personalized Cortical Organoid Model of Focal Cortical Dysplasia.

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) II is a cortical malformation characterized by cortical architectural abnormalities, dysmorphic neurons, with or without balloon cells. Here, we systematically explored the pathophysiological role of the GATOR1 subunit NPRL3 variants including a novel mutation from iPSCs derived from one FCD II patient. Three FCD II children aged 0.

Proteome-Wide Mendelian Randomization Analysis to Identify Potential Plasma Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Subtypes.

Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains an unmet medical challenge due to its insidious onset, atypical symptoms, and increasing resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. It is imperative to explore novel biomarkers and generate innovative target drugs.

Methods: To identify potential proteins with causal association to EOC subtypes, we conducted a Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis using 15,419 protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) associated with 2015 proteins.

Negative valence in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A worldwide mega-analysis of task-based functional neuroimaging data of the ENIGMA-OCD consortium.

Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with altered brain function related to processing of negative emotions. To investigate neural correlates of negative valence in OCD, we pooled fMRI data of 633 individuals with OCD and 453 healthy controls from 16 studies using different negatively-valenced tasks across the ENIGMA-OCD Working-Group.

Methods: Participant data were processed uniformly using HALFpipe, to extract voxelwise participant-level statistical images of one common first-level contrast: negative vs.

Efficacy Analysis of Modified Single-Incision Surgery for Repair of Pediatric Chest Wall Defects: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Aim: This study aims to compare the efficacy of modified single-incision surgery with that of traditional modified Ravitch surgery for the repair of pectus excavatum in pediatric patients.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we included patients who underwent surgical correction for sternal depression from January 2015 to December 2020 across four major medical centers. Patients were categorized into two specific groups on the basis of the surgical technique employed: the modified single-incision surgery group, which comprised patients treated using the novel single-incision approach, and the traditional modified Ravitch surgery group, which included patients who received the conventional Ravitch surgery with multiple incisions.

Observed Effects on Very Early Pregnancy Linked to Ambient PM Exposure in China among Women Undergoing Fertilization-Embryo Transfer.

The adverse effect of ambient PM exposure on very early pregnancy (VEP) remains controversial among epidemiological studies but is supported by toxicological evidence. We adopted a multicenter retrospective cohort of 141,040 cycles to evaluate the effect of PM exposure on the VEP using the fertilization and embryo transfer platform and high-resolution PM data in China. We first investigated the association between PM exposure 1 week before and 1 week after the embryo transfer date and VEP.

Short-term association between ambient air pollution and childhood non-allergic rhinitis: A time-series study at a National Children's Regional Medical Center, in Hefei, China, from 2015 to 2021.

The relationship between air pollution exposure and non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) risk in children is underexplored and uncertain. Therefore, the impact of numerous air pollutants on the incidence of NAR in a Chinese pediatric population were investigated. Data on daily outpatient visits for NAR among children aged 0-18 years from 2015 to 2021 were obtained from Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital.

Genetic analysis of patients with low-frequency non-syndromic hearing loss.

Low-frequency non-syndromic hearing loss (LFNSHL) is a rare auditory disorder affecting frequencies ≤ 2000 Hz. To elucidate its genetic basis, we conducted whole-exome sequencing on nine Chinese families (31 affected individuals) with LFNSHL. Four heterozygous pathogenic variants, including two novel variants, were identified in common LFNSHL-related genes (WFS1, DIAPH1) and less common genes (TNC, EYA4), achieving a 44% genetic diagnosis rate.

Predictors of breakthrough invasive fungal infections (BIFI) in pediatric acute leukemia: a retrospective analysis and predictive model development.

Objective: This study aims to identify key risk factors associated with the development of breakthrough invasive fungal infections (BIFI) in pediatric acute leukemia patients to improve early detection and intervention strategies.

Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 160 pediatric patients with acute leukemia admitted to Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital between October 2018 and June 2022. The study evaluated the impact of various clinical parameters on BIFI risk using univariate and multivariable analyses, with data including patient demographics, treatment regimens, and infection outcomes.

Tachykinin signaling in the right parabrachial nucleus mediates early-phase neuropathic pain development.

The lateral parabrachial nucleus (PBN) is critically involved in neuropathic pain modulation. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain largely unknown. Here, we report that in mice, the right-sided, but not the left-sided, PBN plays an essential role in the development of hyperalgesia following nerve injury, irrespective of the injury side.

mFusion: a multiscale fusion method bridging neuroimages to genes through neurotransmissions in mental health disorders.

Mental health disorders emerge from complex interactions among neurobiological processes across multiple scales, which poses challenges in uncovering pathological pathways from molecular dysfunction to neuroimaging changes. Here, we proposed a multiscale fusion (mFusion) method to evaluate the relevance of each gene to the neuroimaging traits of mental health disorders. We combined gene-neuroimaging associations with gene-positron emission tomography (PET) and PET-neuroimaging associations using protein-protein interaction networks, where various genes traced by PET maps are involved in neurotransmission.

Targeted degradation of oncogenic KRASG12V triggers antitumor immunity in lung cancer models.

KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in lung adenocarcinoma, with G12C and G12V being the most predominant forms. Recent breakthroughs in KRASG12C inhibitors have transformed the clinical management of patients with G12C mutation and advanced our understanding of its function. However, little is known about the targeted disruption of KRASG12V, partly due to a lack of specific inhibitors.

Black Carbon Air Pollution and Incident Mortality among the Advance-Aged Adults in China: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: We aimed to assess associations between black carbon (BC) and non-accidental mortality among advance-aged adults in China.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in 22 provinces of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. We calculated concentrations of 3-year average BC, fine particulate matter (PM2.

Liver transplantation in a boy with TFAM mutation associated mtDNA depletion syndrome.

Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) deficiency may cause mtDNA depletion syndrome, which manifests as neonatal liver failure or primary ovarian insufficiency, hearing loss, seizures, and intellectual disability. Treatment focusing on symptomatic management, and the clinical prognosis remains poor. Here, we describe a novel case of TFAM mutation presenting with progressive neonatal cholestasis, hypoglycemia and abnormal amino acid profiling.

Integrating rare pathogenic variant prioritization with gene-based association analysis to identify novel genes and relevant multimodal traits for Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Increasing evidence has highlighted rare variants in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, insufficient sample sizes, especially in underrepresented ethnic groups, hinder their investigation. Additionally, their impact on endophenotypes remains largely unexplored.

Establishment of a survival rabbit model for laryngotracheal stenosis: A prospective randomized study.

Objective: To develop a reproducible survival rabbit model for laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS).

Methods: Seventy New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits were randomly divided into experimental groups ( = 30) and a control group ( = 40). In experimental groups, a nylon brush was inserted retrograde from the tracheotomy through the subglottis and rotated until a full layer circumferential mucosal injury to cartilage exposure, assisted by fiberoptic laryngoscopy (FOL) visualization.

Progress and Gaps in Respiratory Disease Research and Treatment: Highlights of the IRM 2024 in Shanghai.

Respiratory diseases pose a major public health challenge globally, necessitating collaborative efforts between basic researchers and clinicians for effective solutions. China, which is heavily impacted by a broad spectrum of respiratory disorders, has made notable strides in both research and clinical management of these diseases. The International Respiratory Medicine (IRM) meeting was organized with the primary goal of facilitating the exchange of recent research developments and promoting collaboration between Chinese and American scientists in both basic and clinical research fields.