Tone management: An environmental scan of current management practices across Canada.

Background: Currently, there are no standardized approaches to care or evaluation for tone dysfunction in Canada. The study authors hypothesize that there is significant practice variation across the country. This environmental scan is aimed to describe the current practice for management of paediatric patients with hypertonia across Canada.

Associations between prenatal maternal stress, maternal inflammation during pregnancy, and children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms throughout childhood.

Background: Maternal immune activation is a potential mechanism underlying associations between maternal stress during pregnancy and offspring mental health problems. This study examined associations between prenatal maternal stress, maternal inflammation during pregnancy, and children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms from 3 to 10 years of age, and whether maternal inflammation mediated the associations between prenatal maternal stress and children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms.

Methods: This study comprised 4,902 mother-child dyads in the Generation R study.

Clinical Practice Guideline Recommendations in Pediatric Orthopaedic Injury: A Systematic Review.

Background: Lack of adherence to recommendations on pediatric orthopaedic injury care may be driven by lack of knowledge of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), heterogeneity in recommendations or concerns about their quality. We aimed to identify CPGs for pediatric orthopaedic injury care, appraise their quality, and synthesize the quality of evidence and the strength of associated recommendations.

Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science and websites of clinical organizations.

Deep phenotyping of the neuroimaging and skeletal features in KBG syndrome: a study of 53 patients and review of the literature.

Background: KBG syndrome is caused by haploinsufficiency of and is characterised by macrodontia of upper central incisors, distinctive facial features, short stature, skeletal anomalies, developmental delay, brain malformations and seizures. The central nervous system (CNS) and skeletal features remain poorly defined.

Methods: CNS and/or skeletal imaging were collected from molecularly confirmed individuals with KBG syndrome through an international network.

Elucidating the clinical and molecular spectrum of SMARCC2-associated NDD in a cohort of 65 affected individuals.

Purpose: Coffin-Siris and Nicolaides-Baraitser syndromes are recognizable neurodevelopmental disorders caused by germline variants in BAF complex subunits. The SMARCC2 BAFopathy was recently reported. Herein, we present clinical and molecular data on a large cohort.

Autistic Regression and Exposure to Industrial Chemicals: Preliminary Observations.

Exposure to industrial pollutants is a potential risk factor not fully explored in ASD with regression (ASD+R). We studied geographical collocation patterns of industrial air chemical emissions and the location of homes of children with ASD+R at different exposure times, compared with ASD cases without regression (ASD-R). Fifteen of 111 emitted chemicals collocated with ASD+R, and 65 with ASD-R.

A survey-based study about burnout among postgraduate medical trainees: implications for leaders in healthcare management.

Introduction: The goal of the study is to assess burnout among postgraduate medical trainees, evaluate the association with sociodemographic features and offer potential wellness strategies for leaders responsible for their education, training, management, and wellbeing.

Methods: The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory was used. The web-based, voluntary, and anonymous survey was sent to postgraduate medical trainees from various specialties and all years of training in a tertiary medical center in Beirut, Lebanon.

Abscess volume as a predictor of surgical intervention in children hospitalized with orbital cellulitis: A multicentre cohort study.

Importance: Orbital cellulitis with subperiosteal or orbital abscess can result in serious morbidity and mortality in children. Objective volume criterion measurement on cross-sectional imaging is a useful clinical tool to identify patients with abscess who may require surgical drainage.

Objective: To determine the predictive value of abscess volume and the optimal volume cut-point for surgical intervention.

Erasure of the young trans person: A critical discursive review of contemporary health care literature.

Introduction: Trans youth experience significantly higher rates of societal violence and ill-health compared to their cisgender peers. Although recent clinical guidelines for trans young people in health have paved the way for revolutionizing care, many trans young people still experience adversity in clinical settings. This discursive literature review provides a novel approach in exploring why trans young people experience violence in health care despite the availability of evidence-based resources and guidelines.

Advances in neonatal cell therapies: Proceedings of the First Neonatal Cell Therapies Symposium (2022).

Despite considerable advances, there is a need to improve the outcomes of newborn infants, especially related to prematurity, encephalopathy and other conditions. In principle, cell therapies have the potential to protect, repair, or sometimes regenerate vital tissues; and improve or sustain organ function. In this review, we present highlights from the First Neonatal Cell Therapies Symposium (2022).

Prenatal maternal stress, child internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and the moderating role of parenting: findings from the Norwegian mother, father, and child cohort study.

Background: Few studies have examined how parenting influences the associations between prenatal maternal stress and children's mental health. The objectives of this study were to examine the sex-specific associations between prenatal maternal stress and child internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and to assess the moderating effects of parenting behaviors on these associations.

Methods: This study is based on 15 963 mother-child dyads from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa).

First and second trimester maternal serum markers for prenatal aneuploidy screening: An update on the adjustment factors for race, smoking, and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: The concentrations of maternal serum markers for aneuploidy screening are influenced by maternal characteristics such as race, smoking, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and in vitro fertilization (IVF). Accurate risk estimation requires adjustment of initial values for these characteristics. This study aims to update and validate adjustment factors for race, smoking, and IDDM.

MR Enterography Scores Correlate with Degree of Mucosal Healing in Pediatric Crohn's Disease: A Pilot Study.

Objectives: MR enterography (MRE) Index of Activity (MaRIA) and Clermont are validated scores that correlate with Crohn's disease (CD) activity; however, the Clermont score has not been validated to correlate with the degree of change in mucosal inflammation post induction treatment in children. This pilot study evaluated if MaRIA and Clermont scores can serve as surrogates to ileocolonoscopy for assessing interval change in mucosal inflammation in pediatric CD post-induction treatment.

Methods: Children with known or newly diagnosed ileocolonic CD starting or changing therapy underwent ileocolonoscopy, scored with simple endoscopic score for Crohn's disease (SES-CD), and MRE on the same day at two time points (Week 0 and 12).

Temporal trends and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine series initiation after recent pregnancy.

During the rapid deployment of COVID-19 vaccines in 2021, safety concerns may have led some pregnant individuals to postpone vaccination until after giving birth. This study aimed to describe temporal patterns and factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine series initiation after recent pregnancy in Ontario, Canada. Using the provincial birth registry linked with the COVID-19 vaccine database, we identified all individuals who gave birth between January 1 and December 31, 2021, and had not yet been vaccinated by the end of pregnancy, and followed them to June 30, 2022 (follow-up ranged from 6 to 18 months).

Pediatric Hepatic Angiosarcoma (PHAS) and Vinyl Chloride-A Ghost of the Past May Loom over East Palestine, OH, and beyond: A Critical Commentary.

Road accidents are not infrequent everywhere in the world, but when they involve poisonous and dangerous chemical compounds, they represent a hazard and an issue for public health. In this commentary, we briefly review a recent East Palestine event and one of the chemicals primarily involved with a predisposition to initiate a carcinogenetic process. The author reviewed, as a consultant, numerous chemical compounds for the International Agency for Research on Cancer, a trusted agency of the World Health Organization.

Differences in Healthcare Utilization in Women with and without Inflammatory Bowel Diseases During Preconception, Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background And Aims: Compared to those without inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], women with IBD may have increased healthcare utilization during pregnancy and postpartum, though this remains to be confirmed. We aimed to characterize this healthcare use between these groups.

Methods: Administrative databases were accessed to identify women [aged 18-55 years] with and without IBD who had a live, singleton pregnancy between 2003 and 2018.

Diagnostic test accuracy for cessation of circulation during death determination: a systematic review.

Purpose: To synthesize the available evidence comparing noninvasive methods of measuring the cessation of circulation in patients who are potential organ donors undergoing death determination by circulatory criteria (DCC) with the current accepted standard of invasive arterial blood pressure (IAP) monitoring.

Source: We searched (from inception until 27 April 2021) MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We screened citations and manuscripts independently and in duplicate for eligible studies that compared noninvasive methodologies assessing circulation in patients who were monitored around a period of cessation of circulation.

Efficacy of the Aim2Be Intervention in Changing Lifestyle Behaviors Among Adolescents With Overweight and Obesity: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Aim2Be is a gamified lifestyle app designed to promote lifestyle behavior changes among Canadian adolescents and their families.

Objective: The primary aim was to test the efficacy of the Aim2Be app with support from a live coach to reduce weight outcomes (BMI Z score [zBMI]) and improve lifestyle behaviors among adolescents with overweight and obesity and their parents versus a waitlist control group over 3 months. The secondary aim was to compare health trajectories among waitlist control participants over 6 months (before and after receiving access to the app), assess whether support from a live coach enhanced intervention impact, and evaluate whether the app use influenced changes among intervention participants.

Perinatal origins of bronchopulmonary dysplasia-deciphering normal and impaired lung development cell by cell.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a multifactorial disease occurring as a consequence of premature birth, as well as antenatal and postnatal injury to the developing lung. BPD morbidity and severity depend on a complex interplay between prenatal and postnatal inflammation, mechanical ventilation, and oxygen therapy as well as associated prematurity-related complications. These initial hits result in ill-explored aberrant immune and reparative response, activation of pro-fibrotic and anti-angiogenic factors, which further perpetuate the injury.

Pediatric Echinococcosis of the Liver in Austria: Clinical and Therapeutical Considerations.

Echinococcosis is considered a neglected disease in most European countries. However, migratory flows of populations, long-term stays in endemic areas, uninterrupted tourism (travel to -endemic countries), traveling dogs and dog translocations from endemic areas, and inappropriate hygiene practices are potential factors that alarm public health officials. Identifying a cyst-like mass in the liver or lung of an individual with a travel history of likely exposure to sheepdogs in an area where the parasite (sive is endemic advocates for a prompt preliminary diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE), no matter the age of the affected individuals.

Do Case Reports and Case Series Generate Clinical Discoveries About Preeclampsia? A Systematic Review.

Background: Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. The management of preeclampsia has not changed much in more than two decades, and its aetiology is still not fully understood. Case reports and case series have traditionally been used to communicate new knowledge about existing conditions.